句型重點解析 UNIT 3.2

1. S₁ + advise/insist/order/demand/require + that + S₂ (+ should) + V....

說明1. 表示建議、堅持、命令、要求等意思的動詞，後面所接的that子句中助動詞should常省略，故子句中的動詞須為原形動詞。

2. 此句型中的常見動詞有：suggest、advise表示「建議」，insist表示「堅持」，order表示「命令」及demand、require表示「要求」。

3. that子句如需表達否定意義，則須把not加在原形動詞之前；若為被動語態，則為be動詞加過去分詞(Vpp)。

例句

1. The doctor advised that I (should) take good care of my mother. (醫生建議我應該好好照顧我媽。)

2. The customer demanded that his meal (should) be served immediately. (顧客要求餐點要立刻上桌。)

3. The tour guide suggested that the tourists (should) not bring too much cash with them.  (導遊建議旅客不要帶太多現金在身上。)

2. If + S + were/V₁-ed/Aux + V₁..., S + would/could/should/might + V₂....

說明1. 此句型為假設語氣用法，用來敘述「與現在事實不符或不可能會發生」的事。

2. 在if所引導的條件子句中，如果是一般動詞，要使用過去簡單式；但如果是be動詞，則無論主詞人稱為何，都必須使用were。

例句

1. If my mom didn't have Otto's love, she wouldn't be so healthy now.

(如果我媽媽沒有Otto的愛，她現在不會如此健康。)

2. If you were not smart enough, you could not pass such a difficult exam.

(如果你不夠聰明的話，你沒辦法通過這應困難的測驗。)

3. If Wendy disliked the guy, she would not chat with him.

(如果Wendy不喜歡這個人，他就不會和他聊天。)

3. It + be + Adj + that + S + V....

說明在此句型中，that引導的子句為句子的真主詞，但因過長，為避免句子出現頭重腳輕的狀況故常以虛主詞it代替，而將that子句放到句子的後面。

例句

1. It was important that I did the same for my mother. (我以同樣的方式對待我母親是重要的。)

2. It is wonderful that our friendship has lasted for such a long time.(我們的友誼維持這麼長一段時間是美好的。)

3. It was very impolite that you took my books away without asking me first.

(你沒有先問我就拿走我的書是很沒禮貌的。)

4. Instead of + V₁-ing, S + V₂.... → S + do/does/did not V₁.... Instead, S + V₂....沒有……，反而……

說明1. of是介系詞，後面可以接名詞或代名詞；若要接動詞，必須把動詞改成動名詞(V-ing)。

2. instead of後面接的為「沒有或不會做的事」。

3. instead為副詞，可以放在句子的前面、中間或後面。和instead of不同的是，有instead的句子則表示「有或會做的事」。

例句

1. Instead of running away, Otto jumped onto the end of my mother's bed.

→ Otto didn't run away. Instead, he jumped onto the end of my mother's bed.

     (Otto沒有逃跑，反而跳上我媽媽的床尾。)

2. Instead of being made of animal fur, the clothes were made from natural fibers.

→ The clothes were not made of animal fur. Instead, they were made from natural fibers.  (這些衣服並非使   用動物毛皮，而是以自然纖維製成。)

3. Instead of crying, the baby girl smiled at very stranger.

→ The baby girl didn't cry. Instead, she smiled at every stranger.

     (這個女寶寶沒有哭泣，反而對每個陌生人微笑。)

5. despite +   N/V-ing

           the fact that...  儘管……，雖然……

說明1. despite為介系詞，後面可接名詞(N)、名詞子句或是動名詞(V-ng)。

2. 若要加上子句時，可用despite the fact引導that子句。

3. in spite of與despite意思一樣，後面也可接名詞(N)或動名詞(V-ing)

例句

1. Despite what the doctors had said, my mother is still here with her faithful companion. (儘管醫生所過說的，我媽媽仍然健在，和她最好的朋友在一起。)

2. Despite her sore throat, the singer gave an excellent performance.

  (儘管喉嚨痛，這名歌手仍呈現絕佳的演出。)

3. I went to the movies with my friends despite the fact that my mom didn't let me go out. (儘管我媽媽不讓我出門，我仍然和朋友們去看電影。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1.The salesperson suggested that Kelly ＿＿＿＿＿ on the pair of shoes.

      (A) trying                 (B) to try                      (C) tried                       (D) try

(　) 2.＿＿＿＿＿ John's good performance in the interview, he wasn't accepted by the school.

      (A) Instead                (B) In spite                     (C) About                     (D) Despite

(　) 3.The doctor advised that my father ＿＿＿＿＿ medicine before meals.

      (A) not taking           (B) not take                   (C) not to take               (D) to not take

(　) 4. Viola ＿＿＿＿＿ at least a cup of coffee every day if she ＿＿＿＿＿ a dislike for coffee.

      (A) drank; had       (B) drank; has                (C) wouldn't drink; had         (D) wouldn't drink; has

(　) 5.It is ＿＿＿＿＿ that you can come to my birthday party.

      (A) greatly              (B) great                     (C) greatness               (D) greatest

(　) 6.If I ＿＿＿＿＿ my mind, I ＿＿＿＿＿ that stupid man.

      (A) lost; might marry                                  (B) lose; would marry 

(C) will lose; may marry                                (D) lost; will marry

(　) 7.It is ＿＿＿＿＿ that all of you have already passed the exam.

      (A) better                      (B) greatly                    (C) good                 (D) well

(　) 8.＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ the reason, Richard still can't make his idea clear.

     (A) Despite; explaining                                  (B) Despite of; explaining

     (C) In spite of; explain                                  (D) In spite; explaining

(　) 9.The student didn't go to school. ＿＿＿＿＿, she went shopping.

      (A) Instead              (B) Instead of               (C) Despite                    (D) In spite of

(　) 10. Julie told her father the truth instead of ＿＿＿＿＿ it from him.

      (A) to hide                (B) hide                        (C) hidden                     (D) hiding

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ＿＿＿＿＿ 1. Roy tried to keep smiling despite of great anger.
(A)  (B)    (C)          (D)

(　) ＿＿＿＿＿ 2. It will be greatly that the old machine in the factory can be changed.
(A)      (B)             (C)                     (D)

(　) ＿＿＿＿＿ 3. The king ordered that every house in his country is painted red.
(A)   (B)                      (C) (D)

 (　) ＿＿＿＿＿ 4. If Leo knows what he did was wrong, he would say sorry to you.

(A)  (B)                     (C)        (D)

(　) ＿＿＿＿＿ 5. Instead dressing up as a ghost, Kate scared us by telling us a ghost story.
(A)             (B)           (C)      (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1.人們在危難時只想到自己是正常的。

  _______________ _____________ common __________ people only think of themselves when in danger.

2.如果Tom沒通過入學考試，就不會在這學校就讀。

  If Tom ____________ ____________ the entrance examination, he ____________ ____________ ____________ at this school.

3.老師要求我寫下他在課堂上說過的話。

  My teacher required that I _______________ down what he had said in class.

4.這支軍隊沒有被擊潰，反而贏得了這場戰爭。

  _______________ _______________ _______________ beaten out, the army won the war.

5.儘管戰爭可能發生，和平仍然值得爭取。

  ____________ ___________ ___________ ___________ wars may happen, peace is still worth fighting for.