B4 U3 Sentence Patterns

Unit 3

1. It + take (+ O) + time + to V....

說明 此句型表示「做某事須花費(某人)多少時間」，其中的it是虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞(to V)。而take在此表示「花費(時間)」，後接受詞(O)，受詞有時可省略。

例句 1. It took nature only a few seconds to change millions of people's lives forever.

(大自然只花了幾秒鐘時間，就使數百萬人的生活永遠改變。)

2. It will take us a whole week to clean up the mess.

(清理這團亂需要花上我們一整個星期的時間。)

3. It takes about ten minutes to ride a bike to the post office.

(騎腳踏車到郵局需要花大約十分鐘的時間。)

練習 1. Aaron spent two hours driving from Taipei to Taichung.　(改寫句子)

→                                                                 

2. The writer spent three years writing her new book.　(改寫句子)

→                                                                 

2. If + S + had (not) Vpp..., S + would/could/should/might (not) + have Vpp....

說明 此為與過去事實相反的假設語氣用法，用來表示假設的情況「與過去事實不符」，由if所引導的子句用過去完成式，而主要子句則須在過去式助動詞之後接完成式。

例句 1. If Michael Jackson hadn't written the original song, the new version might never have been recorded.

(假如麥可‧傑克森當時沒有寫下原曲，新的版本可能就永遠不會被錄製了。)
2. If I hadn't studied hard, I wouldn't have passed the exam.

(假如我當時沒有認真唸書，我就無法通過考試了。)

3. If the boy had gotten lost in the forest, he could have been attacked by the wolves.　(假如當時男孩在森林裡迷路，他有可能會遭到狼群攻擊。)

練習 1. If John          (not miss) the train, he          (may not be) late for the meeting.　(完成句子)

2. If I          (get) your message, I          (will call) you back.　(完成句子)

3. without + N/V­ing...  沒有……，不……

說明 without為介系詞，意為「沒有……，不……」，其後須接名詞或動名詞，以形成介系詞片語。除了置於句尾之外，也可置於句首，但後面須加逗點。

例句 1. Survivors were left without food or clean water.

(存活下來的人沒有食物或乾淨的水可用。)

2. My father fell asleep on the couch without turning off the television.

(我父親沒關掉電視就在沙發上睡著了。)

3. Without bringing his keys, Kevin rushed out of his house.

(Kevin沒帶鑰匙就衝出他的房子了。)

練習 1. Matt一言不發地離開了客廳。

Matt left the living room                   a word.

2. 沒有足夠的錢，Chad無法買那雙新的運動鞋。

                          , Chad couldn't buy the new sneakers.

4. S + had + Vpp

說明 1. 此為「過去完成式」的句型，用來表示「某過去時間點以前已發生並持續到該時間點的動作或狀態」或「比發生在過去某一時間點之動作更早完成的動作或狀態」，常與「by + 時間」或when、before、after、by the time等連用。

2. 句子中較早發生或完成的動作用「過去完成式」，而較晚的動作則用「過去簡單式」。

例句 1. The government was unable to help its people because many government officials had been killed in the disaster.
(政府無法幫助它的人民，因為很多政府官員已經在災害中喪命。)

2. All the students had finished the test by the time the bell rang.

(在鐘聲響起時每個學生都已寫完考卷了。)

3. The food in the new restaurant was better than I had expected.

(新餐廳的食物比我預期的還要好吃。)

練習 1. 直到Lucas上公車之前他都沒有意識到他忘了帶皮夾。

Lucas                   he                   to bring his wallet until he got on the bus.

2. Nick在Mandy抵達電影院前就買好電影票了。

Nick          already          the movie tickets before Mandy         at the theater.

5. It + be + time (+ for sb) + to V....

It + be + time + for N....

說明 此句型用來表示「該是(某人)……的時候」，time後面可接to 加原形動詞或for加名詞。

例句 1. It's time to lend a hand to life—the greatest gift of all.

(是該向生命—這最美妙的禮物伸出援手的時候了。)

2. It is time for bed.　(是該上床睡覺的時候了。)

3. The party ended, and it was time for us to leave.

(派對結束了，該是我們要離開的時候了。)

練習 1. 晚餐時間到了。

                                                                 

2. 該是我妹妹練習彈鋼琴的時候了。

                                                                 

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. Leo 　　 up to one million NT dollars when he turned 30.
(A) saves                      (B) have saved      (C) is saved             (D) had saved

( C ) 2. It should 　　 about 30 minutes to bake this chocolate cake.
(A) take                        (B) spend              (C) cost                   (D) need

( C ) 3. 　　 Internet connection, Judy couldn't check her e­mails.
(A) By                          (B) Of                   (C) For                    (D) Without

( C ) 4. It's time for Jason 　　 for his tests.
(A) to study                  (B) study               (C) studying            (D) studies

( C ) 5. My father 　　 to work before I woke up.
(A) have gone               (B) goes                 (C) gone                  (D) had gone

( C ) 6. If Alex 　　 fallen down, he 　　 won race.
(A) hadn't; can             (B) hadn't; could have
(C) haven't; could         (D) haven't; can

( C ) 7. It was time for me 　　 to school.
(A) to go                       (B) go                    (C) going                 (D) went

( C ) 8. Daniel went into the manager's office without 　　 on the door first.
(A) knock                     (B) knocking         (C) to knock            (D)knocked

( C ) 9. It took the artist 3 years 　　 this work of art.
(A) to completing         (B) complete         (C) to complete       (D) completed

( C ) 10. If you hadn't offended our client, things 　　 a lot easier.
(A) would have been                                (B) would be
(C) will have been                                    (D) will be

II. 完成句子：依據上述句型完成以下各句。

1. It will          (3 hours/finish) watching this movie.

2. If Mr. Smith          (give up) smoking earlier, he          (may not be) so ill.

3. It's time for Peter          (get) a part­time job.

4. Larry          (lose) the book that he          (borrow) from his sister.

5. Without          (ask for/my permission), my brother read the text messages on my cell phone.

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 修理這輛車花費了我父親整個下午的時間。
It          my father the whole afternoon                   the car.

2. 假如Eric沒有告訴我今天停課，我就會去學校了。
If Eric                   me that classes were canceled today, I                

            to school.

3. George沒有先暖身(warm up)就跳進游泳池了。
George jumped into the swimming pool without                   first.

4. 是我該帶我的狗去散步的時候了。
It's time          me                   my dog out for a walk.

5. Rachel在造訪峇里島之前從來沒有看過這麼美麗的海灘。
Rachel          never          such a beautiful beach before she          Bali.

B4 U2 Sentence Patterns

Unit 2

1. N + who/which/that + be Vpp... → N + Vpp...

說明 過去分詞片語為限定用法的關係子句簡化而來。關係子句為被動語態時，可省略關係代名詞及be動詞，只保留過去分詞(Vpp)來修飾先行詞(N)。

例句 1. I quickly discovered that I still had plenty to learn, especially regarding the informal English which/that was often used there.

→ I quickly discovered that I still had plenty to learn, especially regarding the informal English often used there.

(我很快就發現我還有很多要學，特別是關於當地常用的口語英文。)

2. The girl who/that is named Alice is my best friend.

→ The girl named Alice is my best friend.

(那個名叫Alice的女生是我最好的朋友。)

3. Ian released the rabbit which/that was caught in the trap.
→ Ian released the rabbit caught in the trap.

(Ian放走了被陷阱捉住的兔子。)

練習 1. The chocolate cake which is made by my sister is very delicious.　(改寫句子)

                                                                   

2. The cultural differences that are discussed in this book are interesting.
(改寫句子)

                                                                   

2. Tag Question

說明 1. 附加問句為附加在直述句之後的簡短問句，常用於徵詢對方的肯定或意見。

2. 附加問句的主詞須用代名詞，並與主要子句中的主詞一致。

3. 附加問句的動詞須和主要子句的動詞一致：若主要子句用一般動詞或助動詞，附加問句要用相對應的助動詞；主要子句用be動詞則附加問句也要用be動詞。

4. 肯定的主要子句搭配否定的附加問句，否定的主要子句則搭配的肯定附加問句。須注意的是，若主要子句裡有seldom、never、hardly 等含否定意味的字詞，則句意視為否定，須用肯定附加問句。

例句 1. He didn't want me to look up above him, did he?

(他應該不是要我往他頭上看，對吧？)

2. Kim is fluent in Japanese, isn't she?

(Kim的日文很流利，不是嗎？)

3. Frank traveled to Italy last summer, didn't he?

(Frank去年夏天到義大利旅行，對吧？)

練習 1. You broke your cell phone again,          ?　(完成句子)

2. Ann will come to my birthday party tomorrow,          ?　(完成句子)

3. N + who/which/that + V... → N + V­ing...

說明 1. 關係子句中的關係代名詞若為主格時，可將關係代名詞省略，並將子句中的動詞改為現在分詞(V­ing)簡化成現在分詞片語，來修飾先行詞(N)。

2. 若關係子句為進行式，則直接省略關係代名詞及be動詞，保留V­ing 即可。

例句 1. As a student who/that learned English in Taiwan, I had always been confident of my ability to speak English.

→ As a student learning English in Taiwan, I had always been confident of my ability to speak English.

(身為在臺灣學英語的學生，我對自己講英語的能力一直很有自信。)

2. I like to make friends with people who/that share the same interest as me.

→ I like to make friends with people sharing the same interest as me.

(我喜歡和跟我有同樣興趣的人交朋友。)

3. The children are happy to see a clown who/that is wearing a funny costume.

→ The children are happy to see a clown wearing a funny costume.

(小孩們很開心見到一個穿著滑稽戲服的小丑。)

練習 1. The man who is talking on the phone right now is the manager.　(改寫句子)

                                                                 

2. Timothy fell in love with the girl who sat next to him in class.　(改寫句子)

                                                                  

4. wh­ + S + V → wh­ + to V

說明 疑問詞wh­ (who(m)、what、when、where、which、how等)引導的名詞子句中，若句意為「應該……」或「可以……」，通常可簡化成名詞片語wh­ + to V。此類的名詞子句中常搭配should、can或could等助動詞。

例句 1. At first, I didn't know how I should respond.

→ At first, I didn't know how to respond.　(起初，我不知道該怎麼回答。)
2. Mike is thinking about where he could find his missing dog.

→ Mike is thinking about where to find his missing dog.

(Mike正在思考哪裡能夠找到他走失的狗。)

3. The manager will tell you what you should do when you come to work.

→ The manager will tell you what to do when you come to work.

(你來上班時，經理會告訴你該做什麼。)

練習 1. Both the dresses were beautiful, and Sophia couldn't decide which she should buy.　(改寫句子)

                                                                 

2. After his girlfriend lied to him, Gary doesn't know whom he can trust anymore.　(改寫句子)

                                                              

5. V₁­ing..., S +V₂....

說明 1. 當when、after、as soon as等表「時間」的連接詞置於句首引導副詞子句時，若副詞子句與主要子句主詞相同，可以省略連接詞及副詞子句的主詞，並將副詞子句中的主動動詞改為現在分詞，簡化成現在分詞構句。

2. 若副詞子句為否定句，改成分詞構句時，否定詞須置於分詞之前。

例句 1. When she saw my strange behavior, she then asked me, “What's wrong?”

→ Seeing my strange behavior, she then asked me, “What's wrong?”

(看見我奇怪的行為，她接著問我「發生什麼事了？」。)

2. After I arrived in New York City, I immediately gave my parents a call.

→ Arriving in New York City, I immediately gave my parents a call.

(抵達紐約市之後，我立刻打了一通電話給我的父母。)

3. As soon as Larry entered his house, he found his TV missing.

→ Entering his house, Larry found his TV missing.

(Larry一進到屋裡，就發現他的電視機不見了。)

練習 1. When Ryan was exercising in the gym, he ran into his friend Joanne.

(改寫句子)

                                                                 

2. After I realized my words had upset my mother, I apologized to her.

(改寫句子)

                                                                  

1-­1.  The chocolate cake made by my sister is very delicious.

1-­2.  The cultural differences discussed in this book are interesting.

2-­1.  didn't you

2-­2.  won't she

3-­1.  The man talking on the phone right now is the manager.

3­-2.  Timothy fell in love with the girl sitting next to him in class.

4­-1.  Both the dresses were beautiful, and Sophia couldn't decide which one to buy.

4­-2.  After his girlfriend lied to him, Gary doesn't know whom to trust anymore.

5­-1.  Exercising in the gym, Ryan ran into his friend Joanne.

5-­2.  Realizing my words had upset my mother, I apologized to her.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. 　　 prepared all the tools, my father started repairing the car.
(A) To have                  (B) Having            (C) Has                   (D) Have

( C ) 2. Nick doesn't know 　　 cheer his girlfriend up.
(A) what to                   (B) what can he     (C) how to              (D) how can he

( C ) 3. Eric seldom goes to the movies alone, 　　 he?
(A) didn't                     (B) have sat           (C) doesn't              (D) does

( C ) 4. Do you know the girl 　　 by the window?
(A) sit                           (B) have sat           (C) sitting                (D) to sitting

( C ) 5. 　　 the bad news, Bryan's face turned pale.
(A) Hearing                  (B) Hear                (C) To hearing         (D) Hears

( C ) 6. The teacher will tell you 　　 stop writing and hand in the test paper.
(A) whom do                (B) where              (C) when to             (D) when will you

( C ) 7. You haven't seen the movie, 　　 you?
(A) have                       (B) haven't            (C) don't                 (D) do

( C ) 8. The ingredients 　　 in this restaurant are fresh and of great quality.
(A) using                      (B) used                (C) use                    (D) uses

( C ) 9. The man 　　 a gray suit is our client from England.
(A) to wearing              (B) wore                (C) wear                  (D) wearing

( C ) 10. Children often 　　 by their parents have more confidence in themselves.
(A) be encouraged     (B) encourage        (C) encouraged       (D) encouraging

II. 重組句子：將以下各句重組並做適當修改。

1. ask for/worried mother/whom/The/didn't/to/know/help

                                                                     

2. in Taiwan/of good quality/are/Most products/made

                                                                    

3. the cute puppy,/Sam/Seeing/hugged/warmly/it

                                                                      

4. in/People/to leave/talking/be asked/loudly/the library/will

                                                                     

5. wouldn't/You/lie to/you?/me,/would

                                                                    

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 那個被老師懲罰的學生是Jack。
The student                   the teacher is Jack.

2. 坐在櫃檯後面的女孩是我的姊姊。
The girl                   the counter is my sister.

3. 搭上公車後，Tina向她的朋友Willy揮手說再見。
                  the bus, Tina waved goodbye to her friend Willy.

4. Betty問我要去哪裡買我在派對上所供應的美味蛋糕。
Betty asked me                            the delicious cake I served at the party.

5. 你很少抱怨你的工作，對吧？
You rarely complain about your job,                  ?

實力評量

I.

1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C　5. A

6. C　7. A　8. B　9. D　10. C

II.

1. The worried mother didn't know whom to ask for help.

2. Most products made in Taiwan are of good quality.

3. Seeing the puppy, Sam hugged it warmly.

4. People talking loudly in the library will be asked to leave.

5. You wouldn't lie to me, would you?

III.

1. punished, by

2. sitting, behind

3. Getting, on

4. where, to, buy

5. do, you