句型重點解析 UNIT 2.3

1. get/grow/become + Adj

說明：get、grow和become皆為連綴動詞，表示「逐漸變成……」之意。連綴動詞為不完全不及物動詞，所以後面須接形容詞作主詞補語，用來說明主詞的狀態或性質。

1. More and more Asians are eating fast food and getting fat fast.

(越來越多的亞洲人在吃速食，並快速地變胖。)

2. The weather grows colder and colder.　(天氣變得愈來愈冷了。)

3. Henry has become much friendlier in the past few months.(過去幾個月來，Henry變得比較友善了。)

2. ...N + why/when/where + S + V...

說明：1. 此句型介紹關係副詞why、when以及where。關係副詞兼具連接詞及副詞兩種功能，用來引導結構完整的形容詞子句，以修飾前面的先行詞。why修飾表「理由、原因」的先行詞，when則修飾表「時間」的先行詞，而where修飾表「地點」的先行詞。

2. 「關係副詞 = 介系詞 + 關係代名詞」，why = for which，when = at/in/on/during which，而where = at/in/on/from which。所以關係副詞直接置於先行詞之後，其前面不加任何介系詞。

3. 當關係子句結構完整時須使用關係副詞；但若關係子句結構不完整時，則須使用關係代名詞。

1. There are two main reasons why fast food is popular among Asians.

(速食受到亞洲人歡迎主要有兩個原因。)

2. This is the box where I keep my rings.

→ This is the box in which I keep my rings.　(這是我收納戒指的盒子。)

3. I still remember the days when I spent with you. (×)

→ I still remember the days which/that I spent with you. (○)(我依然記得與你一起度過的那些日子。)
(關係子句中的及物動詞spend缺少受詞，句構不完整，故須用關係代名詞which/that)

3. ...who(m)/why/what/when/where/how + S (+ Aux) + V...

說明：1. 此句型介紹「間接問句」的用法，間接問句須以直述句的語序呈現，不必倒裝。疑問詞引導的名詞子句常作為動詞的受詞。

2. 疑問詞who與whom表示「人」，why表示「理由」，what表示「事物」，when表示「時間」，where表示「地方」，而how表示「方法」。

3. 間接問句的標點符號須視主要子句而定，主要子句若為直述句時，須以句點結尾；若為疑問句，則以問號結尾。

1. Here is an example of how eating fast food can damage one’s health.

(這裡有一個吃速食能如何損壞一個人健康的例子。)

2. Everybody is guessing where the stranger is from.

(每個人都在猜這個陌生人從哪裡來。)

3. Do you know how I can get to that market? (你知道我該如何去那個市場嗎？)

4. according to           據……所說

說明：1. according to後面接研究報告、紀錄或人(的想法)等，表示「據……所說，據……所載」，用來支持說話者自己的論點或意見。但注意後面接的必須是來自「他人」的說法，而非自己的，所以according to my opinion是錯誤的說法，正確的應為in my opinion。

2. according to 後面也可以接規則、計畫、說明等，表示「根據，按照」之意。作此用法時，多將according to置於句中。

1. According to a study, people who eat fast food more than twice a week are at least 4 kilograms heavier than those who eat it less than once a week.

(據一項研究顯示，每星期吃速食超過兩次的人，他們比那些吃不到一次的人重至少四公斤。)

2. According to Nick, Mr. and Mrs. Smith are going to have a baby.

(根據Nick的說法，Smith夫婦的小孩就快出生了。)

3. Is everything going smoothly according to plan so far?(每件事到目前為止都有根據計畫順利進行嗎？)

5. in order to             為了……

說明：此用法表達「目的」，可置於句首或句中，後須接原形動詞，且常省略in order，而只用to + V來表示「為了…」。in order to亦可以 so as to代換使用，但so as to通常不置於句首。

1. Some fast-food restaurants are now offering salads and fresh fruit in order to attract more customers.

(為了要吸引更多的顧客，一些速食業者現在提供沙拉和新鮮的水果。)

2. In order to catch the first train, we had better start off early.

→ To catch the first train, we had better start off early. (為了趕上第一班火車，我們最好早點出發。)

3. On my way home, I stopped at a supermarket in order to buy some fruit.

→ On my way home, I stopped at a supermarket so as to buy some fruit.

(回家的路上，我為了買一些水果停在一家超級市場。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. I went to the library in order to _____ a quiet place to study.

(A) have                   (B) had                  (C) having             (D) be having

(　) 2. After quitting smoking, John becomes _____.

(A) healthily                                           (B) more health

(C) more healthily                                  (D) healthier

(　) 3. I would like to live in a place _____ there is a lot of sunshine.

(A) when                  (B) where              (C) which              (D) how

(　) 4. Hank made me guess _____ today.

(A) whom did he meet                           (B) whom he met

(C) he met whom                                   (D) he did meet whom

(　) 5. The food is delicious, but I can’t eat anymore. I’m getting _____.

(A) fully                   (B) to full              (C) full                  (D) more fully

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. When I get excitement, my heart beats faster and faster.

                                                  (A)   (B)                      (C)

(　) ____________ 2. I don’t know how many fish are there in the river.

                                                  (A)    (B)         (C)

(　) ____________ 3. Sean couldn’t find out the reason when Tina stopped talking to

                                       (A)    (B)              (C)

him.

(　) ____________ 4. According to my opinion, Ian is the kindest person that I have

                      (A)                       (B)         (C)

ever met.

(　) ____________ 5. So as to make more money, Ester takes three part-time jobs.

                    (A)   (B)  (C)

III. 重組句子：重組下列的字詞使成為合乎語法的句子。

1. am/how far/I/wondering/Mike/run/can

→                                                                                                                             

2. knows/Frank/No one/is going/where

→                                                                                                                             

3. in/I/was/born/which/is/the town/This

→                                                                                                                             

4. sold/get/some money/in order to/The woman/her ring

→                                                                                                                             

5. me/why/Tell/go to school/yesterday/didn’t/you/the reason

→                                                                                                                             

IV. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 老師根據學生的身高將他們分成三組。

The teacher divided the students into three groups ____________ ____________ their height.

2. Daisy吃很多蔬菜水果是為了擁有完美的皮膚。

Daisy eats lots of fruit and vegetables s____________ ____________ ____________ have perfect skin.

3. 因為天色漸漸變暗，所以我們就離開公園回家了。

Because the sky ____________ ____________ ____________, we left the park and went home.

4. 我們想要知道她如何能夠獨自完成這項工作。

We want to know ____________ ____________ ____________ finish the work by herself.

5. 我永遠都不會忘記我舅舅離開我們的那一天。

I will never forget ____________ ____________ ____________ my uncle left us.

句型重點解析 UNIT 2.2

1. S (+ Aux) + be + Vpp (+ by N)

說明：1. 此句型介紹的是現在或過去簡單式的「被動語態」。被動語態的主詞為動作的承受者，而執行動作者則置於句尾以by連接，且常省略不提。

2. 被動語態也可與助動詞(Aux)連用，形成“S + Aux + be + Vpp”的句構。

1. A rumor is sometimes called an “urban legend.” (謠言有時被稱作「都市傳奇故事」。)

2. Ann’s purse was stolen by a boy. (Ann的錢包被一個男孩偷走了。)

3. Fish cannot be found in this dirty river. (在這條骯髒的河裡找不到魚。)

2. S + seem(s) to + V.... → It seems (that) + S + V....

說明

1. 此句型有推測的意味，用來表達「不確定的看法或推論」，意思為「似乎……，好像……」。句子中以人或具體的事物作主詞，後面則以seem(s) to加上原形動詞來表示。注意，seem不能以進行式使用。

2. 另外，此句型也能以第二個句型替換。句子中的it為虛主詞，用以代替that所引導的子句(真主詞)。當從第一個句型換成第二個句型時，須注意動詞的時態變化。

1. Many people are tricked by urban legends because the stories seem to be true.

→Many people are tricked by urban legends because it seems (that) the stories are true. (許多人被都市傳奇故事所騙，因為那些故事似乎都是真的。)

2. Joyce seems to have been sick for days. → It seems (that) Joyce has been sick for days.

(Joyce似乎已經病了很多天。)

3. Tracy and Mike seem to fall in love with each other.

→It seems (that) Tracy and Mike fall in love with each other.    (Tracy和Mike似乎愛上彼此了。)

3. S + V...or S + V....          否則

說明1. or此句型中為語氣轉折的連接詞，表示「否則，要不然」的意思，用來警告他人應該或不應該做什麼，不然會帶來不好的後果。

2. 連接詞or亦可作「或者」解，用以連接兩個對等的子句，前後子句的主詞和助動詞或be動詞常常相同，因此後面子句的主詞和助動詞或be動詞可省略。

1. One e-mail says never doze off on a bus or the bus driver will doze off too.

(一封電子郵件說絕不要在公車上打瞌睡，否則公車司機也會跟著打瞌睡。)

2. You should eat breakfast or you cannot focus your mind in class.

(你應該吃早餐，否則上課時你會無法專心。)

3. Lucas doesn’t want to see a movie or go shopping. (Lucas不想去看電影或去逛街。)

4. stop + V-ing...     停止做…                                        stop + to V...     停下來去做…

說明：stop加上動名詞(V-ing)時，表示「停止正在做的動作」；相反地，stop加上不定詞(to V)時，則表示「停下原先的動作而去做另一個動作」，用來強調「接下來要執行的動作」。

1. Customers stopped going to that restaurant because of the rumor about its unclean food.　(因為關於那間餐廳食物不乾淨的謠言，顧客不再去那裡用餐了。)

2. Please stop smoking. It is not allowed to smoke here. (請停止抽菸。此處禁菸。)

3. The workers stopped to take a break after they had worked for five hours.

(在工作了五個小時後，工人們停下來休息一下。)

5. S + V... + whenever/wherever/however + S + V....

說明

whenever、wherever和however均為複合關係副詞，用來引導副詞子句，以修飾主要子句的動詞，常用來加強語氣或表示讓步。複合關係副詞可置於句中或是句首，但置於句首時，須以逗點隔開兩個子句。

1. whenever可以是「每次」或「無論何時」的意思。當表示「每次」時，whenever = each/every time；作「無論何時」解時，whenever = anytime = (at) any time (that) = no matter when。

2. wherever = anywhere = at/in/to any place (that) = no matter where，作「無論在哪裏，在任何地方」解。

3. however = in any way (that)，為「不管用什麼方法」或「無論如何」的意思。however也可以先接形容詞或副詞，再接主詞和動詞，構成“however + Adj/Adv + S + be/V...”的句型，其意思相當於no matter how。

1. The Make-A-Wish Foundation has agreed to donate 7 dollars whenever this e-mail is forwarded.

→ The Make-A-Wish Foundation has agreed to donate 7 dollars each time this

e-­mail is forwarded. (許願基金會已同意這封電子郵件每被轉寄一次，就捐美金七塊錢。)

2. Wherever you want to travel, I will go with you.

→ No matter where you want to travel, I will go with you. (無論你要去哪旅行，我都會跟你去。)

3. You can decorate your own room however you like. (你可以用任何你喜歡的方式佈置你自己的房間。)

→ You can decorate your own room in any way (that) you like.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. _____ seems that my uncle’s business is getting better.

(A) That                   (B) It                     (C) What               (D) Which

(　) 2. On her way home, Iris stopped _____ a look at those beautiful flowers in the park.

(A) take                    (B) taking              (C) to take             (D) to taking

(　) 3. Would you prefer to drink orange juice _____ green tea?

(A) or                       (B) but                   (C) and                  (D) to

(　) 4. The Eiffel Tower _____ by millions of people every year.

(A) visits                  (B) visited             (C) is visited          (D) is visiting

(　) 5. I feel uncomfortable _____ I think of the terrible movie.

(A) however             (B) whenever        (C) no matter         (D) in any time

(　) 6. Tom has to get two jobs _____ his family won’t have enough money for living.

(A) but                     (B) and                  (C) so                    (D) or

(　) 7. John seems _____ Sophia because he seldom talks to her.

(A) dislike                (B) dislikes            (C) disliked           (D) to dislike

(　) 8. _____ rich Richard is, he always wants to make more money.

(A) Whenever          (B) However         (C) Wherever        (D) It

(　) 9. Zoe stopped _____ online games and went playing basketball.

(A) to play                (B) to playing        (C) playing            (D) play

(　) 10. The letter was mailed _____ Wendy yesterday.

(A) for                      (B) by                    (C) at                     (D) with

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Come in and sit no matter any place you like.

                                      (A)       (B)      (C)

(　) ____________ 2. Willy is seeming to feel not so well right now.

                                                      (A)    (B)       (C)

(　) ____________ 3. English is speaking in the United States.

                        (A)  (B)   (C)

(　) ____________ 4. Rex asked me to stop to listen to music because he had

                               (A)    (B)            (C)

something to say to me.

(　) ____________ 5. You must buy a ticket and you cannot take the train.

                        (A)          (B)     (C)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 這個禮物是Roger上禮拜送的。

   The present ____________ ____________ ____________ Roger last week.

2. Frank似乎感冒了。

  It ____________ ____________ Frank has caught a cold.

3. 你最好用功點，否則考試會全都不及格。

   You’d better study hard ____________ you’ll fail all of your tests.

4. 在我們開車五小時之後，我們停在一間餐廳吃點東西。

   After having driven for 5 hours, we ___________ ___________ ___________ something at a restaurant.

5. Peggy怕老鼠。每次她看到牠們就尖叫。

  Peggy is afraid of mice. She screams ____________ ____________ she sees them.

句型重點解析 UNIT 2.1

1. make/let/have + O + V

說明：1. make、let以及have皆為使役動詞，當其受詞為「主動發出動作者」，後面須接原形動詞。

2. 另外，使役動詞get在接上受詞之後則必須以不定詞(to V)或動名詞(V-ing)來表示，即“get + O + to V/V-ing”，受詞亦為「主動發出動作者」。

1. My mom’s phone call made me realize that committing suicide was not the answer. (我媽媽的來電讓我了解到自殺不是解答。)

2. Mr. Laurence had his daughter clean her own room.(Laurence先生叫他女兒清理她的房間。)

3. Gina made me wash the car for her.→ Gina got me to wash/washing the car for her.　(Gina叫我幫她洗車。)

2. S + had + Vpp

說明

1. 此句型為「過去完成式」，用來表示「過去某一時刻為止已完成的動作或狀態」或「比過去某個時間某個動作更早完成的動作或狀態」，常與「by + 時間」或「when/ before/after/by the time」等連用。

2. 當表示比另一個在過去時間裡還早完成的動作時，較早發生或完成的動作須用「過去完成式」，而較晚的動作則用「過去簡單式」。

3. 句子中若有表時間的連接詞before或after時，可只用過去式，因為此兩連接詞已表達了發生時間的先後順序。

1. I couldn’t figure out why my friend had done this to me.(我無法理解為什麼我朋友要如此對我。)

2. Clark had already found a job by the time he graduated from college. (Clark大學畢業時已經找到工作了。)

3. Henry and I had met each other once at a meeting before. (我和Henry曾在以前的一場會議中見過一面。)

3. except (+ for) + N        除了……之外

說明

1. except for置於句首時，for不可省略。

2. except for置於句中時，若前後所指同為人或同一類的事物時，for常省略不用，且在此情況下，前面通常會有all, every, any, no one, everything, anybody, nowhere等總括性的字詞。然而，若前後詞組所指並非屬於相同的類別，for則不可省略。

3. except for和besides均作「除了……之外」解；然而，except for用來表達「所說的人或事物不包含在內」的意思，besides則表示「所說的人或事物有包含在內」的意思。

例句

1. No one talked to me except (for)one girl.
→ Except for one girl, no one talked to me.  (除了一位女孩外，沒有人和我說話。)

2. The playground is empty except for a few children. (除了幾個小孩外，操場上空蕩蕩的。)

3. Except for Alex, everyone in the classroom is quiet. (除了Alex外，在教室裡的每個人都很安靜。)
(教室裡只有Alex很吵，其他人則很安靜)

↔ Besides Alex, everyone in the classroom is quiet.　(除了Alex外，教室裡的每個人也都很安靜。)
  (Alex很安靜，教室裡的其他人也都很安靜)

4. so...that...

說明

so…that…表示「如此……以至於……」的意思，so後面可接形容詞或副詞，而that引導表示「結果」的子句。另外，such…that…也表示「如此……以至於……」的意思，但such後面只能接名詞。

1. When meeting my old friend on the street, I was so happy that I invited her to see a movie with me.
(在街上遇到我的老朋友時，我高興得邀她和我一起去看電影。)

2. Jim always speaks so fast that I can hardly understand him.

(Jim總是話說得太快，以至於我幾乎不懂他在說什麼。)

3. Carrie was so sad that she couldn’t eat anything.
→ Carrie was in such a sad mood that she couldn’t eat anything.  (Carrie傷心得無法吃下任何東西。)

5. not...anymore       不再……

說明：1. not...anymore = not...any longer，表示「不再……」或「再也不……」的意思。此句型中的not放在be動詞或助動詞之後。

2. 亦可將“not...anymore”換成“no longer”置於句中。

1. After the fight, my friend told me that she didn’t want to be my friend anymore.

(吵架過後，我朋友告訴我她再也不想當我的朋友了。)

2. We will not go shopping in that store anymore because it always sells bad products.  (我們不會再去那家商店購物，因為那裡總是賣劣質產品。)

3. The family do not live here anymore. They moved away last year.
→ The family no longer live here. They moved away last year. (那家人不住在這裡。他們去年就搬走了。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Grandma makes Irene _____ the flowers every day.
(A) water        (B) waters        (C) watering               (D) to water

(　) 2. Laura sang the song so well _____ everyone asked her to sing one more song.
(A) which               (B) when                   (C) that                      (D) but

(　) 3. Debbie looked like a totally different person because she _____ at least 30 kilograms.
(A) loses                 (B) had lost               (C) has lost                (D) was losing

(　) 4. Jenny has not eaten anything except _____ a bowl of salad.
(A) that                   (B) with                     (C) of                        (D) ×

(　) 5. After eating the whole pizza by myself, I can _____ eat anything.
(A) anymore           (B) any longer           (C) no longer             (D) not anymore

(　) 6. I _____ any of Picasso’s paintings before I visited the museum.
(A) was never seeing                                (B) has never seen
(C) had never seen                                   (D) never see

(　) 7. It is _____ cold that I only want to stay in bed.
(A) so                     (B) such                     (C) very                     (D) ×

(　) 8. Money is not a problem _____ after Erin has gotten a well--paid job.
(A) longer               (B) anymore              (C) no longer             (D) anywhere

(　) 9. Except _____ Richard, everyone was punished for being late.
(A) of                     (B) that                      (C) for                       (D) ×

(　) 10. Amber always has her son _____ the dishes before he goes out to play.

(A) to do              (B) doing                   (C) does                    (D) do

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Emma stopped her car to let the old man to cross the street.

                          (A)        (B)             (C)

(　) ____________ 2. I had so a great time in Italy that I wanted to go there again.

                                             (A)   (B)                      (C)

(　) ____________ 3. I have to get you to leave. You cannot stay here no longer.

                                  (A)        (B)            (C)

(　) ____________ 4. Besides Norah, no one in her family would like to see the

                    (A)              (B)                  (C)

movie. Only Norah wants to see it.

(　) ____________ 5. When I got up, I found that Zoe went to work. She let me sleep

                                 (A)         (B)                  (C)

till noon.

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 這本書實在太棒了，以至於我已經看了至少有五次。

   The book is ____________ good ____________ I’ve read it for at least five times.

2. 當我今早起床時，我爸爸已經去上班了。

   When I ____________ up this morning, my father ____________ already ____________ out.

3. 除了James要上班之外，昨天全家人都放假。

  Everyone in the family had a day off yesterday ____________ James.

4. Lydia要我告訴她發生了什麼事。

  Lydia made me ____________ her what ____________ ____________.

5. 在大地震之後，那家戲院就不再營業了。

   After the big earthquake, the theater is ____________ open for business ____________.