句型重點解析 UNIT 1.5

UNIT 1.5

1. To V₁/V₁-ing... (+ Aux) + be/V₂....

說明：1. 不定詞片語或動名詞都可以當句子的主詞，須視為第三人稱單數，接單數動詞。

2. 作主詞時，若不定詞片語過長，常會以虛主詞it替代，並將真主詞置於句子的後半部，避免整個句子頭重腳輕。其句型為“It (+ Aux) + be/V₂... to V₁....”。

例句

1. To arrive/Arriving at an airport where no one is waiting for you is one of the  loneliest things in the world.  (到達沒有人等待你的機場是世界上最寂寞的事情之一。)

2. To say/Saying is one thing, but to do/doing is another.  (說是一回事，做又是另一回事。)

3. To give/Giving a speech in public makes Brian nervous.

  → It makes Brian nervous to give a speech in public.   (公開演講讓Brian覺得緊張。)

2. S₁ + suggest + that + S₂ + (should) V....

說明：1. 此句型表示「建議某人應該做某事」的意思。動詞suggest後接that所引導的名詞子句當受詞，此子句中的助動詞should常被省略，所以不論何種時態或人稱，動詞一律用原形。

2. 如要表達否定，則把not加在子句的原形動詞前即可。

3. 其他類似用法的動詞尚有：recommend (推薦)、advise (勸告)、demand (要求)、order (命令)、insist (堅持)等。

例句

1. Juan Mann suggested that people around the world (should) join his “Free Hugs” campaign.

  (Juan Mann建議全世界的人都加入他的Free Hugs活動。)

2. Elsa’s stylist suggested that she (should) try a new hairstyle.  (Elsa的髮型設計師建議她嘗試新髮型。)

3. The waiter recommended that we (should) order roast beef.  (服務生推薦我們點烤牛肉。)

3. On (one’s) N/V-ing..., S + V....

說明：此片語表示「一……就……」，用來描述兩個發生時間很相近的動作。

例句

1. On his arrival at the airport, Juan noticed the excited faces of the people there.

  (一抵達機場，Juan就注意到在那裡的人們興奮的表情。)

2. On hearing the baby’s cry, Jenny woke up from her sleep.

(一聽到嬰兒的哭聲，Jenny就從睡夢中醒來。)

3. On reaching home, I checked my mailbox.  (一回到家，我就檢查信箱。)

4. S + make + O + V....

說明：make為使役動詞，表示「使……做某事，讓……做某事」之意，若受詞為主動發出動作者，其後須接原形動詞。

例句

1. What Mann experienced made him feel very sad and lonely. (Mann所經歷的事讓他感到非常難過和孤單。)

2. The clown’s funny tricks made the children laugh.  (小丑滑稽的把戲讓小孩們哈哈笑。)

3. Mother made me finish my homework before dinner.  (媽媽要我在晚餐前做完我的功課。)

5. S + V + what + S (+ Aux) + V....

說明：1. 此處的what為複合關係代名詞，在句中可作主詞、受詞或補語使用，表示「非特定的事物」，相當於the thing(s) which/that。

2. 複合關係代名詞兼具先行詞和關係代名詞的功用，可用來引導名詞子句；故句子中若沒有先行詞出現時，則需用複合關係代名詞what。

例句

1. Mann knew what might make these terrible feelings go away.

  → Mann knew the thing which/that might make these terrible feelings go away.

     (Mann知道有件事或許可以消除這些糟糕的情緒。)

2. What the girl needs most is love. → The thing that the girl needs most is love.(這個女孩最需要的是愛。)

3. I don’t know what I said yesterday hurt Nate. (我不知道昨天我說的事情傷害了Nate。)

  → I don’t know the thing which/that I said yesterday hurt Nate.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Alice told me ________ she really wanted was just a simple hug.

            (A) which              (B) what                   (C) that                  (D) ×

(　) 2. Ben’s selfishness made him ________ all his friends.

            (A) lose                 (B) to lose                (C) losing              (D) lost

(　) 3. Shopping on the Internet ________ popular these days.

            (A) become           (B) becomes             (C) to become       (D) becoming

(　) 4. The thing ________ happened to Helena changed her life.

            (A) what                (B) why                    (C) it                      (D) which

(　) 5. Ray’s mother suggested that he ________ more attention to his study.

            (A) to pay              (B) paying                (C) pay                  (D) pays

(　) 6. ________ entering the hotel room, I turned on all the lights.

            (A) If                     (B) Because              (C) On                   (D) For

(　) 7. Ms. Lee ________ her students write down every word that she said.

            (A) asked              (B) made                  (C) told                 (D) wanted

(　) 8. On ________ the report, Mark handed it in to his teacher.

            (A) finish               (B) finished              (C) being finished (D) finishing

(　) 9. ________ to the movies on weekends is my hobby.

            (A) Go                   (B) To go                  (C) Be going         (D) To going

(　) 10. The clerk ________ I buy the pink shoes to go with my dress.

            (A) hoped              (B) suggested           (C) needed            (D) wanted

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. With getting off the bus, Ed took off his jacket.

                                       (A)   (B)                                    (C)

(　) ____________ 2. The flowers in the room make Sally to feel pleasant.

                                                         (A)               (B)            (C)

(　) ____________ 3. You should be thankful for which your parents have done for you.

                                                                           (A)   (B)                           (C)

(　) ____________ 4. The doctor suggested that Rachel exercising every day.

                                                            (A)      (B)                  (C)

(　) ____________ 5. Make a plan is important for a long trip.

                                       (A)            (B)               (C)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. David的老闆命令他兩天之內完成工作。

David’s boss d_________________ that he _________________ the work in two days.

2. 那位影星一到達，所有的影迷都興奮地尖叫起來。

All the fans screamed with excitement _________________ the movie star’s _________________.

3. 父親的勸告讓我改變了心意。

Father’s advice _________________ me _________________ my mind.

4. 享受生活比賺大錢更重要。

_________________ your life is more important than _________________ a lot of money.

5. 蓋一個新的音樂廳要花很多錢。

_________________ _________________ a new concert hall will cost much money.

句型重點解析 UNIT 1.4

UNIT 1.4 

1. S + V/be (am/is/are)     S + V-ed/be (was/were)     S + will/be going to + V

說明：某個時間之中動作發生的狀態被稱為「時態」，「時態」中的「簡單式」表示「動作發生的事實」。「簡單式」又分為「現在簡單式」、「過去簡單式」和「未來簡單式」三種。以下為此三種「簡單式」常見的意義和動詞形式：

1. 現在簡單式：通常表示「日常習慣」、「一般的事實、不變的真理」或「現在的狀況、動作、心理狀態」。

               ‚第三人稱單數名詞作「主詞」時，動詞要加上“-s”或“-es”，其餘人稱均使用動詞原形。

2. 過去簡單式：通常表示「過往的經歷」或「過去曾有的習慣」。

               ‚動詞如果是規則變化，須加上“-ed”或“-ied”，如果是不規則變化，則須注意其過去式的動詞變化，例如go的過去式為went。

3. 未來簡單式：通常表示「未來的預期或計畫」。

               ‚所有人稱的動詞都可使用“will + V”，而“be going to + V”可替代“will + V”，表示「將要發生的動作」。

例句

1. The Amish men wear dark suits at all times, and the women never cut their hair.

  (阿米許男人總是穿著黑色套裝，而女人從不剪她們的頭髮。)

2. Long time ago, there lived a lonely king and his three daughters.

  (很久以前，那裡住著一位寂寞的國王和他的三個女兒。)

3. They will have a meeting at 4 p.m. today.  (他們將在今天下午四點舉行一場會議。)

2. One.... Another.... The other....   一……。另一……。還有一……。

說明：此句型常見的用法可分為下列三種：

1. “one... the other...”用以表示「討論的對象只有限定的二個」。

2. “one... another... the other...”用以表示「討論的對象只有限定的三個」。

3. “one... the other + 複數名詞...”可代換為“one... the others...”，表示「討論的對象是限定的多數」。

其他值得注意的是，one、another和the other也可當作代名詞使用。

例句

1. One group thinks it is OK to use electricity, telephones, and cars. Another group only uses them occasionally. The other group does not use them at all.  (有一群人認為使用電、電話和汽車沒有關係。另一群人只偶爾使用它們。還有一群人則是完全不使用它們。)

2. One of my parents is a writer, and the other is a doctor.  (我的父母有一位是作家，而另一位是醫生。)

3. If one part of the machine is off, the other parts will also stop.

  → If one part of the machine is off, the others will also stop.

     (如果這機器的一個部分關閉了，其他部分也將停止。)

3. S (+ Aux) + be + Vpp....

說明：此句型為被動語態(be + Vpp)，常在「做動作的對象不清楚或不重要」的情況下使用，將受詞(即接受動作的對象)變為主詞，而形成「被動」。

例句

1. The people are called the Amish.  (這些人被稱為阿米許人。)

2. For thousands of years, the tradition has been followed.  (數千年來，這個傳統一直被遵循著。)

3. Dave doesn’t like to be bothered at night.  (Dave晚上不喜歡被打擾。)

4. S + V... + without + N/V-ing.

說明：without 為介系詞，意為「沒有……」，其後須接名詞或動名詞，以形成介系詞片語。除了置於句尾之外，也可置於句首，但後面須加逗點。

例句

1. With cell phones, the Amish can talk to anyone anywhere without meeting face to face.

  (有了手機，阿米許人不需要見面就可以在任何地方和任何人說話。)

2. Matt left the living room without saying a word.   (Matt一言不發地離開了客廳。)

3. Without enough money, Chad can’t buy the new sneakers. (沒有足夠的錢，Chad無法買那雙新的運動鞋。)

5. Whether + S + V... (or not), S + V....   無論……與否

  S + V + whether + S + V... (or not).     是否……

說明：1. whether為一連接詞，後接子句。第一種句型的意思為「無論……與否」，表示「事情一定會發生」；而第二種句型中，whether子句接在及物動詞或介系詞之後當受詞，用以表示「不確定的狀況」。

2. whether子句後的or not可省略不寫。

3. 必須注意的是，如果whether子句為動詞的受詞時，可以用if代換whether，此時後面不接or not。

例句

1. Whether Amish people like to use modern technology (or not), it seems most of them just want to live in peace.  (無論阿米許人是否喜歡使用現代科技，大部分的人似乎都只想和平地生活。)

2. Whether Tom likes Helen (or not), he has to work with her.  (無論Tom是否喜歡Helen，他都必須跟她一起工作。)

3. We wonder whether Joe can come to the party (or not).

  → We wonder if Joe can come to the party.  (我們不知道Joe是否能來派對。)

實力評量

I. 判讀題：根據下列各題提示的動詞，填入正確的動詞時態。

____________ 1. I only remember that I ________ (fall) asleep quickly last night.

____________ 2. In my opinion, nature ________ (do) not belong to anybody.

____________ 3. Clark ________ (be) late for school again yesterday.

____________ 4. A language always ________ (change) with time.

____________ 5. Ruth hopes that her children ________ (understand) her some day.

II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. With my classmates’ help, the work ________ in time.

            (A) finishes           (B) is finishing         (C) finished           (D) was finished

(　) 2. There are two questions. ________ is difficult, and ________ is easy.

            (A) One; the other(B) One; another       (C) Some; other     (D) Some; the other

(　) 3. It is getting warmer; spring ________ soon.

            (A) comes              (B) came                   (C) was coming     (D) will come

(　) 4. I need to know ________ they will build a bridge here or not.

            (A) which              (B) whether              (C) that                  (D) ×

(　) 5. There are three colors in the traffic lights: ________ is red, ________ is yellow, and ________ is green.

            (A) one; another; other                           (B) one; another; the other

            (C) one; some; other                               (D) one; another; some

(　) 6. Nelson went to bed without ________ anything last night.

            (A) eat                   (B) ate                      (C) eating              (D) being eating

(　) 7. The church ________ two hundred years ago.

            (A) was built         (B) builds                 (C) built                 (D) was building

(　) 8. ________ Andy’s help, I couldn’t finish painting my room in one day.

            (A) Because          (B) Except                (C) With                (D) Without

(　) 9. ________ Lily likes it ________, she has to do the housework today.

            (A) What; or not                                    (B) What; or so

            (C) Whether; or not                                (D) Whether; or so

(　) 10. Only a small part of the toy car is metal, while ________ parts of it are actually plastic.

            (A) other               (B) another               (C) the other          (D) some

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 雖然換了衣服，這個小偷還是馬上被認出來。

Although the thief changed his clothes, he _________________ _________________ at once.

2. 這個小男孩沒穿鞋就跑出了房子。

The little boy ran out of the house _________________ _________________ his shoes.

3. 這兒有三份禮物。一份給你，一份給媽媽，還有一份給Jason。

Here are three presents. _________________ is for you, _________________ is for Mom, and _________________ _________________ is for Jason.

4. Howard正在猜測老闆是否會滿意他的報告。

Howard is guessing _________________ the boss will be satisfied with his report _________________ _________________.

5. 在現代世界中，搭乘馬車被認為是獨特的。

In the modern world, riding a carriage _________________ t_________________ to be unique.

句型重點解析 UNIT 1.3

UNIT 1.3

1. If + S + V..., S + Aux + V....

說明：此句型的意思為「如果……，那麼……」，if為表「條件」的從屬連接詞，句型中的主要子句為表示「現在或未來可能發生」的直說語氣，屬於真實條件句。在表示直說語氣時，if所引導的從屬子句須使用「現在簡單式」，而其主要子句則用助動詞 (will、can、may、should等) 加上原形動詞。

例句

1. If you live in Kaohsiung, you may already know about the Liuhe Night Market.

  (如果你住在高雄，你或許早已知道六合夜市了。)

2. If Kelly doesn’t show up at five, we should start off without her.

  (如果Kelly五點沒有出現，我們應該出發不等她了。)

3. If you continue making noise, you will be asked to leave the library.

  (如果你繼續製造噪音，你將會被要求離開圖書館。)

2. S + V...after/before/when/while + S + V.... → S + V...after/before/when/while + V-ing....

說明：此句型介紹從屬子句主詞的省略，並將之後的主動動詞轉為現在分詞(V-ing)。注意這組句型必須在主要子句和從屬子句的主詞相同時才能成立。

例句

1. You can try a variety of food while you stroll through Taiwan’s night markets.

  → You can try a variety of food while strolling through Taiwan’s night markets.

     (在臺灣的夜市裡閒晃時，你可以嘗試各式各樣的食物。)

2. Many tourists fall in love with pearl milk tea after they taste it.

  → Many tourists fall in love with pearl milk tea after tasting it.

     (許多遊客在品嚐過珍珠奶茶後就愛上了它。)

3. When I said I didn’t like you, I did not mean it. (當我說我不喜歡你時，我並不是認真的。)

  → When saying I didn’t like you, I did not mean it.

3. be known/famous    as

                                       for      以…聞名

說明：此兩片語皆用來表示「以……聞名」，但as 後面通常接「名字、名稱」或是「身分、職業」；而for 後面則接「一項事物或是一件事情」。搭配的動詞除了be動詞之外，也常用become。

例句

1. The area then became known/famous as the Shilin Night Market.  (這個區域然後就以士林夜市聞名。)

2. The restaurant has become known/famous for its fresh seafood.  (這間餐廳以它新鮮的海產而聞名。)

3. The town is known/famous for producing high-quality red wine.  (這個城鎮以生產品質優良的紅酒而聞名。)

4. S + has/have + Vpp

說明：1. 此句型為現在完成式的用法，常用來表示下列三種狀態：「動作剛完成或尚未完成」、「截至目前為止已有過或未有過的經驗」以及「過去一直持續到現在的動作或狀態」。

2. 現在完成式常與just、already、yet、ever、never、「since + 過去時間」或「for +一段時間」連用。

例句

1. The town has changed a lot in recent decades.  (這個城鎮在近幾十年來已經有了很大的轉變。)

2. Christine has already seen that movie for three times.  (Christine早已看過那部電影三次了。)

3. We have just finished our science report.  (我們剛剛完成了自然科學報告。)

5. the reason + that/why + S + V...   是…的原因

說明：that和why具有連接詞的作用，why為一關係副詞，that則為關係代名詞。兩者皆可用來引導形容詞子句，修飾表「原因」的先行詞the reason。

例句

1. Food is the main reason that so many people continue to go to the Shilin Night Market.　

  (食物是許多人持續去士林夜市的主要原因。)

2. You have to explain the reason why you’re late again.  (你必須要解釋你又遲到的原因。)

3. We don’t know the reason why Kevin moved back to live with his family.

  (我們不知道Kevin搬回去和家人同住的原因。)　

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. J. K. Rowling is famous ________ the writer of Harry Potter series.

            (A) of                    (B) at                        (C) for                   (D) as

(　) 2. If you ________ to me, I will be very angry.

            (A) lie                    (B) lied                     (C) will lie             (D) were lying

(　) 3. Catching a bad cold was the reason ________ Tim didn’t come to school.

            (A) because           (B) how                    (C) which              (D) why

(　) 4. If I ________ a one-week vacation, I ________ Seattle again.

            (A) have; will visit                                 (B) have; visit

            (C) had; visited                                      (D) will have; will visit

(　) 5. After ________ the report, I will send it to you by e-mail right away.

            (A) finished           (B) finishing             (C) I finished        (D) I will finish

(　) 6. The bookstore is known ________ selling various kinds of children’s books.

            (A) to                    (B) of                       (C) for                   (D) as

(　) 7. I ________ a headache since last Tuesday after I was hit by a basketball.

            (A) have                (B) had                     (C) was having      (D) have had

(　) 8. There were many reasons ________ Phebe and Peter had such a big fight.

            (A) that                 (B) what                   (C) where              (D) when

(　) 9. Larry ________ me yet. I’m still waiting for his call.

            (A) wasn’t called  (B) hasn’t called       (C) isn’t calling     (D) hadn’t called

(　) 10. Hebe drinks a glass of milk before ________ to bed every night.

            (A) go                    (B) going                  (C) goes                 (D) she going

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. The bad grades are not the reason because Karen feels upset.

                                                            (A)            (B)            (C)

(　) ____________ 2. Bali is known for a holiday resort (度假勝地).

                                          (A)   (B)   (C)

(　) ____________ 3. Dorothy goes out with Jake for five hours.

                                                   (A)         (B)         (C)

(　) ____________ 4. If Ms. Lin will think your report isn’t good enough, she will

                                                         (A)                           (B)                              (C)

                   ask you to rewrite it.

(　) ____________ 5. Mr. Johnson said nothing but sat quietly when got the bad news.

                                                                              (A)         (B)            (C)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 這個國家以它完善的福利制度聞名

The country is _______________ _______________ its good welfare system.

2. 在做任何重要決定前，請先三思。

Please think twice _______________ _______________ any important decisions.

3. 我和我最好的朋友已經認識有十五年之久了。

My best friend and I _______________ _______________ each other _______________ fifteen years.

4. 如果你需要幫助，你可以打電話給我們。

_______________ you _______________ help, you _______________ _______________ us.

5. 特效是我喜歡看科幻電影的原因。

Special effects are _______________ _______________ ______________ I like watching sci-fi movies.