1 修飾人:It +
is / was + Adj + of sb + to V |
→
這個句型以虛主詞it開頭,把真正的主詞to
V放在句尾,主要用來修飾人,表示「某人做某事 / 某動作很……」或「某人做某事 / 某動作是……的」。而也由於這個句型用來修飾人,所以句型中的形容詞會以能修飾人的形容詞為主。
例:It was kind of Susan to help me deal with the problem.
Susan真是好心,幫助我處理這個問題。
It was crazy of Vicky to go to every concert of the band.
Vicky真是瘋狂,去參加了那個樂團的每場演唱會。
練習:根據句型合併句子。
Trevor made a birthday
cake for his brother.
_________________________________________________________________
Amy helped me with my
math homework.
_________________________________________________________________
關係副詞:…N
+ when
+ S + V… where |
→ 1. 此句型介紹關係副詞why、when、where。關係副詞在文法上的結構是由「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」組成的,用來引導結構完整的形容詞子句,以修飾前面的先行詞。其中why用來修飾表「原因、理由」的先行詞;when用來修飾表「時間」的先行詞;而where則修飾表「地點」的先行詞。
2. 由於關係副詞由「介系詞
+ 關係代名詞」組成,如果想把關係副詞還原的話,why可還原為for which;when可還原為at / in / on / during which;而where則可還原為at / in / on / from which。還原成「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」的結構時,介系詞的選用依先行詞而定。
例:The teacher wants to know the
reason why Hank is late for
school every day.
→ The teacher wants to
know the reason for which Hank
is late for school every day.
老師想知道Hank每天上學都遲到的原因。
Sam will always remember the day
when he met his true love.
→ Sam will always
remember the day on which he
met his true love.
Sam將一直記得他遇見真愛的那天。
Please tell me the restaurant
where you had dinner yesterday.
→ Please tell me the
restaurant in which you had
dinner yesterday.
請告訴我你昨天吃晚餐的餐廳。
練習:根據句型合併句子。
The new product is not
popular for a reason.
_________________________________________________________________
Daniel lived in Tokyo
in the year.
_________________________________________________________________
Mary keeps her
favorite doll in the box.
_________________________________________________________________
3 to
/ in order to / so as to + V |
→
不定詞to加上原形動詞時,可用來表示「目的」,通常翻譯成「為了……」。這個用法亦可以用in order to V或so as to V來代換,但其中的so as to V不能放在句首。
例:The mother read her daughter’s
diary to know her life.
那位母親為了知道她女兒的生活而讀了她的日記。
To make his
dreams come true, the pianist practices hard every day.
為了讓他的夢想成真,這名鋼琴家每天努力練習。
練習:根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)
1.
為了賺更多錢,Gary做三份打工。
________, Gary takes
three part-time jobs.
2.
很多人正在商店前排隊,為了買最新的智慧型手機。
Many people are lining
up in front of the store ________.
4 被動語態:S + have
been Vpp (+ by O) |
→
被動語態的基本架構為「be動詞
+ Vpp」,在第一冊Unit 4已經介紹過。而在這一課的課文中,使用了現在完成式的被動語態,也就是把被動語態架構裡的be動詞放到現在完成式(have + Vpp)中Vpp的位子。兩者結合後,變成「have + been + Vpp」,用來表達現在完成式裡的被動。
例:Taiwan has been influenced by Japanese culture.
臺灣曾受日本文化影響。
The thief has already been caught
by the police.
小偷已經被警察抓到了。
練習:根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)
1.
選舉的結果已被報導出來。
The result of the
election ________.
2.
限量版的鞋子已被賣完。
The limited edition
shoes ________ out.
5 not
every… |
→
not every用來表示「部分否定」,意思是「並非所有……」。使用部分否定時,表示在後面提到的整個群體內,並不是每個個體都有同樣的特質或想法,而是有些有、有些沒有。另外要特別注意的是,由於every的意思是「每一」,所以後面必須接單數的可數名詞。
例:Not
everyone
thinks the story is true.
並非每個人都認為這故事是真的。
Not
every
house is expensive.
並非每間房子都很貴。
練習:根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)
1.
並非每個學生都喜歡數學。
________ math.
2.
並非每件襯衫都是白色的。
________ white.
TRY IT!
一、選出正確的答案。
( ) 1. Emily wants to know the reason ________ Japanese
food is so popular these days.
(A) when (B) where
(C) why (D) which
( ) 2. The chef came up with some new dishes ________
more customers.
(A) attract (B) to attract (C) attracting (D) to attracting
( ) 3. Not every store ________ this kind of
mask.
(A) sell (B) selling (C) sells
(D) to sell
( ) 4. Last Saturday was the day ________ the
party was held.
(A) which (B) where
(C) why (D) when
( ) 5. The kids have ________ to a safe place.
(A) taken (B) being taken (C) took
(D) been taken
( ) 6. It was nice ________ Alvin to make this
fried rice for us.
(A) at (B) of
(C) with (D) on
( ) 7. Taiwanese people use “buhaoyisi” ________
trouble.
(A) to avoid (B) avoid
(C) to avoiding (D) avoiding
( ) 8. It is crazy ________ Iris to drive so
fast.
(A) of (B) at
(C) on (D) with
( ) 9. The idea has ________ by the manager in
the meeting.
(A) being accepted (B) accepted
(C) been accepted (D) accepting
( ) 10. Not every boy ________ basketball.
(A) likes (B) liking (C) like
(D) to like
二、根據提示完成句子。
1.
to save people. / the building / The firefighters / ran into (重組句子)
___________________________________________________________________
2. to make
/ action / The president / great again. / the country / has taken (重組句子)
___________________________________________________________________
3.
The army has occupied this island. (改寫為被動語態)
___________________________________________________________________
4.
Lily has broken the vase. (改寫為被動語態)
___________________________________________________________________
5.
Mark借我他的相機真是好心。(中翻英)
___________________________________________________________________
6.
Frank從圖書館偷了一本書真是愚蠢。(中翻英)
___________________________________________________________________
7.
Tina向老師告知Doris今天沒有來學校的原因。(中翻英)
___________________________________________________________________
8.
Collins先生想知道火車將離開的時刻。(中翻英)
___________________________________________________________________
9.
不是每個愛情故事都會有好結局。(中翻英)
___________________________________________________________________
10.
不是每位學生都搭公車上學。(中翻英)
___________________________________________________________________