IV.
Grammar
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1
不定詞/動名詞當主詞：To
V… + 單數動詞
V-ing…
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→
在英文中，句子的主詞詞性皆為名詞。但若想描述一個動作，也就是以動作當主詞時，就必須先把該動詞改寫成不定詞(to V)或動名詞(Ving)，才可以放在句子主詞的位置。除此之外，這種由不定詞或動名詞構成的主詞，因為指的是「一個動作」或「一件事」，所以後方搭配的動詞必須是單數動詞。
例：To learn English is fun.
→ Learning English is
fun.
學英文很有趣。
To take exercise makes
me healthy.
→ Taking exercise makes
me healthy.
做運動讓我健康。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。
1.
把零用錢存起來是個好習慣。
Saving your pocket
money ________ a good habit.
2.
看日劇幫助我學習日文。
Watching Japanese
dramas ________ me learn Japanese.
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祈使句一般帶有要求、建議等語氣，表示「希望對方這麼做」、「建議對方那樣做」的意思，省略了主詞you，以原形動詞開頭。若要表達否定含意時，則會以don’t或never開頭；但若要否定以let’s開頭的祈使句時，則會寫成let’s not。
例：Bring an umbrella with you.
帶把雨傘吧。
Don’t
trust
this news channel.
不要相信這個新聞頻道。
Let’s take a trip to
Hawaii.
去夏威夷旅行吧。
練習：圈出正確的答案。
1.
(To be/Being/Be) a good student.
2. (Smoke
not/Smoke don’t/Never smoke) in the gas station.
→
have to後方加上原形動詞，意為「必須做某事」，用來表達一定要去做的意思。其中have在此為一般動詞，會隨著該句的時態而寫成has或had。
例：My sister had to take the garbage out yesterday, but she forgot it.
我妹妹昨天必須去倒垃圾，但她忘記了。
Every student has to follow the school rules.
每位學生都必須遵守校規。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。
1.
為了學習得有效率，你必須在課堂上做筆記。
To learn efficiently,
you ________ ________ ________ notes in class.
2. 星期六前我必須完成這份報告。
I ________ ________ ________
the report before Saturday.
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4 a
lot + Adj-er/more Adj
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→
a lot可用來修飾比較級，表示「……多了，更加……」之意。除此之外，亦可視語意程度不同而用far、even、rather、much等來修飾比較級。
例：The weather in Russia is a lot colder than the weather in
Singapore.
俄國的天氣比新加坡的天氣冷得多了。
That basketball player is a lot taller than the kid.
那位籃球選手比小孩高多了。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。
1.
這個國家的夏天比冬天長多了。
Summer in this country
is ________ ________ ________ than winter.
2. Bill比Terry有錢多了。
Bill is ________ ________
________ than Terry.
→
end up意為「最後……，以……結束」，其後遇上動詞時，必須將動詞改寫為動名詞(Ving)。除了加上動名詞外，end up後方亦可加上介系詞，再加上表示結果的名詞。
例：The couple ended up breaking up with each
other.
那對情侶最後分手了。
The player ended up winning the championship.
那位選手最後贏得了冠軍。
Some old clothes may end up as new clothes for the
people in poor countries.
有些舊衣服最後可能變成貧窮國家人們的新衣服。
練習：根據中譯完成句子。
1.
那位優秀的學生最後成了醫生。
The excellent student ________
________ as a doctor.
2. Eric最後買了輛新車。
Eric ________ ________
________ a new car.
Try it!
選出正確的答案。
( ) 1. To get good grades, you have to ________
hard.
(A) studied (B) study
(C) studying (D) studies
( ) 2. Ted forgot to bring his key, and ended
up ________ at the hotel for a night.
(A) staying (B) stayed (C) stay
(D) stays
( ) 3. Everyone in our class has to ________
the report by next Monday.
(A) finish (B) finished (C) finishing (D) finishes
( ) 4. Taking a hot bath ________ me relax.
(A) help (B) helping (C) helps
(D) to helping
( ) 5. After years of effort, Leo ended up ________
the CEO of the company.
(A) for (B) as
(C) to (D) at
( ) 6. ________ up, please.
(A) Stand (B) Standing (C) Stands (D) To standing
( ) 7. Kyle has a lot ________ toys than his
brother.
(A) many (B) much
(C) the more (D) more
( ) 8. Watching TV programs ________ lots of
time.
(A) taken (B) take (C) taking
(D) takes
( ) 9. ________ the kid some food.
(A) To give (B) Give
(C) Gives (D) To giving
( ) 10. My room is a lot ________ than my
sister’s room.
(A) big (B) biggest (C) bigger (D) the bigger
