句型重點解析 UNIT 6.1

1. ...as + Adj/Adv + as...        和……一樣，如同……

說明1. 此為形容詞(Adj)與副詞(Adv)原級比較的句型，用來表示兩者在程度上相同或相當，為「和……一樣，如同……」之意。

2. 主要子句的動詞為be動詞、連綴動詞或不完全及物動詞時，須接形容詞，而為一般動詞時，則多接副詞。

3. 若比較的對象為代名詞，則第二個as之後通常接代名詞主格加助動詞或be動詞。在口語中，as之後也可以直接接代名詞受格。

例句

1. Many people believe that laboratory-developed GM fruits are every bit as tasty as the fruits that Mother Nature produces.  (許多人相信實驗室研發出的基因改造水果吃起來和大自然栽種的一樣美味。)

2. The boy plays golf as well as a professional player.  (那個男孩高爾夫球打得跟職業選手一樣好。)

3. My father is as busy as I am/me.  ( 我爸爸像我一樣忙。)

2. A + be + Adj-er/more Adj + than + B → B + be + less Adj + than + A → B + be + not + as Adj as + A

說明第一個句型為形容詞比較級的用法，表示「A比B較為……」。

第二個句型為第一個的反向說法，為劣等比較，表示「B不比A……」。

第三個句型為形容詞原級比較的否定用法，表示「B不比A……」。

例句

1.The super fruit is even sweeter than either one of its already sweet “parents.”

  (超級水果甚至比它原本就甜的「父母親」都要來得甜。)

  → Either one of the super fruit’s already sweet “parents” is less sweet than/is not as  
   sweet as the super fruit.     (原本就甜的「父母親」不比超級水果來得甜。)

2. For Meg, English is easier than math.  (對Meg來說，英文比數學更簡單。)

  → For Meg, math is less easy than/is not as easy as English.     (對Meg來說，數學不比英文來得簡單。)

3. Praise is more inspiring than criticism.  (讚美比批評更能鼓舞人心。)

  → Criticism is less inspiring than/is not as inspiring as praise.     (批評不比讚美更能鼓舞人心。)

3. S + consider/find/make/think+ it + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....

說明1. 不完全及物動詞consider、find、make、think加上受詞之後，必須再加上形容詞作為補語，使句義更為完整。

2. 此句型中it為虛受詞，真受詞為後面的不定詞片語(to V)。

例句

1. Have you ever found it difficult to slice a watermelon or inconvenient to store one in your refrigerator because of its large size and round shape?

  (你曾經因為西瓜的大尺寸或圓滾滾的形狀而發現它很難切片，或不方便存放在冰箱裡嗎？)

2. We think it important for children to form a good reading habit.(我們認為孩子養成良好的閱讀習慣很重要。)

3. Nick’s busy job made it difficult for him to visit his parents regularly. (Nick繁忙的工作使他很難常常去探望父母。)

4. A + be + referred to + as B

說明1. 此句型為被動語態的用法，表示「A被稱為B」之意，也可以改寫成主動語態“sb＋refer to/regard/see/think of/view A＋as B”。

2. 類似的被動用法有“A + be + regarded/thought of/seen/viewed + as B”，表示「A被視為B」之意，也可以使用動詞consider，以句型“A + be + considered + (to be) B”來表示。

例句

1. These scientific ways are often referred to as genetic modification.  (這些科學方法通常被稱為基因改造。)

  → We often refer to these scientific ways as genetic modification. (我們經常稱這些科學方法為基因改造。)

2. Dogs are thought of as humans’ best friends.

  → Dogs are considered (to be) humans’ best friends. (狗被視為人類最好的朋友。)

3. Willa is regarded as the best singer in our glee club. (Willa 被認為是我們合唱團中最好的演唱者。)

  → Willa is considered (to be) the best singer in our glee club.

5. S + Vi (feel/look/smell/sound/taste) +   Adj

                                    like + N

說明1. 此為感官動詞的用法。此類動詞為不完全不及物動詞，後面不接受詞，須有主詞補語(SC)來修飾主詞。主詞補語可以是形容詞(Adj) 或介系詞片語(like +名詞)。

2. 常見感官動詞有：feel「感覺起來」、look「看起來」、smell「聞起來」、sound「聽起來」及taste「嚐起來」。

例句

1. If you’re thinking this all sounds crazy, you might be relieved to hear that not all the results from these experiments are this extreme.

  (如果你覺得這一切都聽起來太瘋狂，當聽到並非所有的實驗結果都是如此極端時，你可能會鬆口氣。)

2. The cloth feels smooth. It feels like silk.  (這布料摸起來很光滑。感覺像是絲綢一般。)

3. How does the chocolate cake taste? It looks delicious.  (這巧克力蛋糕嚐起來如何？它看起來很可口。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. I ________ it dangerous to speak on the cell phone while driving.

         (A) find                           (B) feel                (C) view                    (D) refer

(　) 2. A pair of jeans is ________ formal ________ a dress, so it is safer for you to wear a dress to a job interview.
(A) more; than           (B) less; as           (C) not as; as             (D) as; as

(　) 3. To many food lovers, this new burger ________ delicious.
(A) feels                    (B) tastes             (C) makes                  (D) considers

(　) 4. In Greek and Roman culture, the human body ________ a work of art.

          (A) thinks of as               (B) considers       (C) is referred            (D) is viewed as

(　) 5.My brother runs as slowly as I ________.

          (A) does                    (B) are                       (C) do                        (D) am

(　) 6. I love comic books. To me, reading a comic book is ________ reading a textbook.

           (A) less interesting than (B) as interesting as (C) not as interesting as     (D) more interesting than

(　) 7. Tiffany studies as ________ as her elder sister.

          (A) diligent               (B) diligently             (C) being diligent      (D) so diligent

(　) 8. Many Chinese people think ________ to give others a clock as a gift.

          (A) rude                    (B) it rude                 (C) them rude            (D) is rude

(　) 9. The writer’s new novel is seen ________ the best book he was ever written.

          (A) from                    (B) to                         (C) as                         (D) of

(　) 10. I think Gina’s idea sounds ________. I won’t support it.

          (A) ridiculous            (B) ridiculously         (C) to be ridiculous   (D) being ridiculous

II.配合題：從以下框中選出最適合的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ....referred to as Venice of the East.   (B) ...more convenient than using cash. (C) ...taste delicious.      (D) ...as beautiful as a painting.   (E) ...it noisy to live near a market.

_____ 1. The beach at sunset is...

_____ 2. Most people think...

_____ 3. Using a credit card is...

_____ 4. In the past, Bangkok was...

_____ 5. The hamburgers in that restaurant...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1.漂流木被許多藝術家視為無價之寶。

  Driftwood is ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ priceless treasure by many artists.

2.這個派聞起來像玫瑰花一樣。大家都很喜歡。

  The pie ________________________ ________________________ a ________________________. Everyone loves it.

3.把盤子裝滿食物不比每種東西都先嚐一小口來得明智。

  Filling your plate up with a lot of food is ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ trying a small amount of everything first.

4.小女孩被要求表現得跟其他小孩一樣乖。

  The little girl is asked to behave as ________________________ as other kids.

5.臉書能讓我們找到許久不見的朋友。

  Facebook ________________________ ________________________ p________________________ for us to find friends that we haven’t seen for a long time.

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.8

1. whoever = anyone who     whatever = anything that     whichever = any/either one of them that

說明：whoever、whatever、whichever等字均稱為「複合關係代名詞」。「複合關係代名詞」大多由關係代名詞加上-ever字尾形成，相當於「先行詞 + 關係代名詞」，在名詞子句中可當主詞也可當受詞。

例句

1. Whoever (= Anyone who) is a born lefty has to learn to survive in a world dominated by righties.
(無論哪個天生的左撇子，都必須學會在右撇子主宰的世界裡生存。)

2. Whatever (= Anything that) you say would not influence my determination.
(無論你說什麼都不會影響我的決心。)

3. You can choose whichever (= any/either one of them that) you like to bring home.
(你可以選擇任何一個你喜歡的東西帶回家。)

2. Not until + S + V... + Aux + S + V....

說明：本句型為not until之倒裝用法，當句中出現not...until時，可將not until或until引導之副詞子句置於句首，並將助動詞移至主詞前形成倒裝，用來加強否定的語氣。

例句

1. These early people did not begin to favor their left or right hands until they invented more sophisticated tools.
→ Not until they invented more sophisticated tools did these early people begin to

favor their left or right hands. (直到他們發明出更精密的工具，這些早期人類才開始偏好使用左手或右手。)

2. Sarah did not begin to write her homework until her mother scolded her.
→ Not until Sarah’s mother scolded her did she begin to write her homework.
   (直到她媽媽把她罵了一頓，Sarah才開始寫作業。)

3. Henry did not know the importance of studying until he began to work.
→ Not until Henry began to work did he know the importance of studying.
   (直到開始工作，Henry才知道讀書的重要。)

3. such as...　　例如……

說明：此為介系詞片語，其後要加名詞(N)或動名詞(V-ing)，放在文中用來舉例，加強說明前文所提及之內容。

例句

1. Everyday activities such as opening a can of food with a can opener or cutting paper with scissors can be challenging.
(每天的日常活動都可能充滿挑戰，例如用開罐器開罐頭食品，或用剪刀剪紙。)

2. Michael can speak many kinds of languages, such as Chinese, English, and French.
(Michael會說很多種語言，像中文、英文和法文。)

3. I like to take exercise, such as playing tennis and jogging, in my free time.
(我有空的時候喜歡運動，例如打網球和慢跑等等。)

4. Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions

說明：動詞置於介系詞(preposition)後時須改為動名詞(gerund)來做為受詞，不可以不定詞代替。常見的介系詞有at、in、on、of、from、to、about、for、after等。特別要注意的是在一些慣用語中，介系詞會被省略而直接接上動名詞，例如：

1. have + difficulty/trouble/a hard time + (in) V-ing　(難以做到……)

2. be busy + (in) V-ing　(忙著……)

例句

1. In addition, left-handed computer users’ hands easily get tired from using a traditional mouse.(除此之外，左撇子用電腦時，手也很容易因為使用傳統滑鼠而疲累。)

2. Mary is good at singing. (Mary擅長唱歌。)

3. Fiona is shy. She has difficulty (in) talking to strangers. (Fiona很害羞。她難以跟陌生人講話。)

5. ...N + why/when/where + S (+ Aux) + V....

說明1. 以上關係副詞(why/when/where)分別用來修飾表「原因／時間／地點」的先行詞，同時具有連接詞及副詞兩種詞性，用於結構完整之關係子句中。

2. 關係副詞可用「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」來代替，why = for which，when = at/in/on/during which，而where = at/in/on/from which。故關係副詞直接置於先行詞之後，其前面不需再加任何介系詞。

3. 當關係子句結構完整時，可使用關係副詞；但若關係子句結構不完整時，則須使用關係代名詞。

例句

1. In addition, there are communities on the Internet where left-handers can share their experiences. (此外，還有能讓左撇子們分享彼此經驗的網路社群成立。)

2. Julia cannot figure out the reason why she failed in the interview. (Julia無法理解為何她面試失敗。)

3. Nora still remembers the days when she spent with Linus. (×)
→ Nora still remembers the days which/that she spent with Linus. (○)
   (Nora依然記得她和Linus一起度過的那些日子。)
(關係子句的及物動詞spend缺少受詞，句構不完整，故須用關係代名詞which/that)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Not until Ariel failed in the exam ________ to regret.
(A) was she beginning                              (B) did she begin
(C) she began                                            (D) she begins

(　) 2. Sue usually helps her mother do housework, ________ washing dishes.
(A) such as             (B) as such                (C) such like              (D) like as

(　) 3. Kate is excited about ________ a trip to Japan.
(A) took                  (B) take                     (C) taking                  (D) to take

(　) 4. We decided to go swimming in the river instead of ________ at home.
(A) to stay              (B) staying                (C) stayed                 (D) stay

(　) 5. John and Sally held their wedding in the restaurant __________ they met each other.
(A) where               (B) when                   (C) why                     (D) who

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Not until I saw the movie I did realize why it became a hit.

                    (A)                 (B)  (C)          (D)

(　) ____________ 2. Mike is looking forward to go to America for his next vacation.

                          (A)            (B)         (C)       (D)

(　) ____________ 3. Peter couldn’t find out the reason where he was not welcome in his class.

                              (A)  (B)          (C)                 (D)

(　) ____________ 4. Cindy missed the time which she was in love with her husband very much.

                         (A)          (B)        (C)     (D)

(　) ____________ 5. Mary was happy about won the game because she had spent much time preparing for it.

                                      (A)                     (B)              (C)     (D)

III. 判讀題：依各題句意選出適當的複合關係代名詞。(可重複選擇)

A. whoever

B. whatever

C. whichever

(　) 1. I think ________ respects others will gain others’ respect in return.

(　) 2. You can choose ________ dish you like and eat as much as you can in the restaurant.

(　) 3. Kevin trusts his girlfriend so much that he believes ________ she says.

(　) 4. Candy believes that ________ listens to the teacher’s words is a good student.

(　) 5. ________ I do would never satisfy my parents.

IV. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 我相信無論是誰只要努力就會成功。

I believe that ________________ ________________ hard would succeed.

2. 人們常常在失去健康後才知道它的重要性。
Not ________________ people lose their health ________________ ________________ ________________ the importance of it.

3. 我喜歡聽不同類型的音樂，像是爵士、藍調和搖滾。
I like to listen to different types of music, ________________ ________________ jazz, blues, and rock.

4. Daniel靠著努力工作買了人生中的第一棟房子。

Daniel bought the first house in his life by ________________ hard.

5. Jeremy正忙著準備明天的考試。
Jeremy is busy ________________ for the exam tomorrow.

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.7

1. V-ing..., S + V....

說明：此句型為主動用法之分詞構句，若副詞子句與主要子句之主詞相同，常會省略主詞及從屬連接詞，並將動詞改為現在分詞(V-ing)而形成現在分詞構句，但當從屬連接詞為(al)though時，為求語意明確，不省略(al)though。

例句

1. Because the boy and his family lived in poverty, they had to work diligently on the farm every day.
→ Living in poverty, the boy and his family had to work diligently on the farm

every day. (男孩和他的家人因為生活貧困而必須每天在農場上勤奮工作。)

2. Although Joyce earned a lot of money, she never bought luxuries.
→ Although earning a lot of money, Joyce never bought luxuries.
   (雖然Joyce賺了很多錢，但她從未買過任何奢侈品。)

3. If you go to this party, you will meet many famous singers and models.
→ Going to this party, you will meet many famous singers and models.
   (如果你去參加這場派對，你將會遇見很多當紅歌手和名模。)

2. Vpp..., S + V....

說明：此句型為被動用法之分詞構句，若副詞子句與主要子句之主詞相同，常會省略主詞、從屬連接詞以及be動詞，只留下過去分詞(Vpp)而形成過去分詞構句，但當從屬連接詞為(al)though時，為求語意明確，不省略(al)though。

例句

1. After the boy was offered a glass of milk and a piece of cake, he sat down to take a rest.
→ Offered a glass of milk and a piece of cake, the boy sat down to take a rest.
   (被給了一杯牛奶和一塊蛋糕後，男孩坐下來休息。)

2. Although Kate was invited to that fantastic party, she went out on a date with her boyfriend in a shabby little restaurant as planned.
→ Although invited to that fantastic party, Kate went out on a date with her

boyfriend in a shabby little restaurant as planned.(雖然Kate被邀請去參加那場吸引人的派對，她還是依照原訂計畫和她男朋友去一家又小又破的餐廳約會。)

3. Since Alex was chosen to represent our class in the contest, he would try his best to win the championship.
→ Chosen to represent our class in the contest, Alex would try his best to win the

championship. (既然被選中代表我們班參加比賽，Alex就會盡他的全力贏得冠軍。)

3. no-/some-/any- + -body/-one/-thing + Adj

說明：當字首no-/some-/any-搭配-body/-one/-thing等字時，便形成了不定代名詞，此時若需要加上形容詞修飾，則將形容詞置於這些不定代名詞之後，意即後位修飾。

例句

1. Take this day for yourself and try to learn something good. (把握屬於你自己的這一天，試著學些好的事物。)

2. Is there anything special about the car? (這部車有什麼特別的嗎？)

3. We went to the famous restaurant but found nothing delicious there.
(我們去了那家有名的餐廳，但卻發現那裡沒什麼好吃的。)

4. S + be/V + Adverbial Phrase → Adverbial Phrase + be/V + S

說明：本句型用來強調「地方副詞片語」(adverbial phrase)。若here、there或地方副詞片語置於句首時，該句的主詞和動詞須互換位置形成倒裝，但若主詞為人稱代名詞時，則不需倒裝。

例句

1. The house he had been searching for was at the top, but it didn't have the golden windows.
→ At the top was the house he had been searching for, but it didn't have the golden

windows. (在山頂上就是他在尋找的房子，但它並沒有金色的窗戶。)

2. My teacher comes here.

 → Here comes my teacher.   (我的老師來了。)

3. I stayed indoors because of the rain.

 → Indoors I stayed because of the rain. (我因為下雨而待在室內。)

5. To one’s + N　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　令人感到……的是

說明：此副詞片語多置於句首，表達人的心情，須接關於情緒、感情方面的名詞。這類名詞常見的有surprise (驚訝)、disappointment (失望)、sorrow (悲傷)、joy (快樂)、amazement (驚訝)、regret (懊悔)、embarrassment (尷尬)等等，使用時務必依據想表達的意思慎選情緒名詞。

例句

1. To his great sorrow, the windows were just clear glass, like any normal ones.
(令他感到悲傷的是，那些窗戶只是乾淨的玻璃，就跟普通的窗戶一樣。)

2. To my disappointment, I failed the test and couldn’t get my driver’s license.
(令我感到失望的是，我沒通過考試而無法拿到駕照。)

3. To Leo’s embarrassment, his ex-girlfriend’s new lover is his buddy.
(令Leo 感到尷尬的是，他前女友的新情人是他的好朋友。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. ________ Mr. Wang’s joy, his son got first prize in the competition.
(A) At                     (B) To                        (C) As                       (D) By

(　) 2. ________ into a rich family, Laura never knows what it is like to be poor.
(A) Born                 (B) Bear                    (C) Bearing               (D) Bore

(　) 3. ________ in the city, we could get what we want easily.
(A) Being lived      (B) Lived                  (C) Live                     (D) Living

(　) 4. Though ________ hard, Bill didn’t get the high grade as he expected.
(A) studied             (B) to study               (C) having studied    (D) had studied

(　) 5. ________ by the teacher, Henry has to clean the toilet for the whole month.
(A) Be punished     (B) Punishing            (C) Punish                 (D) Punished

(　) 6. Did you ________ to celebrate your birthday?
(A) do anything special                            (B) do special anything
(C) did anything special                           (D) did special anything

(　) 7. ________ I bought yesterday.
(A) The watch is in the box                      (B) In the box is the watch
(C) Is the watch in the box                      (D) The box is the watch in

(　) 8. There is ________ in this movie.
(A) nothing excited                                  (B) excited nothing
(C) nothing exciting                                 (D) exciting nothing

(　) 9. To Patrick’s ________, his girlfriend left him without saying a word.
(A) sorrowed          (B) sorrowfully         (C) sorrow                 (D) sorrowful

(　) 10. ________ a lot of books last week.

            (A) In the bookstore I read                       (B) In the bookstore read I
(C) I read in the bookstore                       (D) Read I in the bookstore

II. 填空：依各題句意填入適當的分詞形式。

1. ________________ (sit) on the chair, Sherry began to doze off.

2. ________________ (write) in a foreign language, the book is difficult to read.

3. ________________ (blame) for his poor grades, Tom cried sadly.

4. ________________ (take) a bath, I love to sing my favorite singer’s songs.

5. ________________ (live) far away from school, Ariel needs to get up early every day.

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 令我感到失望的是，我最喜愛的歌手的演唱會門票在三天前就賣完了。
________________ ________________ ________________, the tickets of my favorite singer’s concert were sold out three days ago.

2. 雖然生長在一個貧窮的家庭裡，Daniel還是靠著自己的努力而成為了一名成功的企業家。
________________ ________________ in a ________________ family, Daniel became a successful entrepreneur by his hard work.

3. 那間房子裡住了一位醫生。
In the house ________________ ________________ ________________.

4. 冰箱裡有什麼好吃的嗎？
Is there ________________ ________________ in the refrigerator?

5. 這個電視節目沒什麼有趣的地方。 There is ________________ ________________ in this TV program.