B4 U3 Sentence Patterns

Unit 3

1. It + take (+ O) + time + to V....

說明 此句型表示「做某事須花費(某人)多少時間」，其中的it是虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞(to V)。而take在此表示「花費(時間)」，後接受詞(O)，受詞有時可省略。

例句 1. It took nature only a few seconds to change millions of people's lives forever.

(大自然只花了幾秒鐘時間，就使數百萬人的生活永遠改變。)

2. It will take us a whole week to clean up the mess.

(清理這團亂需要花上我們一整個星期的時間。)

3. It takes about ten minutes to ride a bike to the post office.

(騎腳踏車到郵局需要花大約十分鐘的時間。)

練習 1. Aaron spent two hours driving from Taipei to Taichung.　(改寫句子)

→                                                                 

2. The writer spent three years writing her new book.　(改寫句子)

→                                                                 

2. If + S + had (not) Vpp..., S + would/could/should/might (not) + have Vpp....

說明 此為與過去事實相反的假設語氣用法，用來表示假設的情況「與過去事實不符」，由if所引導的子句用過去完成式，而主要子句則須在過去式助動詞之後接完成式。

例句 1. If Michael Jackson hadn't written the original song, the new version might never have been recorded.

(假如麥可‧傑克森當時沒有寫下原曲，新的版本可能就永遠不會被錄製了。)
2. If I hadn't studied hard, I wouldn't have passed the exam.

(假如我當時沒有認真唸書，我就無法通過考試了。)

3. If the boy had gotten lost in the forest, he could have been attacked by the wolves.　(假如當時男孩在森林裡迷路，他有可能會遭到狼群攻擊。)

練習 1. If John          (not miss) the train, he          (may not be) late for the meeting.　(完成句子)

2. If I          (get) your message, I          (will call) you back.　(完成句子)

3. without + N/V­ing...  沒有……，不……

說明 without為介系詞，意為「沒有……，不……」，其後須接名詞或動名詞，以形成介系詞片語。除了置於句尾之外，也可置於句首，但後面須加逗點。

例句 1. Survivors were left without food or clean water.

(存活下來的人沒有食物或乾淨的水可用。)

2. My father fell asleep on the couch without turning off the television.

(我父親沒關掉電視就在沙發上睡著了。)

3. Without bringing his keys, Kevin rushed out of his house.

(Kevin沒帶鑰匙就衝出他的房子了。)

練習 1. Matt一言不發地離開了客廳。

Matt left the living room                   a word.

2. 沒有足夠的錢，Chad無法買那雙新的運動鞋。

                          , Chad couldn't buy the new sneakers.

4. S + had + Vpp

說明 1. 此為「過去完成式」的句型，用來表示「某過去時間點以前已發生並持續到該時間點的動作或狀態」或「比發生在過去某一時間點之動作更早完成的動作或狀態」，常與「by + 時間」或when、before、after、by the time等連用。

2. 句子中較早發生或完成的動作用「過去完成式」，而較晚的動作則用「過去簡單式」。

例句 1. The government was unable to help its people because many government officials had been killed in the disaster.
(政府無法幫助它的人民，因為很多政府官員已經在災害中喪命。)

2. All the students had finished the test by the time the bell rang.

(在鐘聲響起時每個學生都已寫完考卷了。)

3. The food in the new restaurant was better than I had expected.

(新餐廳的食物比我預期的還要好吃。)

練習 1. 直到Lucas上公車之前他都沒有意識到他忘了帶皮夾。

Lucas                   he                   to bring his wallet until he got on the bus.

2. Nick在Mandy抵達電影院前就買好電影票了。

Nick          already          the movie tickets before Mandy         at the theater.

5. It + be + time (+ for sb) + to V....

It + be + time + for N....

說明 此句型用來表示「該是(某人)……的時候」，time後面可接to 加原形動詞或for加名詞。

例句 1. It's time to lend a hand to life—the greatest gift of all.

(是該向生命—這最美妙的禮物伸出援手的時候了。)

2. It is time for bed.　(是該上床睡覺的時候了。)

3. The party ended, and it was time for us to leave.

(派對結束了，該是我們要離開的時候了。)

練習 1. 晚餐時間到了。

                                                                 

2. 該是我妹妹練習彈鋼琴的時候了。

                                                                 

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. Leo 　　 up to one million NT dollars when he turned 30.
(A) saves                      (B) have saved      (C) is saved             (D) had saved

( C ) 2. It should 　　 about 30 minutes to bake this chocolate cake.
(A) take                        (B) spend              (C) cost                   (D) need

( C ) 3. 　　 Internet connection, Judy couldn't check her e­mails.
(A) By                          (B) Of                   (C) For                    (D) Without

( C ) 4. It's time for Jason 　　 for his tests.
(A) to study                  (B) study               (C) studying            (D) studies

( C ) 5. My father 　　 to work before I woke up.
(A) have gone               (B) goes                 (C) gone                  (D) had gone

( C ) 6. If Alex 　　 fallen down, he 　　 won race.
(A) hadn't; can             (B) hadn't; could have
(C) haven't; could         (D) haven't; can

( C ) 7. It was time for me 　　 to school.
(A) to go                       (B) go                    (C) going                 (D) went

( C ) 8. Daniel went into the manager's office without 　　 on the door first.
(A) knock                     (B) knocking         (C) to knock            (D)knocked

( C ) 9. It took the artist 3 years 　　 this work of art.
(A) to completing         (B) complete         (C) to complete       (D) completed

( C ) 10. If you hadn't offended our client, things 　　 a lot easier.
(A) would have been                                (B) would be
(C) will have been                                    (D) will be

II. 完成句子：依據上述句型完成以下各句。

1. It will          (3 hours/finish) watching this movie.

2. If Mr. Smith          (give up) smoking earlier, he          (may not be) so ill.

3. It's time for Peter          (get) a part­time job.

4. Larry          (lose) the book that he          (borrow) from his sister.

5. Without          (ask for/my permission), my brother read the text messages on my cell phone.

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 修理這輛車花費了我父親整個下午的時間。
It          my father the whole afternoon                   the car.

2. 假如Eric沒有告訴我今天停課，我就會去學校了。
If Eric                   me that classes were canceled today, I                

            to school.

3. George沒有先暖身(warm up)就跳進游泳池了。
George jumped into the swimming pool without                   first.

4. 是我該帶我的狗去散步的時候了。
It's time          me                   my dog out for a walk.

5. Rachel在造訪峇里島之前從來沒有看過這麼美麗的海灘。
Rachel          never          such a beautiful beach before she          Bali.

B6 U5 Reading

Reading

　　Eighteen-year-old American Lisa May, a high school senior^ž, was full of anticipation¹ as she finished her last final exam. Several months earlier, she had decided that she would take a break from her formal studies after graduation². Eager to broaden her horizons, she wanted to explore the world and experience different ways of life. She made an inquiry³ at her school counselor’s^ž office and got a brochure about cultural exchanges⁴. “The next thing I knew, I was working on a farm in New Zealand, helping to take care of sheep. By the end of the year, I had also tried bungee jumping, gotten a scuba diving certificate⁵, and spotted some wild penguins,” said Lisa. The trip inspired her to study earth science^ž when she returned home.

　　Lisa is not the only one. She is part of a growing trend among young adults: choosing to take a year off from their studies, known as a “gap (p.111)

year.” The idea of a gap year originated in Europe^ž and Australia. Initially not everyone viewed it in a positive light. Many parents wrote it off as an excuse for their kids to party or waste their savings⁶. Over time, however, the concept of a gap year expanded⁷ to include a variety of productive⁸ activities, many of which are thought to be useful life experiences. Now it has become so popular that many students see the gap year as an essential step in their education.

　　A gap year can take place anywhere, even in your hometown⁹. It does not necessarily have to last for a year, and it does not have to take place between high school and university¹⁰, either. The list of activities that can be undertaken¹¹ during a gap year is endless: from trekking^ž in the Himalayas^ž or whitewater rafting^ž in the Grand Canyon^ž to volunteering in a political¹² campaign¹³ office or building homes for (p.112)

poor people. You are only limited by your imagination. No matter which option¹⁴ you choose, you will be faced with new challenges¹⁵. Of course, overcoming the obstacles¹⁶ that you may encounter can provide¹⁷ you with valuable¹⁸ skills, many of which can be used in your future career. On top of this, you are sure to make new friends along the way.

　　More universities are beginning to view the gap year as a viable^ž option for students. A study conducted by Harvard University concluded that those who take a gap year are more motivated once they return to school. Other universities say that students who have taken a gap year tend to be more independent and focused¹⁹. They insist²⁰ that a gap year should not be considered a waste of time or just a year off. Rather, they think it is important that students view it as a year “on,” for it can provide them with the opportunity to explore the world and find themselves.

(p.113)

B4 U4 Reading

READING

Visitors to Scotland are often tempted to try a Scottish national dish called haggis. Haggis is a boiled sheep’s stomach that is stuffed with a sheep’s lungs, liver, and heart. Although it is thought of as a delicacy by the locals, some visitors are not so sure about this. If you go to Scotland, will you dare to eat this dish?

Food is an important part of any travel experience, and nothing helps develop friendships or business relationships like sharing a meal. As a matter of fact, if you are not willing to try the local food when you travel, you will miss the opportunity to know more about the culture there. Most people who travel frequently realize that trying the local food is not only a great way to show respect for the host, but also an essential part of experiencing a different culture.

You may have difficulty eating exotic cuisine, but it is diplomatic to take a bite of everything that is being served to you in order not to offend the locals. As a frequent traveler, I never turn down any chance to experience a foreign culture through its food. During my travels, I have eaten a lot of weird food. In Saudi Arabia, I have tasted sheep’s eyeballs, which are served to the guest of honor. In Africa, I have tried caterpillars, which are important sources of protein for millions of people there. In Indonesia, I have eaten fried frog legs, which are not as tasty as chicken, but otherwise pretty similar. In China, I have tried a kind of boiled fish. It was so spicy that I felt like it could burn a hole in my tongue. In South Korea, I have eaten live octopus—the octopus almost stuck to my throat when I swallowed it. Eating these dishes has not always been easy for me, but it has contributed greatly to my travels and given me terrific stories to tell back home!

As for my advice for travelers who are unsure about eating strange food, the most important thing to remember is never to offend the hosts. Here are a few tips for making it easier to try foreign food. First of all, don’t ask what the food is before you try it. Very often, the food you consider weird is probably delicious—it is the thought rather than the taste that spoils your appetite. Second, take small bites, or if you are serving yourself, just take a small helping. Trying a small amount of everything first is wiser than filling your plate with a lot of food. Finally, if you have trouble swallowing something, just take a sip of your drink. This can help disguise the unfamiliar taste.

When you travel overseas, remember that you are representing your country. If you try some of the local food, you’ll probably make friends for both yourself and your country.

B4 U3 Reading

READING

In 2010, several countries were affected by major earthquakes. Indonesia, Mexico, and Chile experienced a great deal of pain and loss because of the earthquakes. However, the most tragic situation occurred in Haiti. On January 12, a powerful earthquake struck this country and wiped out much of its capital, Port-au-Prince. ˙It took nature only a few seconds to change millions of people’s lives forever.

Port-au-Prince was like hell on earth. Over 200,000 people died, and more than a million others lost their homes and businesses. Survivors were left without food or clean water, and they faced the threat of diseases and thieves. What was worse, the government was unable to help its people because many government officials had been killed and their offices had been turned into piles of broken bricks in the disaster.

It didn’t take the artists in the United States much time to decide to help Haiti. A group of well-known artists got together to re­record the charity single “We Are the World.” This classic song, written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, was originally recorded in 1985. At that time, the song was used to raise money for the poor in Africa. Now, the new version of the song is meant to help the people in Haiti. This new single contains a rap section, and it still keeps Michael Jackson’s part to show respect for the superstar. ˙After all, if he hadn’t written the original song, the new version might never have been recorded.

The deeper meaning of “We Are the World” is to remind us that human beings are one big family. When other people are suffering, we should come to their rescue. By offering help to others, our lives can become more meaningful and joyful. Moreover, the world will become a better place for the entire human race.

—by Jason Grenier

“We Are the World 25 for Haiti” (without the rap section)

There comes a time

When we heed a certain call,

When the world must come together as one.

There are people dying,

And it’s time to lend a hand to life—

the greatest gift of all.

We can’t go on

Pretending day by day

That someone, somehow will soon make a change.

We are all a part of God’s great big family,

And the truth, you know love is all we need.

[chorus]

We are the world.

(Nou se mond lan)

We are the children.

We are the ones who make a brighter day,

So let’s start giving.

There’s a choice we’re making.

We’re saving our own lives.

It’s true we’ll make a better day,

Just you and me.

Well, send them your heart,

So they’ll know that someone cares,

So their cries for help will not be in vain.

We can’t let them suffer.

No we cannot turn away.

Right now they need a helping hand.

[chorus]

When you’re down-and-out,

There seems no hope at all.

But if you just believe,

There’s no way we can fall.
Well, well, well, let us realize
That a change can only come
When we stand together as one.

Word Root: tend; tent; tens

attend
attendant
attendance
attention
attentive
attentively
tend
tent
tensile
tensity
tender
tendency
tense
contend
extend
extension
extensive
extent
intend
intended
intent
intention
intentional
protend
intense
intensity
intensive
intensify
pretend
pretension
pretentious
distend
tension
tensible