句型重點解析 Unit 4.8

1. the more..., the more...                               越……，越……

說明：1. 此句型表示「越……，越……」，前半部為副詞子句，後半部為主要子句。

2. 若副詞子句以及主要子句中的動詞為be動詞，有時主詞及be 動詞會被省略。

例句

1. The fatter you were, the richer you were considered to be. (你越胖，就會被認為越富有。)

2. The more heavily it rained, the more slowly Ted drove. (雨下得越大，Ted 開車開得越慢。)

3. The older (you are), the wiser (you are). (年紀越大，越有智慧。)

2. S + would rather + V₁... + than + V₂....

說明：1. 此句型表示「寧願做V₁也不要做V₂」，其中V₁及V₂都須用原形動詞。

2. 若would rather和than後面接的兩個動詞一樣時，than 之後的動詞可省略。

例句

1. A few people would even rather have a poison called Botox injected into their faces than have any wrinkles. (有些人甚至寧願在臉上注射一種稱為肉毒桿菌的毒藥，也不要有皺紋。)

2. Lucy would rather stay at home than go out on weekends. (週末時，Lucy 寧願待在家裡也不想出門。)

3. I would rather eat nothing than (eat) the food my roommate cooks.

(我寧願什麼都不吃，也不要吃我室友做的菜。)

3. On the contrary, S + V....                          相反地，……

說明：1. on the contrary為表示轉折語氣的副詞片語，意指與前面敘述相反的情形。

2. on the contrary 通常放在句首，後須接完整的句子。

例句

1. During the Middle Ages in Europe, the rich didn’t have tans. On the contrary, their skin was usually pale.

(在中世紀的歐洲，富人們沒有棕褐色的皮膚。相反地，他們的皮膚通常很白。)

2. My mother’s health condition didn’t improve after treatment. On the contrary, it got worse.

(我媽媽的健康狀況在治療後並沒有改善。相反地，還越來越差。)

3. Josh is not a stingy person; on the contrary, he is generous with his money.

(Josh不是個吝嗇的人；相反地，他用錢大方。)

4. as Adj/Adv as possible                              盡可能地……

說明：此句型表示「盡可能地……」之意，as和as 中間須用形容詞或副詞原級。

例句

1. They would often cover up their bodies completely whenever they went out to make sure their skin stayed as light as possible.

(每當他們外出時，他們都會徹底遮住自己的身體來確保他們的皮膚盡可能地保持白皙。)

2. Emma ran as fast as possible, but she still missed the bus.

(Emma已經盡可能快跑了，但還是沒趕上公車。)

3. I try to keep my room as clean as possible. (我試著讓我的房間盡可能地保持乾淨。)

5. have + O + OC (Vpp)

說明

1. have為使役動詞，表示「使，讓」之意，當後面的受詞為「被動接受動作者」時，其後面要接過去分詞(Vpp) 作為受詞補語。

2. 若後面受詞為「主動發出動作者」，則受詞補語用原形動詞。

例句

1. Some common procedures include having fat removed from their bellies and having their eyes changed to look bigger. (常見的手術包括腹部抽脂以及改變眼型讓眼睛變得更大。)

2. I had my car washed for free at the gas station. (我在加油站免費洗了車子。)

3. The boss had his secretary arrange the meeting for him. (老闆讓他的秘書幫他安排會議事宜。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. The ________ you study, the ________ grades you will get.
(A) hard; good    (B) harder; better   (C) hard; better         (D) harder; good

(　) 2. We thought today would be a sunny day. ________, it rained the whole day.
(A) On the contrary                                  (B) In other words

           (C) On the one hand                                 (D) As a result

(　) 3. The teacher suggested the students check their answers as ________ as possible.
(A) more careful     (B) more carefully  (C) careful                  (D) carefully

(　) 4. Leo would rather ________ DVDs at home than ________ to a movie.
(A) watch; go                                           (B) watch; going      

            (C) watching; go                                      (D) watching; going

(　) 5. My father had his car ________ when he arrived at the high-class hotel.
(A) park                  (B) parked                 (C) parking                (D) to park

(　) 6. I don’t think you made a mistake; ________, I think you did the right thing.
(A) without a doubt                                 (B) after all
(C) last but not least                                 (D) on the contrary

(　) 7. The killer would rather ________ suicide than ________ caught by the police.
(A) committing; is                                    (B) commit; is          

            (C) commit; be                                         (D) committing; be

(　) 8. The mother had her sick child ________ some warm water.
(A) drink                (B) drinks                  (C) to drink               (D) drunk

(　) 9. The ________ the students finish the test, the ________ they can go home.
(A) soon; early                                          (B) sooner; early       

            (C) soon; earlier                                        (D) sooner; earlier

(　) 10. Our boss ordered us to get the job done as ________ as possible.          

              (A) quick                                                 (B) quicker               

(C) quickly                                              (D) more quickly

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. All parents want to keep their children as safer as possible.

(A)             (B)                (C) (D)

(　) ____________ 2. The older you grow, the poor your memory becomes.

(A)      (B)     (C)              (D)

(　) ____________ 3. I always have my clothes wash in the shop near my house once a week.

(A)                (B)           (C)         (D)

(　) ____________ 4. What you said wasn’t funny; in the contrary, it really offended me.

                   (A)          (B)       (C)                   (D)

 (　) ____________ 5. My aunt would rather stay single than marrying a man she doesn’t love.

(A)       (B)    (C)               (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 我們以為Charlie 已經完成他的作業。相反地，他根本就還沒開始。

We thought Charlie had finished his homework. ________________ ________________ ________________, he hasn’t even started yet.

2. Rebecca 和男朋友分手後，就把頭髮剪短了。

Rebecca had her hair ________________ after she broke up with her boyfriend.

3. 這間飯店藉由提供最好的服務來試著讓顧客感到盡可能地舒適。

The hotel tries to make its customers feel ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ by providing the best service.

4. 你車開得越快，就越危險。

The ________________ you drive, the ________________ ________________ it is.

5. 有些女人寧願餓肚子來變瘦，也不願意規律地運動。

Some women ________________ ________________ ________________ themselves to be thinner ________________ ________________ regularly.

句型重點解析 Unit 4.7

1. It + be (not) + Adj + that-clause

說明：1. 此句型用來表達事實或發表意見。it為虛主詞，真正的主詞為後面的that子句。

2. 常用於此句型中的形容詞有clear、true、strange、possible、wonderful、embarrassing、amazing等。

例句

1. It is clear that Shel Silverstein is one of the best-loved poets in modern American literature.

(很顯然地，Shel Silverstein是美國現代文學中最受到喜愛的詩人之一。)

2. It was strange that the man wore a heavy coat on a hot summer day.

(這名男子在炎熱的夏天裡穿著厚重的大衣真是奇怪。)

3. It is impossible that one can succeed without making any effort. (一個人沒有努力就能成功是不可能的。)

2. S + has/have + Vpp... + since + S + was/were/V-ed...

說明：1. 此句型用來表示從過去一個時間點持續到現在的動作或狀態。

2. 主要子句須用現在完成式，而由since所引導的時間副詞子句，動詞則用過去簡單式。

例句

1. Silverstein’s poems have been read and enjoyed by many Americans since they were children.

(很多美國人在他們小的時候就已經讀過且喜愛Silverstein的詩了。)

2. I haven’t seen my brother since our parents divorced. (自從父母離婚後，我就沒見過我哥哥了。)

3. Riding a bicycle has become a popular sport since more and more people realized the importance of environmental protection.

(自從越來越多人了解環保的重要性後，騎腳踏車就成為一項受歡迎的運動。)

3. one of + 複數名詞                                   ……其中之一

說明：1. 在此句型中，one為不定代名詞表示of 後面所接的名詞之一。這裡的名詞須用可數名詞複數形。

2. 若one of 加上複數名詞作主詞時，注意後面須搭配單數動詞。

例句

1. Shel Silverstein is one of the best-loved poets in modern American literature.

(Shel Silverstein是美國現代文學中最受到喜愛的詩人之一。)

2. Studying abroad is one of the most unforgettable experiences in my life.

(出國念書是我一生中最難忘的經驗之一。)

3. One of the students in my class never hands in homework on time.

(我班上的其中一個學生從來沒有準時交過作業。)

4. including + N/V-ing                               包括……在內

說明：此句型表示「包括……在內」，其中including為介系詞，後面須接名詞或動名詞。此外，這裡的including也可用inclusive of代替，句型寫成“inclusive of + N/V-ing”。

例句

1. Shel Silverstein has authored several collections of poetry, including classics like Falling Up and Where the Sidewalk Ends. 　

(Shel Silverstein撰寫過好幾本詩集，包括《往上跌了一跤》和《人行道的盡頭》等經典作品。)

2. My father is a man of wide interests, including drawing and fishing.

(我爸爸是個興趣廣泛的人，他的興趣包括畫畫和釣魚。)

3. All the people on the bus died in this accident, inclusive of the driver.

(公車上所有的人都在這場意外中喪生，包括司機。)

5. It + be + no/little/small wonder + that-clause

說明：1. 此句型表示「難怪……，怪不得……」，表達that子句中所陳述的事情是無庸置疑的。

2. it在此處為虛主詞，代替後面的that子句。

例句

1. It is no wonder that Silverstein’s poems are so popular with readers of all ages.

(難怪Silverstein的詩廣受各個年齡層讀者喜愛。)

2. It is little wonder that teenagers are easily influenced by their friends.

(怪不得青少年很容易被朋友影響。)

3. It was small wonder that the thief ran away when he saw the police.

(怪不得那個小偷看到警察就跑掉了。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Amber has learned to play the piano since she ________ five years old.
(A) has been      (B) is            (C) was                      (D) be

(　) 2. Taipei 101 is one of the tallest ________ in the world.
(A) build                 (B) builds                  (C) building               (D) buildings

(　) 3. I did many things during my winter vacation, including ________ on a trip to Europe.
(A) go                     (B) went                    (C) to go                    (D) going

(　) 4. It was ________ that my brother put his smelly socks on my face.
(A) disgusting        (B) disgustingly        (C) disgusted            (D) disgusts

(　) 5. Hank will move out. It is ________ that all his stuff has been packed.
(A) wonderfully     (B) wondering           (C) not wonder         (D) no wonder

(　) 6. One of my pet cats has been missing since it ________ out from home two days ago.
(A) ran                    (B) runs                     (C) run                       (D) was running

(　) 7. There are totally 30 students in my class, ________ myself.
(A) includes            (B) inclusive              (C) included              (D) including

(　) 8. I have had a bad headache ________ I got up this morning.
(A) since                 (B) ever                     (C) whenever            (D) for

(　) 9. Matt is kind and friendly. ________ is little wonder that he is popular with his classmates.
(A) Which              (B) It                         (C) What                   (D) That

(　) 10. It was ________ that I forgot my date’s name.

(A) embarrassed                                     (B) embarrassing      

(C) embarrassingly                                 (D) embarrass

II. 配合題：從下列框中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...my brother didn’t come home after school. (B) ...modern people can get information so easily. (C) ...since the first day they were born. (D) ...including starving herself for days. (E) ...one of the biggest chain stores in Taiwan.

____ 1. My sister tried everything she could to lose weight, ...

____ 2. The convenience store, 7-Eleven, is...

____ 3. It was strange that...

____ 4. Because of the Internet, it is no wonder that...

____ 5. Children have started to learn new things...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Cathy以前從來沒看過雪。怪不得她在韓國第一次看到雪這麼興奮。

Cathy had never seen snow before. ________________ was small ________________ ________________ she got so excited when she first saw snow in Korea.

2. 媽媽會盡全力保護孩子是很自然的。

_____________ is _____________ _____________ mothers would try their best to protect their children.

3. 要申請這份工作，你必須要具備很多技能，包括使用電腦以及說流利的英文。

To apply for the job, you have to equip yourself with many skills, ________________ ________________ a computer and ________________ English fluently.

4. 我最大的願望之一是去環遊世界。

________________ of my biggest ________________ ________________ to travel around the world.

5. 自從Gina 搬到美國後，我就沒有聽到她的消息。

I _____________ _____________ from Gina _____________ she _____________ to the United States.

句型重點解析 UNIT 4.6

1. S + Vt (keep/leave/find) + O + Adj

說明：1. keep、leave和find皆為不完全及物動詞，因此在受詞之後須加形容詞當補語，來補充說明受詞的狀況。

2. 在此句型中，keep和leave表示「使…保持…狀態」，而find表示「發現…處於…狀態」。

例句

1. Others found Beuys’s creations meaningful because his artwork strongly expressed his beliefs in humanism. (其他人發現Beuys的創作很有意義，因為他的藝術作品強烈表達出他的人本主義理念。)

2. I always drink some coffee in the morning to keep myself awake.

(我早上總是會喝一些咖啡來讓自己保持清醒。)

3. My roommate asked me to leave her alone because she was in a bad mood.

(我的室友要我不要打擾她，因為她心情不好。)

2. S + Aux + not + V... + until + S + V....

說明：until為連接詞，引導表時間的副詞子句，其主要子句須用否定句，表示「直到…才…」之意。

例句

1. Rahic Talif does not begin carving a piece of driftwood until he has imagined its history.

  (直到能想像出一塊漂流木的歷史之後，Rahic Talif才著手雕刻它。)

2. In the story, the spell would not be broken until the princess kissed the frog.

(在這故事中，直到公主親了青蛙之後，魔咒才被解除。)

3. The bully did not leave until I gave him all the money I had.

(這名惡霸直到我給了他身上所有的錢，他才離開。)

3. wh-clause + V...

說明：1. wh-子句為疑問詞所引導的名詞子句，可當作主詞置於句首；此句型中wh-子句為間接問句的用法，故須用直述句的語序。

2. 注意wh-子句當主詞視為整體，主要子句動詞須用單數形。

例句

1. What looked like a bunch of useless junk suddenly became a man and woman sitting back to back.

(原本看起來像一堆無用垃圾的東西，突然變成一對男女背對背坐著。)

2. What I really need right now is a good night’s sleep.  (我現在真正需要的是一夜好眠。)

3. Where Eric comes from still remains a mystery.  (Eric來自何方仍是個謎。)

4. some...others...

說明：1. 此句型用於提出眾多群體中非限定的兩組來做說明，但還有其他組未提及，表示「有些……另一些……」之意，其中others也可以用some代替。

2. 此句型中，some可視為代名詞，或是以some加上複數名詞，此時some則為形容詞；而others則可代換成other加上複數名詞。

例句

1. Some people might have thought that Beuys’s creations looked plain, but others found his creations meaningful. (有些人或許認為Beuys的作品看起來平淡無奇，但另一些人則認為他的創作很有意義。)

2. There are many kinds of books in the library. Some are novels, and others are comic books.

(在這間圖書館有很多種書。有些是小說，另一些是漫畫。)

3. Most students have their own favorite subject. Some like English. Others like math.  (大部分學生有他們自己最喜歡的科目。有些喜歡英文。另一些喜歡數學。)

5. A be viewed/seen/regarded/thought of as B                  A被視為B

說明：1. 此句型為被動語態用法，表示「A被視為、認為是B」之意，也可寫成主動，句型為“view/see/regard/think of A as B”。

2. 欲表示「A被視為B」之意，也可用動詞consider，其句型為“A be considered (to be) B”。

例句

1. Driftwood is normally viewed as worthless trash. (漂流木通常被視為是沒有價值的垃圾。)

2. Karen is regarded as the best student in my class. (Karen被認為是我班上最好的學生。)

3. Dogs are thought of as humans’ best friends. (狗被視為是人類最好的朋友。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Humans need water and air to keep themselves ________.
(A) alive        (B) life            (C) live                      (D) to living

(　) 2. A man can be seen ________ a real man when he is able to take responsibility (責任).
(A) to be                 (B) to                         (C) as                         (D) ×

(　) 3. What Ron told you ________ not true. Please don’t believe him.
(A) is                      (B) are                       (C) be                        (D) were

(　) 4. Mr. Robinson won’t sell the house ________ someone offers a good price.
(A) because            (B) until                     (C) since                    (D) than

(　) 5. My brother’s bed is piled with a lot of things. ________ are his magazines, and ________ are his dirty clothes.
(A) Some; other      (B) Some; others       (C) Others; some       (D) Other; some

(　) 6. After watching the movie, Gina found it rather ________.

(A) interest             (B) interests               (C) interested            (D) interesting

(　) 7. People have different hobbies. ________ like reading. ________ people enjoy watching movies.
(A) Some; Others   (B) Some; Other        (C) Others; Some      (D) Other; Some

(　) 8. What I can never understand ________ why Justin broke up with me.
(A) is                      (B) are                       (C) be                        (D) were

(　) 9. My brother ________ TV until he finishes his homework.
(A) watches            (B) not watches         (C) can watch            (D) can’t watch

(　) 10. I regarded Paul ________ my best friend in college.

(A) as                    (B) to be                    (C) by                        (D) ×

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. There are many foreign students in my school. Some are from Japan, and other are

                           (A)                           (B)               (C) (D)

from Korea.

(　) ____________ 2. I do believe the miracle until I see it by myself.

                   (A)                (B)   (C)    (D)

(　) ____________ 3. The human body is viewed to be a work of art in Greek and Roman culture.

(A)             (B)      (C)   (D)

(　) ____________ 4. What Dylan has done actually mean nothing to me.

(A)      (B)             (C)   (D)

(　) ____________ 5. My mother thought it dangerous for me to leave the door opening.

(A)   (B)           (C)           (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 警方仍然還不知道那殺人犯現在身藏何處。

___________ the killer is hiding now ___________ still unknown to the police.

2. Marcus維持規律運動來保持身體健康。

Marcus takes regular exercise to ___________ his body ___________.

3. 直到心臟出了毛病，Russell 才注意健康。

Russell did ___________ ___________ attention to his health ___________ his heart had some problems.

4. 紅色在中華文化裡被視為是幸運的顏色。

Red is t___________ ___________ ___________ a lucky color in Chinese culture.

5. 這間精神病院裡的病人正在做各式各樣奇怪的事。有些邊跑邊叫。另一些用頭去撞牆壁。

The patients in this mental hospital are doing different kinds of strange things. ___________ are running and screaming. ___________ are bumping their heads on the wall.