句型重點解析 UNIT 4.4

1. S + has/have/had + difficulty/trouble/a hard time + (in) V-ing

說明：此句型用以表示「在……方面有困難，很難做到……」。其後接介系詞in 再加上動名詞(V-ing)當作補語，但in常被省略而直接接V-ing。

例句

1. You may have difficulty (in) eating exotic cuisine.  (你可能覺得這些異國風味的菜餚難以下嚥。)

2. Nowadays, many parents have trouble (in) communicating with their teenage children.

  (現今，許多父母很難跟他們青春期的孩子溝通。)

3. The restaurant is so popular that we have a hard time (in) making a reservation.

(這間餐廳太有人氣，以至於我們很難訂到位。)

2. A + be + Adj-er/more Adj + than + B→ B + be + less Adj + than + A→ B + be + not + as Adj as + A

說明：第一個句型為形容詞比較級的用法，表示「A比B較為……」；而第二個句型是第一個的反向說法，為劣等比較，表示「B不比A……」；第三個則為形容詞原級比較的否定用法，表示「B不如A……」。

例句

1. Trying a small amount of everything first is wiser than filling your plate up with a lot of food.

(每種東西都先嚐一小口比起把你的盤子裝滿許多食物來得明智。)

→ Filling your plate up with a lot of food is less wise than trying a small amount of everything first.

(把你的盤子裝滿許多食物不比每種東西都先嚐一小口來得明智。)

→ Filling your plate up with a lot of food is not as wise as trying a small amount of everything first.

(把你的盤子裝滿許多食物不如每種東西都先嚐一小口來得明智。)

2. Reading a comic book is more interesting than reading a textbook.  (看漫畫比看教科書有趣。)

→ Reading a textbook is less interesting than reading a comic book.  (看教科書不比看漫畫有趣。)

→ Reading a textbook is not as interesting as reading a comic book.  (看教科書不如看漫畫有趣。)

3. Oliver is braver than his elder brother.  (Oliver比他的哥哥勇敢。)

→ Oliver’s elder brother is less brave than Oliver.  (Oliver的哥哥沒有Oliver這麼勇敢。)

→ Oliver’s elder brother is not as brave as Oliver.  (Oliver的哥哥不像Oliver這麼勇敢。)

3. S + V... + whatever (S) + V....                    ……任何，無論什麼……

說明：whatever為複合關係代名詞，代替的是anything that；在子句中可當作主詞或受詞用。

例句

1. It is diplomatic to take a bite of whatever is being served to you in order not to offend.  (為了不冒犯別人，嚐一口供應在你面前的食物是一種得體的作法。)

2. The baby girl puts whatever she sees on the table in her mouth.

(小女嬰把任何她在桌上看到的東西塞進嘴裡。)

3. Dora will pay for whatever is related to Hello Kitty.  (Dora會掏錢買任何和凱蒂貓有關聯的東西。)

4. A be considered (to be) B                     A被認為(或視為)是B

說明：此被動語態句型表示「A被認為(或視為)是B」，B可以是名詞或形容詞，而to be可以省略。

例句

1. A tourist is considered (to be) someone who just travels around on a tour bus that is full of people from his or her own country.  (所謂的遊客被認為是只和自己的同鄉共乘遊覽車四處遊覽的人。)

2. A smile is considered (to be) a universal language.  (微笑被認為是全世界共通的語言。)

3. In the past, a man with a huge belly was considered (to be) rich.(在過去，有大肚子的男性被認為很有錢。)

5. A rather than B                                  是A而不是B

說明：rather than用來連接兩個文法上有對等關係的字詞，表達「而不是……」之意，其後可接名詞、形容詞、副詞和動名詞等。此外，rather than通常可以和instead of替換使用，但需注意instead of後面只能接名詞或動名詞。

例句

1. It is the thought rather than the taste that stops you from enjoying the meal.

(是你的想法而非味道讓你無法享用那樣餐點。)

2. Kyle bought that expensive car out of waste rather than necessity.(Kyle買那輛昂貴的車子是出於浪費而非需要。)

3. Your brother, Vincent, is lazy rather than stupid.  (你的弟弟Vincent是懶惰而不是笨。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. People who don’t do exercise are ________ than those who do.
(A) healthy       (B) less healthy    (C) less healthier        (D) not as health

(　) 2. We had difficulty ________ into the department store when it was having a sale.
(A) get                    (B) to get                   (C) getting                 (D) to getting

(　) 3. Since you have finished your homework, you are free to do ________ you want.
(A) whatever          (B) anything what     (C) anyone who        (D) whoever

(　) 4. My parents always encourage me ________ scold (責罵) me when I make mistakes.
(A) instead of         (B) rather than           (C) instead than        (D) rather of

(　) 5. Cows are ________ sacred in India.
(A) considering to being                          (B) considered to being

(C) considering to be                                (D) considered to be

(　) 6. It was Mary’s kind heart ________ her look that made me fall in love with her.
(A) instead             (B) rather than           (C) as soon as            (D) rather of

(　) 7. The writer’s new book is ________ his last one. I like the last one better.
(A) not as interesting as                           (B) less interesting as

(C) more interesting than                         (D) as interesting as

(　) 8. Heather is ________ one of my best friends in high school.
(A) considered to be                                (B) considering to be

(C) considered to being                            (D) considering to being

(　) 9. Sam likes the girl so much that he may do ________ she says.
(A) that                   (B) what anything     (C) anything what     (D) whatever

(　) 10. My brother has trouble ________ the writing on the blackboard without his glasses.

(A) in seeing         (B) in see                   (C) to seeing              (D) to see

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. John had a hard time in make himself understood.

                       (A)         (B) (C)           (D)

(　) ____________ 2. Facebook is considered to being one of the most popular social networking services.

                              (A)      (B)          (C)                           (D)

 (　) ____________ 3. Henry likes to tell lies, so I don’t believe what anything he says.

(A)             (B)        (C)         (D)

 (　) ____________ 4. Sheila was curious rather of afraid when seeing the strange light.

(A)       (B) (C)        (D)

 (　) ____________ 5. To me, money is not as valuable than true love.

(A)           (B) (C)       (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Ron是如此地頑固，以至於我們很難說服他改變心意。

Ron is so stubborn that we had ________ ________ ________ p________ him to change his mind.

2. 冬天裡的食物很少，所以動物們吃任何牠們能找到的東西。

There is little food in winter, so animals eat ________ they can find.

3. 瑜珈被視為是一種可以幫助放鬆身心的運動。

Yoga is ________ ________ ________ a type of exercise that can help relax both one’s body and mind.

4. 這部電影是根據真實事件而不是虛構的小說所改編。

This movie is based on a true story ________ ________ an imaginary fiction.

5. Jessica雖然外表不比Ashley吸引人，但在個性上她比Ashley和善。

Although Jessica is ________ attractive ________ Ashley in appearance, she is ________ friendly ________ Ashley in personality.