Grammar
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1.
過去分詞片語：N + who / which / that + be Vpp… à N + Vpp... |
→
過去分詞片語由限定用法的關係子句簡化而來。關係子句為被動語態時，可省略關係代名詞及be動詞，只保留過去分詞 (Vpp) 來修飾先行詞 (N)。
例：Joan was impressed by the
classical painting which / that was
exhibited in the museum.
→ Joan was impressed by the
classical painting exhibited in the museum.
Joan對於那幅在博物館中展出的古典畫感到印象深刻。
Reports which / that are not handed in by this week will not be
accepted.
→ Reports not handed in
by this week will not be accepted.
未在這週以前繳交的報告將不會被接受。
練習：根據句型改寫句子。
1.
The ingredients which are used in the café are of high quality.
_________________________________________________________________________
2.
Joe was happy to be one of the players who were chosen to represent his
country.
_________________________________________________________________________
|
neither A nor B |
→ 1. 對等連接詞either A or B表示「不是A就是B」；而neither A nor B則表示「既不是A也不是B」，且本身已有否定意味，所以不再加否定詞。
2. A和B兩者的詞類必須一致。
3. 當A和B作句子的主詞時，其後動詞的單複數變化須和最靠近的主詞一致。
例：The clerk suggests Ethan choose either green tea or black tea to go with the
meal.
店員建議Ethan選擇綠茶或紅茶來搭配餐點。
Neither John nor Bill will attend the meeting
this morning.
John和Bill都不會參加今早的會議。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)
1. 那位老師將會要求Joe或者Linda參加科學展覽。
The teacher will ask ____________________
the science fair.
2.
在得知真相以後，Frank並不感到驚訝或者生氣。
Frank was ____________________
after learning of the truth.
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3 the Adj-er
(+ N) / Adv-er…, the Adj-er (+ N) / Adv-er…. |
→
1. 此句型表示「越……，越……」，the後面接形容詞比較級或副詞比較級，形容詞和副詞用法可以搭配混用。
2. 當動詞為be動詞且句意明確時，有時可省略主詞及be動詞。
例：The more you engage with
cyberbullies, the worse it is likely to become.
越與網路霸凌者接觸，事情可能會變得越糟。
The closer we get to the
mountaintop, the cooler the weather becomes.
我們越靠近山頂，天氣變得越涼爽。
The more, the merrier.
多多益善。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)
1. Mark越努力工作，他學到的將會越多。
__________ Mark works, __________ he
will learn.
2. Margret讀得書越多，她便能讀得越快。
__________ Margaret reads, __________
she can read.
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4 複合關係代名詞：what |
→
此處what為複合關係代名詞，用來引導關係子句，兼具先行詞和關係代名詞的功用，表示「非特定的事物」，相當於the thing (s) which /
that。由what引導的關係子句為名詞，通常在句子中做為主詞、受詞或是補語。
例：Let the bullies know that the things that they have said will not
affect you.
→ Let the bullies know
that what they have said will not
affect you.
讓霸凌者知道他們所說的話並不會影響到你。
Sally was grateful for the things which the homeroom teacher has
taught her.
→ Sally was grateful for what the homeroom teacher has taught
her.
Sally很感謝班導師所教她的事。
Diligence and patience are the things that are required to master
a skill.
→ Diligence and patience
are what are required to master a
skill.
勤勉和耐心是精通一項技能所需要的特質。
練習：根據句型改寫句子。
1.
May immediately called the police to report the things that had happened.
→
______________________________________________________________________
2.
Victor knew exactly the things that his boss is going to say.
→
______________________________________________________________________
|
5 keep
/ prevent / protect / stop + sb + from + N / V-ing |
→
此句型用來表示「使……免於……」。常見的動詞包括keep表示「防止」、prevent表示「防止」、protect表示「保護」、stop表示「阻止」等。
例：If you are the victim of cyberbullying,
here are some tips to protect yourself
from further attacks.
如果你是網路霸凌的受害者，這裡有一些保護自己免於受到進一步攻擊的訣竅。
Emma changed the
settings on Instagram to prevent strangers
from making nasty remarks.
Emma在Instagram上修改設定，來防止陌生人留下惡意評論。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)
1.
口罩有助防止病毒的傳播。
Face masks help __________ the virus __________ spreading.
2.
颱風使得Tracy沒辦法去上班。
The typhoon ____________________.
