1. because + S + V... →
because of + N
說明：because為從屬連接詞，引導表「原因」的從屬子句，不可直接接名詞或動名詞，且不可單獨成句；而because of為介系詞片語，後須接名詞或名詞片語。兩者皆可置於句首或句中，置於句首時，須加逗點隔開兩個子句。
1. Because people like this “green” way of living, more and more companies
are now offering LOHAS goods. →Because of this
“green” way of living, more and more companies are now offering LOHAS
goods.
(由於這種「綠色」的生活方式，越來越多公司現在提供樂活的商品。)
2. The ball game was canceled because
it rained heavily. (由於下大雨，所以球賽取消了。)
→The ball game
was canceled because of the heavy rain.
3. Because there was a
big earthquake, many houses were destroyed.
→Because of the big earthquake, many houses were destroyed. (因為大地震，很多房子都損毀了。)
2. N + who/which/that + V... → N + V-ing...
說明：此句型為關係子句簡化成「分詞片語」的用法。當關係代名詞為主格時，可將其省略，並將關係子句裡的動詞改為表主動的現在分詞(V-ing)；若關係子句為進行式時，則只須將關係代名詞和be動詞省略即可。
1. LOHAS has become a term which/that describes a healthy and earth-friendly lifestyle.
→LOHAS has
become a term describing a healthy and earth-friendly
lifestyle.
(樂活已經成為一個描述一種健康且環保的生活方式的用語了。)
2. Do you know the man who/that sits over there?
→Do you know
the man sitting over there? (你認識坐在那邊的那個男子嗎?)
3. The little cat which/that is walking toward us looks cute.
→The little
cat walking toward us looks cute. (朝我們走來的小貓看起來很可愛。)
3. what = the thing(s) which/that
說明：1. what在此為複合關係代名詞，可作主詞、受詞或補語，表示「非特定的事物」，等同於the thing(s) which/that。複合關係代名詞兼具先行詞和關係代名詞的作用，相當於「先行詞 + 關係代名詞」。
2. 注意，當what作為主詞引導名詞子句時，須視為單數，後接單數動詞。
1. What the student does is an example of LOHAS. (這位學生所做的事便是一個樂活的例子。)
→The things
which/that the student does are an example of LOHAS.
2. Cathy happily showed me what she bought today. (Cathy 開心地向我展示她今天買的東西。)
→Cathy happily
showed me the thing(s) which/that she bought today.
3. I don’t think what Eric said was right. (我不認為Eric
說的事情是對的。)
→I don’t think
the thing which/that Eric said was right.
4. N-Adj
說明：此為「名詞 + 形容詞」所構成的複合形容詞。複合形容詞是由兩種或兩種以上獨立的字組合而成的形容詞，這些字之間通常會加上連字號(-)。複合形容詞有非常多種，以下概列九種常見的組合：
1. N + V-ing：time-consuming (耗費時間的)、peace-loving (愛好和平的)；
2. N + Vpp：handmade (手工的)、man-caused (人為的)；
3. N + Adj：world-famous (世界聞名的)、fat-free (不含脂肪的)；
4. Adj + V-ing：good-looking (好看的)、sweet-smelling (香氣迷人的)；
5. Adj + Vpp：newborn (新生的)、red-dyed (染成紅色的)；
6. Adv + V-ing：fast-moving (快速的)、long-lasting (持久的)；
7. Adv + Vpp：carefully-made (仔細製作的)、well-known (知名的)；
8. Adj + N-ed：good-hearted (好心腸的)、middle-aged (中年的)；
9.數量詞+單數名詞：名詞多為時間、價值、長度等的數值，ten-minute (十分鐘的)、five-story (五層樓的)。
1. We can all
become earth-friendly people by
living a LOHAS lifestyle. (我們可以藉由過著樂活的生活方式成為對地球友善的人。)
2. Hans
Christian Andersen has been considered a world-famous writer of children’s stories.
(安徒生被視為一位舉世聞名的兒童故事作家。)
3. Olivia is on a diet, so she only drinks fat-free milk. (Olivia 正在節食，所以她只喝脫脂牛奶。)
5. S + V + rather than + N/V... → S +
V + instead of + N/V-ing...
說明：1. rather than和instead of均為「而不是……」或「代替……」的意思，不過rather than後面須接原形動詞，instead of則須接現在分詞。
2. instead of也可以副詞instead替代，instead表示「反而，作為替代」的意思，可置於句首或句尾；置於句首時，需以逗號與句子隔開。要注意的是，instead所接的句子表示「有去做的事情」，而instead of接的句子則意味著「沒有去做的事情」。
1. We
take the stairs rather than elevators, so we can save more
electricity. (我們走樓梯而不是搭電梯，所以能夠節省更多的電力。) → We take the stairs instead of elevators, so we can
save more electricity.
2. We can walk or take a bus rather than
ride a scooter. (我們可以用走的或是搭乘公車，以代替騎摩托車。)
→We can walk
or take a bus instead of riding a scooter.
3. We
use our own shopping bags instead of using the paper or plastic bags
from the store.
→We don’t use the paper or plastic bags from the store. Instead, we
use our own shopping bags.
→We don’t use the paper or plastic bags from the store. We use our own
shopping bags instead.
(我們不使用店家的紙袋或塑膠袋，而用自己的購物袋作為替代。)
實力評量
( ) 1. I don’t know _____
Jerry is talking about now.
(A) which (B) what (C) that (D) the thing
( ) 2. The girl _____ beautifully on the stage is my younger sister.
(A) dances (B) dancing
(C) is dancing (D) who dancing
( ) 3. We decided to watch a movie instead of _____ shopping.
(A) go (B)
went (C) going (D) to go
( ) 4. Andy’s mother got angry with him _____ his bad behavior.
(A) because (B) instead (C) because of (D) rather than
( ) 5. Owen took a _____ bus ride to the airport.
(A) forty minutes (B)
forty minute
(C) forty-minutes (D) forty-minute
II. 配合題：從下列框中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。
|
(A) ...ask for others’ help.
(B) ...the blue one. (C) ...she wanted to buy some fruit. (D) ...beginning at 2 p.m. (E) ...she needed for tonight’s dinner. |
_____ 1.
I have a history class...
_____ 2.
Roy
_____ 3.
Zoe went to the supermarket after lunch because...
_____ 4.
Sisley tried to fix her computer by herself rather than...
_____ 5.
Allen called her mother to ask what...
III. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。
( ) ___________ 1. The little bird fell from the tree got hurt badly.
(A) (B) (C)
( ) ____________ 2. Ben was sent to the hospital because
of he had a high fever (發燒).
(A) (B) (C)
( ) ____________ 3. I have bought a pair of handmaking shoes that
cost me much money.
(A) (B) (C)
( ) ____________ 4. Jerry is too sleepy to focus on which
the teacher is teaching in class.
(A) (B)
(C)
( ) ____________ 5. Vera prefers not to eat out on
weekends. She usually cooks her own meals at home
(A) (B) instead of.
(C)
IV. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. Terry 累得不想說話。他現在需要的是睡個好覺。
Terry is too
tired to talk. ____________ ____________ ____________ he needs now is a good
sleep.
2. Sophia 沒有因為我犯的錯誤而對我生氣，她反而再次耐心地教導我。
Sophia didn’t
get angry with me ____________ ____________ my mistakes. ____________,
she patiently taught me again.
3. 那個正坐在樹下的男人是個長相好看的人。
That man ____________
under the tree is a g____________ guy.
4. Elaine 覺得我們明天可以去騎腳踏車，而不是整天待在家裡。
Elaine thinks
that we can go bicycling tomorrow i____________ ____________ ____________ at
home all day long.
5. Berry
總在早上喝一杯濃縮咖啡，因為這種含有較多咖啡因的咖啡能讓他迅速清醒。
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