Unit 4
1.It + be + 被強調部分 + that....
說明 此為強調句型，將要強調的部分放在It + be和that之間來突顯重要性。此句型中的that不可省略，強調部分為人且為主格時則可用who替代。
例句 1. I realized giftgiving customs are very
different around the world then.
→ It was
then that I realized giftgiving customs are very different
around the world. (那時我才意識到世界各地的送禮習俗很不一樣。)
2. Aaron told me the truth.
→ It was Aaron
that/who told me the truth. (告訴我真相的是Aaron。)
3. The heavy rain had the baseball game cancelled.
→ It was the heavy rain
that had the baseball game cancelled.
(大雨使得棒球賽被取消。)
練習 1. Sam fell in love with Marie.
→ It was Marie that Sam fell in love with .
2. Cassidy broke the
school computer.
→ It was the school computer that Cassidy
broke .
2. It + be +
Adj + of sb + to V....
說明 1 此句型中，真正的主詞是後面的不定詞片語，it為虛主詞，代替原本過長的主詞。
2 形容詞須用修飾人格特質的形容詞，如：rude、smart、kind、nice、brave、stupid、sweet、honest等。
例句 1. It was really rude of me to give
chrysanthemum to her family as a gift.
(我送菊花給她的家人作為禮物真是無禮。)
2.
It was kind of Cindy to help me deal with the problem.
(Cindy真是好心，幫助我處理這個問題。)
3.
It was brave of Gloria to fight against the robber.
(Gloria對抗強盜真是勇敢。)
練習 1. Trevor was sweet.
Trevor made a birthday cake for his mother. (合併句子)
It was sweet of Trevor to make a birthday cake for his mother.
2. Amy was nice.
Amy helped me with my math homework. (合併句子)
It was nice of Amy to help me
with my math homework.
3. S + V1..., V2ing....
說明 此句型為省略對等連接詞and和其後子句主詞而形成的分詞構句，用來表達附帶動作或兩個動作發生的順序。注意這樣的省略只能在 and 所連接的兩個子句的主詞相同時才能成立。除了省略 and 及其後子句的主詞外，還需將該子句的主動動詞改為現在分詞。
例句 1. We were at Casey’s place, and we were
celebrating her first birthday in America.
→
We were at Casey’s place, celebrating her first birthday in America.
(我們在Casey家，慶祝著她在美國的第一個生日。)
2. My
brother walked around the house, and he was looking for
his keys.
→
My brother walked around the house, looking for his keys.
(我哥哥在屋子裡四處走動，尋找著他的鑰匙。)
3.
Harry gives Yvonne a red rose, and he tells her he loves
her.
→
Harry gives Yvonne a red rose, telling her he loves her.
(Harry給Yvonne一支紅玫瑰，跟他說他愛她。)
練習 1. Larry sat
on the sofa, and he watched TV. (以分詞構句改寫)
Larry sat on the sofa, watching
TV.
2. Amelia stood in front
of the class, and she introduced herself.
(以分詞構句改寫)
Amelia stood in front of the
class, introducing herself.
4. in spite
of + N/the fact (that)...
說明 in spite of 後面加名詞、動名詞或the fact that引導的名詞子句，用來表示「儘管……」。In spite of 也可以用despite代替。
例句 1. In spite of our different cultural
backgrounds, we immediately became friends.
(儘管我們的文化背景不同，我們馬上變成了朋友。)
2. Peter was satisfied with his own performance in
spite of the fact that he lost the game. (儘管Peter輸了比賽，他對自己的表現感到滿意。)
3. Nicole went swimming in spite of the
cold weather.
(儘管天氣寒冷，Nicole還是去游泳。)
練習 1. Eric原諒了Doris，儘管她欺騙了他。
Eric
forgave Doris in
spite of the fact that she
lied to him.
2. 儘管年事已高，Peterson太太每天早上去慢跑。
Mrs.
Peterson goes jogging every morning in spite of her old age.
5....N, +
who/whom/which...,
說明 1 此句型為非限定用法的關係子句，用來說明對象很明確的先行詞，前面須有逗點隔開，且關係子句省略後主句的意義仍然完整。
2 此句型中的關係代名詞不可省略，且關係代名詞that不適用於此句型。
例句 1. My sister, who works in an overseas
company, once made a similar mistake.
(我在海外公司工作的姐姐有一次犯了類似的錯誤。)
2.
I ran into Diana, whom I hadn’t seen in 2 years.
(我遇到和我兩年沒見面的Diana。)
3. Venice, which
is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, is William’s favorite city. (世界最美城市之一的威尼斯是William最喜歡的城市。)
練習 1. 這間建造於18世紀的寺廟是台灣最著名的觀光景點之一。
The temple, which was built
in the 18th century, is one of the most famous attractions in Taiwan.
2.
Sally認識了很久的Ted下個月要結婚了。
Ted, whom Sally has known for a long time, is
getting married next month.
實力評量
I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。
( D )1. was my wallet I lost on the train.
(A)
What; so (B) Which; than (C) There; as (D) It; that
( C )2. Elisa, has just founded her own company, is an excellent
designer.
(A)
that (B) whom (C) who (D) which
( A )3. It is rude Bruce his father in public.
(A)
of; to offend (B) of; offending (C) for; offending (D) for; to offend
( C )4. Sun Moon Lake, is one of the Eight Wonders of Taiwan, stands in
central Taiwan.
(A)
who (B) whom (C) which (D)
that
( B )5. was Shane gave me a phone call last night.
(A)
This; × (B) It; who (C) It; which (D)
This; what
( A )6. It was sweet Karen me up when I was upset.
(A)
of; to cheer (B) for; cheer (C) of; cheer (D)
for; to cheer
( D )7. Adam stood in front of the school gate, for his mother to come.
(A)
waits (B) wait (C) to wait (D)
waiting
( C )8. Ricky never gave up his dream the fact that he was met with many difficulties.
(A)
in despite (B) in spite (C) in spite of (D) despite of
( A )9. Jessica called her mother, her the good news.
(A)
telling (B) tell (C) tells (D)
to tell
( B )10. Greg went to work his bad cold.
(A)
in despite (B) in spite of (C) despite of (D) in spite
II. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 我是在學校圖書館裡和我女朋友第一次相識的。
It was in the school library that I first met my girlfriend.
2. 讓Harris先生想起他的高中時代的是這張照片。
It was this picture that reminded
Mr. Harris of his high school days.
3. Fred放低音量，試著不吵醒他的母親。
Fred talked in a low voice, t trying not to wake his mother up.
4.這幅由一位著名藝術家創作的畫以高價賣出了。
The painting, which was created by a famous artist, was
sold at a very high price.
5.Kim微笑著，儘管她生氣。
Kim smiled in spite of her anger.
III. 整句式翻譯：將下列中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文。
1. Frank從圖書館偷了一本書真是愚蠢。
It was stupid of Frank to steal a book from the library.
2. Mark借我他的相機真是好心。
It was nice of Mark to lend me his camera.
3. 我父母給我的生日禮物正是一支智慧型手機。
It was a smartphone that my parents gave me as a birthday gift.
4. Leo向我揮手，在對街喊著我的名字。
Leo waved at me, shouting my name across the street.
5. Bryan留著他的舊電腦，儘管它已經壞了。
Bryan kept his old computer in spite
of the fact that it was broken.
