UNIT
1
1.What
+ a(n) + Adj + N + S + Be...!
How + Adj (+ a(n)/the + N) + S + Be...!
How + Adv + S + V...!
說明
1. 此句型為感嘆句，結尾須標上驚嘆號，中文表示「多麼……啊！」。
2. what用來修飾名詞(N)，how用來修飾形容詞(Adj)或是副詞(Adv)。
例句
1. How strange this idea would be
to Japanese people!
(這個想法對日本人而言是多麼奇怪啊！)
(這個想法對日本人而言是多麼奇怪啊！)
2. What a beautiful flower it
is! (這是多麼美麗的一朵花阿！)
3. How delicious the chocolate
cakes were! (巧克力蛋糕是多麼的好吃啊！)
2. seldom/rarely/little/never...
+ Aux/Be + S...
說明
1. 此句型為否定副詞(Negative Adv)的倒裝句，有「加強語氣」的作用。當一般敘述句裡的否定副詞置於句首時，要先使用助動詞或be動詞再接主詞。
2. 其他常見的否定副詞還有hardly (幾乎不)、no longer (不再)、not until (直到……才)等。
例句
1. It seldom occurred to Aoki to
visit Taiwan
→ Seldom
did it occur to Aoki to visit Taiwan. (青木很少想過要來臺灣。)
2. I knew little about Stanley
→ Little
did I know about Stanley's past. (我對Stanley的過去所知甚少。)
3. We will never see Daisy again.
→ Never
will we see Daisy again. (我們再也見不到Daisy了。)
3. S1
+ V1.... 連接副詞(Adv), S2
+ V2....
說明
1. 連接副詞(Conjunctive Adv)用來轉折兩個句子的語氣，使前後句意連接順暢。
2. 常用的連接副詞: besides、in addition表示「附加」，however、yet表示「相反」，thus、therefore表示「結果」。
例句
1. Aoki has visited more than 45 countries. However,
seldom did it occur to her to visit Taiwan
2.Leonardo
da Vinci was a famous painter. Besides, he was a great engineer.
(達文西是一位有名的畫家。此外，他還是個出色的工程師。)
3.This book is very interesting. Therefore,
I read it again and again.
(這本書非常有趣。因此，我讀了好幾次。)
4. when
it comes to談到……
說明
1. 此片語多用於在新的段落中「提及、討論某件特定主題」。
2. 此片語後多接名詞或是動名詞。
例句
1. When it comes to expressing themselves, the
Taiwanese are much freer than the Japanese.
(在談到表達自己想法時，臺灣人要比日本人來的自由。)
2. When it comes to the computer,
Kevin is really an expert.
(說到電腦時，Kevin可是個專家。)
3. Jessica is very anxious when it comes
to writing a composition.
(在說到要寫作文時，Jessica會很焦慮。)
5. It
+ be + considered (+ to be) + Adj/N + to V....
→ To V... + be + considered (+ to be) + Adj/N....……被認為是……
說明
1. 此組句型原來以不定詞片語to V...為主詞，但因為不定詞片語往往過長，常以虛主詞it代替不定詞片語，將不定詞片語改放在句末。
2. be動詞可以依時態而作變化，如is、was、will be、has been等。
例句
1. It is considered (to be) rude to sing the same
song right after it has been sung at a Japanese KTV.
→
To sing the same song right after it has been sung at a
Japanese KTV is considered (to be) rude.
(在日本的KTV裡，馬上唱別人之前已經唱過的歌被認為是很失禮的。)
2. It is considered (to be) important to
have a good breakfast.
→ To have a
good breakfast is considered (to be) important.
(吃一頓好的早餐被認為是很重要的。)
3. It is considered (to be) a happy time
for kids and adults to celebrate Christmas.
→ To
celebrate Christmas is considered (to be) a happy
time for kids and adults.
(慶祝聖誕節被認為對小孩和大人都是個歡樂的時光。)
實力評量
( ) 1.＿＿＿＿＿ loudly the girls shouted!
(A) How (B) Why (C) What (D)
When
( ) 2.＿＿＿＿＿ an exciting movie it is!
(A) Which (B) How (C)
When (D)
What
( ) 3.When it comes to ＿＿＿＿＿, Ben always complains to his mother.
(A) the dishes (B) washing
the dishes
(C) wash the dishes (D)
washed the dishes
( ) 4. Seldom ＿＿＿＿＿ Philip drink coffee. He likes tea better.
(A) does (B) did (C)
had (D)
have
( ) 5. Judy was sick. ＿＿＿＿＿, she stayed in bed all day yesterday.
(A) However (B) Thus (C)
Besides (D) Yet
( ) 6 .It is considered ＿＿＿＿＿ to break a mirror.
(A) unluckily (B) unlucky
(C) to be unluckily (D) for luck
( ) 7.Never ＿＿＿＿＿ my boss pleased with my work.
(A) did (B) does (C)
is (D) are
( ) 8.To run a red light was considered ＿＿＿＿＿.
(A) for illegal (B) illegal
(C) as illegal (D) being illegal
( ) 9.Eunice is always excited when it comes ＿＿＿＿＿
delicious food.
(A) with (B) in (C) from (D)
to
( ) 10.Todd has eaten a big hamburger. ＿＿＿＿＿, I know he is still hungry
now.
(A) However (B) In addition (C) Besides (D) Thus
II. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 阿里山的日出是多麼美麗呀！
＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ the sunrise of Mt. Ali ＿＿＿＿＿!
2. Stella很少看漫畫。
Little ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ comic books.
3. 過著樂活的生活被認為是對環保的。
＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ a LOHAS life is considered eco-friendly.
4. Glen在這個隊伍中是多麼重要的球員呀！
What ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ Glen ＿＿＿＿＿ in the
team!
5. 在提到繪畫時，Lisa是我見過最棒的畫家。
＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿
painting, Lisa is the best painter I have ever met.
6. Johnson不富有。然而，他卻過得十分快樂。
Johnson is not very rich. ＿＿＿＿＿, he lives a very happy life.
7. Grace上學很少遲到。
Rarely ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ for school.
8. 談到玩線上遊戲時，Henry相當高興。
＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿
＿＿＿＿＿ playing
online games, Henry
is very happy.
is very happy.
9. 昨晚我的鄰居製造噪音。因此，我沒有睡好。
My neighbor made noise last night. ＿＿＿＿＿, I didn't sleep well.
10.人們在問候時帶著微笑被認為是有禮貌。
＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿ polite to greet other people with a smile.
學習與記憶的研究最早是屬於哲學的範疇，像蘇格拉底、柏拉圖這些哲學家，透過哲學三大方法論（意識內省、邏輯分析、及辯論）來研究學習與記憶，而這些都不是實驗的方法。
