B4U5: Sentence Pattern Practice

Unit 5

1. S + Aux + not + V... + until + S + V....

說明 until為連接詞，引導表時間的副詞子句，其主要子句用否定句時，表示「直到……才……」之意。注意若until引導的子句描述的是「未來的狀況」，副詞子句須用現在式而非未來式。

例句 1. The boy did not find a companion until he met the girl.

(男孩直到遇見女孩才找到同伴。)

2. George did not go to bed until he finished his homework.

(George直到做完作業他才去睡覺。)

3. Olivia will not buy a car until she saves enough money.

(Olivia直到存到足夠的錢她才會買車。)

練習 1. until/Timothy/his name/did not/see/called/me/I

                                                                 

2. come back to work/her health/The manager/improves/will not/until

                                                                 

2. S + keep/leave/find + O + Adj

說明 1. keep、leave和find皆為不完全及物動詞，因此在受詞之後須加形容詞當補語，來補充說明受詞的狀況。

2. 在此句型中，keep和leave表示「使某人/某物保持……狀態」，而find表示「發現某人/某物處於……狀態」。

　例句 1. Do you find this story of human creation incredible?

(你是不是發現這個故事令人難以置信？)

2. Vicky's newborn baby has kept her really busy.

(Vicky剛出生的寶寶使她十分忙碌。)

3. I left the door open.　(我讓門開著。)

練習 1. her/asked us/to/alone/Peggy/leave

                                                                                  

2. the typhoon victims/The shelter/safe/kept

                                                                                

3. It + be + N (+ that) + S + V....

說明 在此句型中，真主詞為that引導的名詞子句，但因主詞過長，為避免句子出現頭重腳輕的狀況，故以虛主詞it代替，將that引導的名詞子句放到句子的後面。

例句 1. That no people live there is a pity.

→ It is a pity that no people live there.　(沒有人住在那裡真是可惜。)

2. That Frank wasn't hurt in the serious accident is a miracle.

→ It is a miracle (that) Frank wasn't hurt in the serious accident.

(Frank沒有在那場嚴重的意外中受傷真是個奇蹟。)

3. That my best friend couldn't come to my performance was a shame.

→ It was a shame (that) my best friend couldn't come to my performance.

(我最好的朋友無法來看我的表演真是遺憾。)

練習 1. Morrison先生在那場火災中失去他的家真是悲慘。

　　 　　          a tragedy          Mr. Morrison lost his home to the fire.

2. Peter在困難的數學考試中得了滿分真是令人驚奇。

                  a wonder          Peter got full marks in the difficult math test.

4. S + feel/look/smell/sound/taste + 　Adj

like + N　

說明 1.此句型為與「感官」有關的連綴動詞用法。連綴動詞為不完全不及物動詞，後面不接受詞，但須接主詞補語來修飾主詞。主詞補語可以是形容詞(Adj)或是介系詞片語like加上名詞。

2. 這類常見的動詞有：feel表示「感覺起來」、look表示「看起來」、smell表示「聞起來」、sound表示「聽起來」和taste表示「嚐起來」。

例句 1. Soon, the boy felt lonely, so he walked down the mountain to explore more of the island.　(男孩很快地感到寂寞，所以他走下山去探索島嶼上更多地方。)

2. Gloria looks beautiful in that pink dress.

(Gloria穿著那件粉紅色的洋裝看起來很美。)

3. The frog legs I had in Indonesia actually tasted like chicken.

(我在印尼吃的蛙腿其實嚐起來像雞肉。)

練習 1. 花園裡的花朵聞起來很甜。

                                                                                 

2. 天空中的那朵雲看起來像一隻狗。

                                                                                

5. S + be + said + to V....

→ It + be + said (+ that) + S + V....

說明 1. 此句型用來表示「據說……」之意。常用於此句型的字還有believe和consider，分別表示「據信……」和「一般認為……」。

2. 此句型也可改成以虛主詞it代替原本的主詞，並以that引導子句，此處that也可省略。

例句 1. All of the aboriginal tribes in Taiwan are said to have their own special myths.

→ It is said (that) all of the aboriginal tribes in Taiwan have their own special myths.　(據說臺灣所有的原住民部落都有自己特殊的神話。)

2. Ghosts are believed to come out of the underworld during Ghost Month.

→ It is believed (that) ghosts come out of the underworld during Ghost Month.

(據信鬼月的時候鬼魂會從陰間出來。)

3. Mr. Fox was considered to be one of the richest people in the country.

→ It was considered that Mr. Fox was one the richest people in the country.

(一般認為Fox先生是全國最富有的人之ㄧ。)

練習 1. Knocking on wood is said to bring good luck.

→                                                                

2. It is believed that using a smartphone too much is bad for us.

→                                                                 

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. It is 　　 that opening an umbrella indoors brings bad luck.

(A) believe                    (B) believes           (C) believed            (D) believing

( C ) 2. The steak my mother made tastes really 　　.

(A) greatly                    (B) great                (C) like greatly        (D) is great

( C ) 3. The spell will not break until the princess 　　 the frog.

(A)kissed                      (B) to kiss              (C) kiss                    (D) kisses

( C ) 4. It was a pity 　　 you couldn't attend the party.

(A) which                     (B) that                  (C) what                  (D) where

( C ) 5. Humans need water and air to keep themselves 　　.

(A) alive                       (B) life                   (C) lives                  (D) to living

( C ) 6. Having coffee is said 　　 the risk of heart disease.

(A) to reduce                (B) reduced           (C) reducing            (D) reduces

( C ) 7. After watching the movie, Gina found it quite 　　.

(A) interest                   (B) interests           (C) interesting         (D) interested

( C ) 8. Mr. Robinson won't sell the house 　　 someone offers a good price.

(A) ×                             (B) until                 (C) to                      (D) than

( C ) 9. My brother's plan for the weekend sounds like 　　.

(A) fun                         (B) funny              (C) funnily             (D) is fun

( C ) 10. 　　 was a disaster that the experiment turned out to be a failure.

(A) What                    (B) It                     (C) Which               (D) That

II. 重組句子：將以下各句重組並做適當修改。

1. It/to the war/lost her son/Mrs. Peterson/was/that/a tragedy

                                                                          

2. felt/The/soft/hotel bed

                                                                        

3. people/A lot of/touching/the story/find

                                                                      

4. stop crying/The little girl/her mother/she/will not/until/sees

                                                                       

5. good fortune/can bring/the number eight/It/said/is/that

                                                                       

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 我們不能停留久一點真是遺憾。

         was a shame          we couldn't stay longer.

2. Marcus規律運動來保持身體健康。

Marcus does regular exercise to          himself         .

3. Russell直到他的朋友離開派對後他才打開生日禮物。

Russell                   open the birthday gifts          his friends left the party.

4. 這個小鎮的人據說非常友善。

People in this town are                           very friendly.

5. 這飲料嚐起來像冰淇淋。

The drink                   ice cream.

Root: tract (draw)

attract
attractive
attractively
attractiveness
attractor
attraction
attractable

abstract
abstracted
abstractedly
abstractive
abstraction
abstractionism
abstractionist

subtract
subtractive
subtractively
substraction

extract
extraction
extractive
extractable

contract
contracted
contractor
contraction
contractive
contractual
contracture
contractile
contractible
contractibility

protract
protractile
protractor
protraction

distract

detract

retract

tractor

traction

tractable

B4 U6 Grammar in Use

GRAMMAR IN USE

1   S + make/find/think/consider + it + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....

make (讓……)、find (覺得……)、think和consider (認為……) 為不完全及物動詞，接了虛受詞it之後，必須再接形容詞作受詞補語，以使句意完整。此句型中，真正的受詞為後面的不定詞片語 (to V...)。

Examples:

1. Exercising every day makes it possible (for you) to stay healthy.

2. You might find it difficult to believe that your reaction to the situation may be influenced by your blood type.

3. Type O people think it necessary (for them) to do what is just and right.

4. The doctor considered it best for the patient to stay in the hospital.

Let’s Try!

A. 根據句型改寫下列句子。第一題為範例。

1. Many people consider that it is difficult to make a speech in public.

→ Many people consider it difficult to make a speech in public      .

2. Irene thought that it was time-consuming to do housework.

→ Irene thought                                           .

3. We found that it was interesting to perform a play in English.

→ We found                                              .

4. The actor considered that it was challenging to work with the famous filmmaker.

→ The actor considered                                     .

5. The teacher thinks that it is necessary for his students to practice expressing themselves.

→ The teacher thinks                                       .

[Ans.] 2. it time-consuming to do housework 3. it interesting to perform a play in English 4. it challenging to work with the famous filmmaker 5. it necessary for his students to practice expressing themselves

B. 根據句型及提示字完成下列句子。注意動詞變化。

1. Richard was given a very difficult job, and he                                              (think/impossible/him/finish the job/in one day).

2. Smartphones                                                   
    (make/convenient/people/share photos with their friends/anytime).

3. Helen started wearing glasses to school after she                                                 (find/difficult/see the blackboard/clearly).

4. The Internet                                               
     (make/easy/people living far away/keep in touch with each other).

5. Employees who are late for work will be punished because the boss  
                                                            (consider/important/them/be at work/on time).

[Ans.] 1. thought it impossible for him to finish the job in one day 2. make it convenient for people to share photos with their friends anytime 3. found it difficult to see the blackboard clearly 4. makes it easy for people living far away to keep in touch with each other 5. considers it important for them to be at work on time

2   as if 假設語氣：S + V + as if + S + were/V-­ed....

此句型中，as if引導表示「與現在事實相反」的副詞子句，用來表達「彷彿，好像」之意。此用法中，副詞子句裡的be動詞通常用were，一般動詞或助動詞則用過去式。

Examples:

1. The little boy behaves as if he were an adult.

2. Fanny often talks to her doll as if it understood her words.

3. People with blood type AB sometimes act as if there were two people inside one body.

Let’s Try!

A. 根據句型及提示字完成下列句子。

1. The girl hates tomatoes, and she always acts as if eating them         
            (will kill) her.

2. The kitten follows the dog everywhere as if the dog                  
(be) its mother.

3. The blind man acts as if he                        (can see).

4. Robert often talks as if he                   (know) everything.

[Ans.] 1. would kill  2. were  3. could see  4. knew

B. 根據句型重組提示字以完成下列句子。注意動詞變化。

1. Though James is not rich, he still lives as if                                               

                                                            (be/he/a king).

2. The stranger is smiling at me as if                                      
                                                       (me/know/she).

3. Mr. and Mrs. Brown treat the boy as if                                   
                                                 (be/his parents/they).

4. Dan sometimes talks as if                                                                                      

                                          (come/from another planet/he).

5. My girlfriend sometimes acts as if                                                                                                                                       

                                           (she/without me/can’t live).

[Ans.] 1. he were a king 2. she knew me 3. they were his parents 4. he came from another planet 5. she couldn’t live without me