1. S + Vt + O + by +
N/V-ing....
說明：1. 此句型為S + Vt + O的衍生用法，即在S + Vt + O之後加上by所引導的介系詞片語，以作為補充說明之用。
2. by +
N/V-ing表示「藉由……，透過……」。
例句
1. Igbo people in Nigeria
(奈及利亞的伊格博人藉由拍手來迎接新年。)
2. We finally reached Finland
3. Please tell the assistant to send the package by express. (請告訴助理以快遞寄送這個包裹。)
2. It + be + Adj (+ for
someone) + to V....
說明：此句型中的it為虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞to V...。而for someone通常置於句中，且在to V之前；但也可依需要放在句首，或者被省略。
例句
1. It is important for the Japanese to wake up early to see the
first sunrise of the year.
(對日本人來說，早起看一年的第一個日出是很重要的。)
2. It is common for me to have dinner after 8 p.m. (對我來說，在八點以後吃晚餐是稀鬆平常的事。)
3. For drivers, it is very dangerous to exceed the speed limit. (對駕駛人來說，超速是非常危險的。)
3. ...as + Adj/Adv + as...
說明：1. 此句型表示「和……一樣……」之意，為以形容詞 (Adj) 或副詞 (Adv) 原級來表示兩者在某方面相等的比較。第一個as 是副詞，用來修飾後面的形容詞或副詞，第二個as 是連接詞，引導副詞子句。
2. 當主要子句的動詞為be動詞或連綴動詞時，須接形容詞原級；若為一般動詞時，則接副詞原級。
3. 第二個as所引導的子句與主要子句重覆的部分可以省略。
例句
1. In Russia , New
Year’s Eve is as important as Christmas in the United States
(在俄羅斯，除夕和美國的聖誕節一樣重要。)
2. Gabriel speaks English as well as Ted (does). (Jimmy英文說得和Ted一樣好。)
3. Zack sounded as cold as ice is. (Zack 的聲音變得和冰一樣冷。)
4. as a way of + V-ing... 作為…的方式
說明：a way of加上V-ing表示「……的方法或方式」，前面加上介系詞as，有「當作」之意，所以整個片語的意思為「作為……的方式」。
例句
1. The Japanese eat buckwheat noodles as a way of sending
away the old year.
(日本人以吃蕎麥麵的方式送走舊的一年。)
2. Frank sends e-mails as a way of keeping in touch
with his friends in Canada
(Frank以寄電子郵件作為和他在加拿大的友人保持聯絡的方式。)
3. They set a large playground as a way of attracting
kids.
(他們設置一個大型的遊樂區作為吸引孩童的方式。)
5. sb + spend + 時間／金錢
說明：1. spend的主詞必須為「人」，後接「時間」表示「度過、消磨或花費(時間)」；若接「金錢」則表示「花費(錢)」。
2. 若要表示花時間或錢「在某事物上」，介系詞用on，即sb + spend + 時間／金錢 + on + N；若要表示「做某事」，後面動詞須改為動名詞(V-ing)，即sb + spend + 時間／金錢 + V-ing。
例句
1. Most Japanese adults spend a quiet day at home on
New Year’s Day.
(大部分的日本成年人在元旦時會在家度過安靜的一天。)
2. Irene often spends lots of money on clothes
and cosmetics. (Irene通常花很多錢在衣服和化妝品上。)
3. Barbara has spent two weeks reading that
novel. (Barbara已經花了兩個禮拜閱讀那本小說。)
實力評量
|
A. as B. by C. for D. of E. on
|
( ) 1. Stella usually goes to work ________ train.
( ) 2. I think it’s very difficult ________ Andy to get up before 6 a .m.
( ) 3. It is good ________ you to exercise every day.
( ) 4. Roy
( ) 5. Spending two thousand dollars ________ that umbrella sounds
crazy.
( ) 6. It’s impossible to make your dream come true just ________
thinking about it.
( ) 7. Tilla gave me a homemade cake ________ a way of welcoming me.
( ) 8. Jeremy spent four days ________ his final report.
( ) 9. Owen has his own special way ________ dealing with problems.
( ) 10. Kelly sings ________ beautifully as her mother.
II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。
( ) 1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith spent two days ________ up their house.
(A) clean (B) cleaned (C)
to clean (D) cleaning
( ) 2. It is common for me ________ a glass of water after I get up.
(A) drink (B) drinking (C)
to drink (D) by drinking
( ) 3. I have won Mrs. Sinise’s trust ________ for her all these
years.
(A) in work (B) with working (C)
to work (D) by working
( ) 4. Should I send this letter ________ airmail?
(A) by (B) with (C)
in (D) on
( ) 5. Paul has become as ________ as his father.
(A) strongly (B) stronger (C)
strong (D) strongest
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 對我來說，造訪一直夢想要去的地方是美好的。
__________________
me, __________________ w__________________ __________________
v__________________ the place that I have always dreamed of going to.
2. Bennett先生以在馬戲團裡擔任魔術師維生。
Mr. Bennett
earns his living __________________ __________________ a magician in a circus.
3. 我的腳踏車和Fred的一樣貴。
My bike is
__________________ __________________ __________________ Fred’s.
4. 你打算在哪裡度過你的暑假？
Where do you
plan to ________________ ________________ ________________ v_______________?
5. 對那些小孩子來說，聽懂這個故事是容易的嗎？
Was
_________________ _________________ _________________ those kids to understand
this story?
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