句型重點解析 UNIT 6.4

1. as soon as   一…就…

說明[1] 此為從屬連接詞，表示「一……就……」，用以連接兩個發生時間相近的子句。

[2] 引導的附屬子句表示未來將會發生的事情時，多用現在簡單式來表現。

例句

1. Crowds of people are lining up to buy the bakery’s bread as soon as it is ready to be sold.

  (店內的麵包一上架，成群的人潮  便排起隊伍，準備購買。)

2. Lily jumped for joy as soon as she heard the good news.  (Lily一聽到好消息就充滿喜悅地跳了起來。)

3. As soon as you turn to the customer service center, the staff will help you.

  (你一求助客服中心，工作人員就會來幫助你。)

2. On/Upon + V-ing..., S + V....     當……的時候，一……就……

說明[1] 用於連接兩個時間點相近的動作，為「當……的時候」、「一……就……」之意。類似的句型：“As soon as + S + V...” 及 “When + S +V...”。

[2] 此句型引導的片語會省略主詞，故兩個連接動作的主詞須相同。

例句

1. On/Upon seeing the First Lady in this elegant dress, the entire world wanted to know who had designed it.

  (見到美國第一夫人身上這襲典雅的禮服，全世界都想知道那是出自何人之手。)

2. On/Upon receiving this honor, Pao-chun Wu did not move to Europe to set up a bakery there.

  (獲得殊榮之時，吳寶春並沒有動身前往歐洲開立麵包店。)

3. On/Upon walking out of the movie theater, Emily saw her favorite idol.

  → As soon as/When Emily walked out of the movie theater, she saw her favorite idol.　

     (Emily一走出電影院就看到她最愛的偶像。)

3. with + 情緒名詞 = 狀態副詞

說明[1] 此為介系詞with加上「情緒名詞」構成「狀態副詞」的用法。

[2] 常見搭配：with anger = angrily「生氣地」、with care = carefully「小心地」、with ease = easily「輕易地」、with kindness = kindly「親切地」、with surprise = surprisingly「驚訝地」

例句

1. Some eager apprentices are watching Pao-chun Wu with enthusiasm (= enthusiastically).

   (一些賣力的學徒們熱切地觀察著吳寶春。)

2. When I told Louis the truth, he looked at me with surprise (= surprisingly).

  (當我告訴Louis實情的時候，他驚訝地看著我。)

3. It’s amazing that the 5-year-old kid can solve such a difficult math problem with ease (= easily).

  (令人驚訝的是，這個五歲小孩竟能夠輕易地解開這道如此困難的數學題。)

4. S + do/does/did not V₁.... Instead, S + V₂ ....   → Instead of + V₁-ing, S + V₂.... 反而

說明[1] 此句型用以表示「反而，相及地」的意思，可置於句首或句尾。

[2] instead所接的句子為表示「有去做的事」，而instead of 接的則是「沒有去做的事」。

例句

1. Pao-chun Wu did not move to Europe to set up a bakery there. Instead, he returned to Taiwan to offer baking courses. → Instead of moving to Europe to set up a bakery there, Pao-chun Wu returned to Taiwan to offer baking courses.  (吳寶春並沒有前往歐洲開立麵包店，他反而回到台灣開授烘焙課程。)

2. Jessica didn’t answer the teacher’s question. Instead, she started to cry in class.

  → Instead of answering the teacher’s question, Jessica started to cry in class.

  → Jessica started to cry instead of answering the teacher’s question.

     (Jessica沒有回答老師的問題，反而在課堂上哭了起來。)

3. Gina did not have dinner at home. Instead, she decided to eat out.

  → Instead of having dinner at home, Gina decided to eat out.

  → Gina decided to eat out instead of having dinner at home. (Gina決定不在家吃晚餐，而是決定到外面去吃。)

5. look forward to + N/V-ing        期待

說明此為表示「期待」的動詞片語句型。後面須接「名詞」或是「動名詞」。

例句

1. Currently ranked as the number one female golfer in the world, Yani Tseng is looking forward to a long and rewarding career in professional golf.

  (目前雖位居世界女子高爾夫球第一，曾雅妮期盼在職業高爾夫球生涯中持續挺進、獲得殊榮。)

2. After final exams, students are looking forward to their summer vacation.

  (在期末考之後，學生們就引頸期盼暑假的來臨。)

3. Mandy is looking forward to meeting her Japanese boyfriend.  (Mandy期待見到她日本男友。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(  ) 1.	The waiter introduced us today’s special ________.
	(A) with kindly	(B) with kindness	(C) with easily	(D) with being easy
(  ) 2.	Girls in the room screamed ________ the light was off suddenly.
	(A) as if	(B) as though	(C) as well as	(D) as soon as
(  ) 3.	The boy isn’t looking forward ________ his dentist in the evening.
	(A) going to	(B) to go to	(C) to going to	(D) go to
(  ) 4.	In the end, Eunice stayed home all day ________ going out with her friends.
	(A) instead of	(B) instead	(C) on	(D) as
(  ) 5.	________ Brad read the passage from the book, he thought of his parents.
	(A) On	(B) Upon	(C) When	(D) What
(  ) 6.	________ Mary saw a cockroach on her desk, she cried for help.
	(A) As possible as	(B) As well as	(C) As soon as	(D) As well
(  ) 7.	________ the bookstore, Judy saw a variety of magazines and books on the shelves.
	(A) On walking into		(B) Upon walked into
	(C) On she walking into		(D) Upon she walked into
(  ) 8.	The last runner didn’t give up. ________, he kept running and reached the finish line at last.
	(A) Instead of	(B) As soon as	(C) Upon	(D) Instead
(  ) 9.	After knowing the result, the man went out of the room with ________.
	(A) be angry	(B) anger	(C) angrily	(D) angry
(  ) 10.	Mr. Tang is ________ his granddaughter this weekend.
	(A) looking forward to visiting		(B) looking forward to visit
	(C) looking to visit		(D) looking to visiting

II. 配合題：從以下框中選出最適合的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...going to Wonder Girls’ concert.     (B) ...Jack rushed to the movie theater with his classmates. (C) ...with surprise to my invitation.       (D) ...as soon as she heard the bad news. (E) ...the baby boy smiled at everyone.

_____1. At first, my teacher reacted...

_____2. Instead of crying,...

_____3. Francis burst out crying...

_____4. Upon finishing the exam,...

_____5. Thousands of fans are looking forward to...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 大家期盼很快再次見到你。

   Everyone is ________________ ________________ _______________ _______________ you again soon.

2. 那個女士一發現超市裡有搶匪，就馬上打電話報警。

   The lady called the police _________________ _________________ _________________ she found the robber in   the supermarket.

3. 才一關上門，就發現我把鑰匙忘在客廳裡。

   _________________ _________________ the door, I found that I left my keys in the living room.

4. Betty小心地栽種庭園中這些花。

   Betty planted these flowers in the garden _________________ _________________.

5. 這些衣服並非使用動物皮毛，而是以自然纖維製成。

   _________________ _________________ _________________ made of animal fur, the clothes were made from natural fibers.

句型重點解析 UNIT 6.3

1. There be + N + V-ing/Vpp....

說明[1] 此句型為關係子句簡化的分詞用法，以現在分詞(V-ing)表示「主動或進行」，用過去分詞(Vpp)表示「被動」。

[2] 此句型多以表示「人或事物存在狀態」，省略關係代名詞與be動詞。

例句

1. There is evidence suggesting that the origin of April Fools’ Day dates back to medieval France.

  → There is evidence that suggests that the origin of April Fools’ Day dates back to medieval
   France. (有證據顯示，愚人節的起源可追溯到中世紀的法國。)

2. In Africa, there are lots of people dying of hunger every day.

  → In Africa, there are lots of people who die of hunger every day.

     (在非洲，每天都有許多人死於飢餓。)

3. In the library, there are thousands of books and magazines checked out.

  → In the library, there are thousands of books and magazines which/that were checked out.

　  (在圖書館有成千上萬的書與雜誌被借閱。)

2. with + O + OC (Adj/V-ing/Vpp)

說明[1] 此句型以with附帶「狀況、狀態」的獨立分詞構句，可接形容詞、現在分詞或過去分詞。

[2] 分詞片語作為受詞補語時，現在分詞(V-ing)表示「主動或進行」，過去分詞(Vpp)表示「被動」。

例句

1. People then gathered around the airfield with their cameras ready.  (人們準備好相機聚集在機場附近。)

2. It is amazing that Terry can still type quickly with his right hand injured.

  (驚奇的是Terry右手受了傷仍然打字很快。)

3. The young single mother hugged her baby with tears rolling down her cheeks.

  (這個年輕的單親媽媽手抱著小嬰兒，眼淚滑落雙頰。)

3. S + feel/hear/listen to/look/see/smell/watch + O + V/V-ing

說明[1] 此為感官動詞的用法，為使語意完整，在受詞後接受詞補語。

[2] 受詞補語若為「主動動作者」，接原形動詞或現在分詞。

[3] 原形動詞強調「動作的完整過程」，而現在分詞則強調「動作正進行的狀態」。

例句

1. If you see a cow flying overhead, you had better check the calendar before calling the police.

  (如果你看到一頭牛從頭上飛過，報警之前最好還是先看一下日曆。)

2. Joyce listened to Sarah sing/singing a beautiful song quietly.  (Joyce安靜地聆聽Sarah唱首動人的歌曲。)

3. When I was about to fall asleep, I suddenly heard someone knock/knocking on my door.

  (就在我快要睡著的時侯，我突然聽到有人敲我的門。)

4. S + had better + V     最好還是……  → It would be better + for sb + to V

說明[1] 此片語後須接原形動詞，用於表示「最好還是……」之意。

[2] 也可以使用 “It would be better for sb + to V” 來替換。

例句

1. If you see a cow flying overhead, you had better check the calendar before calling the police.

  → It would be better for you to check the calendar before calling the police if you see a cow flying overhead. (如果你看到一頭牛從頭上飛過，報警之前最好還是先看一下日曆。)

2. We had better stay home during the typhoon.

  → It would be better for us to stay home during the typhoon.    (颱風天時我們最好還是待在家裡。)

3. You had better make a reservation two months ago if you want to have a dinner with your girlfriend at that restaurant on Valentine’s Day. (如果你想要情人節時和女友在那家餐廳共進晚餐，你最好兩個月前預定。)

  → It would be better for you to make a reservation two months ago if you want to have a dinner with your girlfriend at that restaurant on Valentine’s Day.

5. rather than 而不是……

說明[1] rather than為介系詞片語，用以連接兩個文法上對等關係的字詞，表達「而不是……」之意，可以接名詞(N)、形容詞(Adj)、副詞(Adv)、不定詞(to V)和動名詞(V-ing)等。此外相同意思為instead of +N/V-ing。

[2] rather than接動詞時，可以視句子結構而做動詞變化。

例句

1. You can call this person an “April Fish” rather than an “April Fool.”

  → You can call this person an “April Fish” instead of an “April Fool.”

     (你可以稱此人為「四月之魚」，而不是「四月的傻子」。)

2. We can go bicycling tomorrow rather than stay at home all day. (我們明天可以去騎腳踏車，而不是整天待在家裡。)

   → We can go bicycling tomorrow instead of staying at home all day.

3. Shelly solved this problem by herself rather than asked for others’ help.

  → Shelly solved this problem by herself instead of asking for others’ help.

  (Shelly自己解決這個問題，而不是尋求他人的協助。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　)1.It is impolite to talk ________ your mouth ________.

        (A) with; filling       (B) ×; filling            (C) with; full           (D) ×; full

(　)2.I saw Peter and Mary ________ down the road on my way to the supermarket.

        (A) walked              (B) walking             (C) are walking       (D) to walk

(　)3.There was no one ________ in the earthquake.

        (A) injuring             (B) injured               (C) injure                 (D) who injured

(　)4.You ________ down since it is raining now.

        (A) have better slow(B) have better to slow   (C) had better to     (D) had better slow

(　)5.Stacey likes chocolate cake ________ cheesecake.

        (A) rather than                (B) instead              (C) with                   (D) than

(　)6.When I watched TV in the living room, I felt something ________ up my back.

        (A) crawled             (B) to crawl             (C) crawling            (D) is crawling

(　)7.Sandy cleaned up her bedroom ________ boxes ________.

        (A) with; packing    (B) ×; packed          (C) ×; packing         (D) with; packed

(　)8.It would be better ________ young children ________ enough sleep to stay healthy.

        (A) to; having          (B) for; to have       (C) for; having                (D) to; to have

(　)9.There were numbers of fans ________ for Lady Gaga to arrive at the airport.

        (A) waiting              (B) wait                   (C) waited               (D) to wait

(　)10.Sophia got angry with me ________ patiently listening to me.

        (A) instead of          (B) than                   (C) rather                 (D) instead

II. 配合題：從以下框中選出最適合的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...built in the forest. (B) ...with its fuel leaking. (C) ...to go to the doctor now, or you will be getting worse. (D) ...burning from the neighbor next to us..  (E) ...rather than drive.

_____1. The bus ran in the tunnel...

_____2. It would be better for you...

_____3. Mother smelled the fish...

_____4. We can take a bus or walk...

_____5. There was an old library...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 我聽見有人在對街叫著我的名字。

 I __________________ someone __________________ my name on the other side of the street.

2. 有個年輕人在那畫牆壁。

  __________________ __________________ a young man __________________ the walls.

3. 在音樂播放的情況下我很難專心做作業。

  It is difficult for me to focus on my assignment __________________ the music __________________.

4. 最近我在節食。我想我最好還是喝水。

  I’ve been on a diet recently. I think I ________________ ________________ just ________________ water.

5. Julie不使用便利商店的塑膠袋，而攜帶自己的購物袋作為替代。

  Julie uses her own shopping bag i__________________ __________________ __________________ plastic bags from the convenience stores.

句型重點解析 UNIT 6.2

1. ...N + V-ing/Vpp...

說明[1] 此句型為限定關係子句簡化成「分詞片語」的用法。

[2] 關係子句表示主動時，可以將子句中關係代名詞省略，動詞改成現在分詞(V-ing)。

[3] 關係子句表示進行式時，將關係代名詞和be動詞省略即可。

[4] 關係子句表示被動時，將關係代名詞和be動詞省略，保留過去分詞(Vpp)。

例句

1. I mean the Jack who works in the bakery.  → I mean the Jack working in the bakery.

     (我指的是那個在麵包店裡工作的Jack。)

2. Do you notice the lady who/that is sitting over there?  → Do you notice the lady sitting over there?

     (你有注意到坐在那邊的那位女士嗎？)

3. The gossip which/that was told in their conversation is popular on the Internet.

  → The gossip told in their conversation is popular on the Internet. (在他們交談中所說到的八卦在網路上相當的熱門。)

2. ...times (倍數) +  as + Adj/Adv + as...

                 Adj-er/Adv-er + than...

說明[1] 這兩個句型用以表示「倍數」的用法，為「比……多或大幾倍」。

[2] 第一個句型在原級 “as + Adj/Adv + as...” 前加上倍數詞(...times)。

[3] 第二個句型在比較級 “Adj-er/Adv-er + than...” 前加上倍數詞(...times)。

例句

1. A man who was two times as tall as other men might be known as Jack the long fellow.

  → A man who was two times taller than other men might be known as Jack the long fellow.　

    (一個是其他人兩倍高的人可能會被稱為長人傑克。)

2. The blue sports car is four times as expensive as the white van. (藍色跑車的價格是白色小貨車的四倍。)

  → The blue sports car is four times more expensive than the white van.

3. Ray can write three times as fast as Jerry.  → Ray can write three times faster than Jerry.

     (Ray寫字的速度是Jerry的三倍。)

3. It + be + Adj (+ for someone) + to V....  → To V... + be + Adj (+ for someone).

說明[1] 此為it作為虛主詞的句型。主詞為不定詞片語(to V)較長時，可移至句末並用it代替成為虛主詞。

[2] 此句型可以還原為“To V... + be + Adj (+ for someone).”。for someone 為「對某人而言」，可視情況省略。

[3] 此句型中所使用的形容詞為非人稱形容詞，常見的有：convenient、difficult、easy、hard、important、necessary、possible及useful等。

例句

1. When you first meet someone, it is polite to tell that person your name.

  → When you first meet someone, to tell that person your name is polite.

    (當你初次與某人見面時，告知那個人你的名字是有禮貌的。)

2. It is difficult for Anna to finish her homework on time. (對Anna而言，準時完成作業是很難的。)

  → To finish her homework on time is difficult for Anna.

3. It is necessary for salesmen to attend the meeting every morning. (對業務們來說，每天早上參加會議是必要的。)

  → To attend the meeting every morning is necessary for salesmen.

4. be used to + N/V-ing    習慣於……，適應於……

說明[1] 此為用以表示「習慣……」的句型，亦可寫成“get + used to + N/V-ing”。否定型為“be not used to + N/V-ing”。

[2] 常混淆句型：“sb + used to + V”表示過去的狀況或經常發生的動作，為「以前經常……」之意；“sth + be used + to V”被動語態，表示「……被用作……」之意。

例句       

1. Some people are used to giving their surnames or family names first. (有些人習慣先提他們的姓氏，也就是家族名稱。)

2. Ray, an exchange student from Canada, is used to the life in Taiwan. (來自加拿大的交換學生Ray很適應臺灣的生活。)

3. People used to look up information in the library before the Internet was invented.　

   (網際網路發明以前，人們都在圖書館裡找資料。)

4. The tiny robot is used to help people clean up.   (這個小機器人是用來幫助人們打掃。)

5. It + be (not) + Adj + that-clause

說明[1] 此句型用以表達「事實」或「意見」。

[2] 此句型中，It為虛主詞，that子句才是真正的主詞。為避免that所引導的子句過長，常以It作虛主詞替代，將that子句移到句末。

[3] 在此常見的形容詞amazing、clear、common、embarrassing、possible、strange、true、unlikely等。

例句       

1. It was unlikely that using just the name Jack would cause any confusion in the village.

  (使用Jack這個名字不太可能會造成村莊中的任何困惑。)

2. It is common that people think only of themselves when they are in danger. (人們在危難時只想到自己是正常的。)

3. It was strange that my sister didn’t come home right after school.  (我妹妹放學後沒直接回家很奇怪。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　)1. It was not easy ________ so much housework in two hours.

     (A) doing              (B) to do         (C) do              (D) done

(　)2. Ricky is a counselor ________ advice for teenagers ________ by problems.

     (A) providing; bothering (B) provided; bothered  (C) provided; bothering       (D) providing; bothered

(　)3. ________ was very impolite ________ you took my books away without asking me first.

     (A) That; that                (B) It; that       (C) It; ×                   (D) That; ×

(　)4. My parents ________ going to bed at ten and getting up at six in the morning.

         (A) are used to     (B) used to      (C) use to                        (D) are using

(　)5.The small town grew ________ it has been before.

         (A) larger several times than         (B) as large as several times

         (C) several times larger than         (D) as several times as large

(　)6. There ________ a forest and a river close to my house.

         (A) is used to be    (B) is using to being        (C) used to be               (D) using to be

(　)7. It will be ________ the old building in the small town can be saved and moved somewhere.

        (A) great that          (B) greatly that (C) great to            (D) greatly to

(　)8. ________ is impossible for most of us to reach the goal in such a short time.

        (A) That                  (B) This           (C) There                 (D) It

(　)9. High-speed trains travel three times ________ the traditional ones.

        (A) fast than            (B) as fast as   (C) as faster as                (D) fastest than

(　)10.The little cat ________ toward us looks cute.

        (A) walked              (B) walks         (C) walk                  (D) walking

II. 配合題：從以下框中選出最適合的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...the man wore a heavy coat on such a hot day. (B) ...force left-handed kids to write with their right hands. (C) ...describing a healthy and eco-friendly lifestyle. (D) ...to shop on the Internet. (E) ...as big as Vicky’s.

_____ 1. Annie’s handbag is two times...

_____ 2. It is very convenient...

_____ 3. It was strange that...

_____ 4. Parents and teachers used to...

_____ 5. LOHAS has become a term...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 要在兩天內完成這個大計畫是不可能的。

   ____________________ ____________________ this big project in two days is _____________________.

2. 我們的友誼維持這麼長一段時間是美好的。

   ______________________ ________________________ w______________________ ________________________ our friendship has lasted for such a long time.

3. Ricky以前曾住過新加坡，所以現在很習慣南臺灣炎熱的天氣。

  Ricky ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ in Singapore, so now he ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ the hot weather    in Southern Taiwan.

4. Julie媽媽的年紀是Julie的三倍。

   Julie’s mother is __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Julie.

   → Julie’s mother is __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ Julie.

5. 在課堂上被老師懲罰的學生是Kevin的弟弟。

   The student __________________ __________________ __________________ by his teacher in class is Kevin’s brother.  → The student __________________ by his teacher in class is Kevin’s brother.