B4U6: Vocabulary & Phrases

VOCABULARY

I. Words for Production

1. personality [&p3sN`8l1tI] n. [U][C] the qualities that form a person’s character　個性，性格

　► How people dress themselves is often an expression of their personality.

人們如何打扮自己常常是一種個性的表現。

2. reaction [rI`8kS1n] n. [C][U] an action or a feeling that is a direct result of something else　反應

 ► Grace’s immediate reaction to the news was shock. She couldn’t believe what she had just heard.

       葛芮絲對這消息的立即反應為震驚。她不敢相信她剛剛所聽到的話。

react [rI`8kt] vi. 反應  SYN respond

► The actor reacted angrily to the news about him because it was not true at all.

這名男演員對關於他的那則新聞表示憤怒，因為那完全不是真的。

3. indeed [In`did] adv. used to emphasize a statement　確實  SYN　definitely

　► The police have found the proof that the man is indeed innocent.

警方已找到這名男子確實清白的證據。

4. link [lI9k] n. [C] a way in which two or more events, ideas, people, etc., are related  關聯  SYN connection

　► According to the study, there is a link between heavy industry and air pollution.

根據這項研究，重工業和空氣污染有關聯。

link [lI9k] vt. 有關聯  SYN connect

  ► Studies show that a large amount of fat in people’s diet is linked to the risk of heart disease.

研究指出，人們飲食中大量的脂肪和得心臟病的風險有關聯。

5. crew [kru] n. [C] a group of people working together with particular skills　工作人員團隊，專業團隊

　► A film crew was making a movie in our school this morning.

一個電影團隊今早在我們學校拍電影。

6. divide [d1`vaId] vt. to separate people or things into two or more parts　分成，分開  SYN separate, split

　► Before the game started, all the participants were divided into two groups.

比賽開始之前，所有的參賽者被分成兩組。

7. punish [`p^nIS] vt. to make someone suffer because he or she has done something wrong　懲罰

　► The teacher punished me for being late for school by giving me extra homework.

老師給我額外的作業以處罰我上學遲到。

punishment [`p^nISm1nt] n. [C][U] 懲罰

　► Jim was not allowed to hang out with his friends for one week as a punishment for hitting his brother.

由於打了弟弟，吉姆一個星期不許和朋友一起出去以示懲罰。

8. anxious [`89kS1s] adj. nervous or worried about something　焦慮的，擔心的  SYN worried, concerned

　► Garry was anxious about the test, so he didn’t sleep well.

蓋瑞很擔心這次的考試，所以他沒睡好。

anxiety [89`zaI1tI] n. [U] 焦慮，擔心  SYN concern

► As the country’s economic situation gets worse, there is growing public anxiety about unemployment.

隨著國家的經濟形勢惡化，民眾對失業的焦慮逐漸增加。

9. tease [tiz] vt.; vi. to laugh at or make fun of someone in either a friendly or an unkind way  取笑，戲弄

　► Kevin always teases me about my big front teeth by calling me a “rabbit.”

凱文總是叫我「兔子」來取笑我的大門牙。

10. furious [`fj5rI1s] adj. very angry　暴怒的，狂怒的

　 ► Tom was furious with his sister for breaking his new cell phone.

湯姆因妹妹把他的新手機弄壞而暴怒。

11. witness [`wItnIs] vt. to see something happen on the spot　目擊，目睹

　 ► Adam witnessed the car accident, so the police want to talk with him about what he saw.

      亞當目擊了一場車禍，所以警方想和他談談他所看見的經過。

witness [`wItnIs] n. [C] 目擊者，見證人

　 ► One witness to the crime said the attacker was a tall, thin man.

一位案件目擊者說襲擊的人是一名高瘦的男子。

12. scold [skold] vt. to speak angrily to someone about something he or she has done　斥責，責罵  SYN tell off

　 ► Penny was scolded by her boss for being rude to the important client.

佩妮因對那位重要客戶無禮而被老闆斥責。

13. indicate [`Ind1&ket] vt. to show that something exists or is true　顯示，指出

　 ► Vincent’s good grades indicate that he is a smart and hard­working student.

文森的好成績顯示他是個聰明又用功的學生。

14. cautious [`kOS1s] adj. very careful to avoid mistakes, problems, or danger　小心的，謹慎的  ANT incautious

　 ► Joseph was very cautious about what he said in the meeting so that he wouldn’t offend his boss.

喬瑟夫對他在會議中的發言非常謹慎，這樣才不會得罪到他老闆。

caution [`kOS1n] n. [U] 小心，謹慎

　 ► The manager made the decision with caution because it would have a big impact on the company’s employees.

      經理十分謹慎地做下這個決定，因為它對公司的員工會有很大的影響。

15. tense [tEns] adj. nervous, worried, or unable to relax　神經緊張的，無法放鬆的  ANT relaxed

　 ► Marcus seemed very tense as he waited to make his speech.

在等待上台演講時，馬可仕似乎非常緊張。

16. optimistic [&Apt1`mIstIk] adj. hopeful that good things will happen in the future　樂觀的  SYN positive  ANT pessimistic

　 ► Although the patient is suffering from cancer, he is still optimistic that he will get well soon.

雖然這名病患受癌症所苦，但他仍然樂觀相信自己會很快康復。

17. tend [tEnd] vi. to do something often or usually, or to have a particular quality　傾向於，往往會

　 ► Jessica tends to be late for work in the winter because she has difficulty getting up when it’s cold.

潔西卡冬天上班往往會遲到，因為她天氣一冷就很難起床。

18. match [m8tS] vt.; vi. to connect something or someone with another because they are the same or have similar qualities　符合，相稱

　 ► The man was found guilty because his blood matched the blood that had been left at the scene.

這名男子被判有罪，因為他的血和犯罪現場所留下的血相符。

vt.; vi. to look good together　相配

　 ► The red dress matches your hair. You look very beautiful in it.

這件紅色洋裝和妳的頭髮很相配。妳穿著它看起來非常漂亮。

19. trait [tret] n. [C] a quality in one’s personality　特徵，特點

► One of my husband’s personality traits is confidence, which I find very attractive.

我丈夫的其中一項性格特徵是自信，我覺得這點非常吸引人。

 

II. Words for Recognition

1. vase [ves] n. [C] 花瓶

2. blood type [`bl^d &taIp] n. [C] 血型

3. kindergarten [`kInd2&GArtN] n. [U][C] 幼稚園

4. carefree [`kEr&fri] adj. 無憂無慮的

5. just [dZ^st] adj. 正義的，公正的

 

 

IDIOMS AND PHRASES

1. by accident  in a way that is not intended or planned　意外地  SYN accidentally  ANT on purpose

► The little boy broke the window by accident. He didn’t mean to do this.

小男孩不小心打破了窗戶。他不是故意這麼做的。

2. on the other hand  used to give another idea or opinion about something, especially when it is opposite to the one that has just been given　另一方面

► I’d like to travel around Europe this summer. On the other hand, I should probably stay home and try to save some money.

我今年夏天想要去歐洲旅遊。另一方面，我應該待在家並試著存點錢。

3. tell on  to report someone’s bad behavior to a person in authority　告發，告狀

► When my sister caught me cutting classes, she threatened to tell on me.

當我姊姊逮到我翹課時，她威脅要告發我。

4. cover up  to prevent others from discovering mistakes or the truth　掩蓋

► Instead of trying to cover up his mistake, David told his parents the truth.

大衛沒有試著要掩蓋錯誤，反而和他的父母說了實話。

to cover something completely　遮住，蓋住

► Jane covered up her body with a blanket to keep warm.

珍用毯子蓋住她的身體來保暖。

 

Unit 1 @ TOEIC

Good afternoon, Ms. Harvey. This is Joanna Jacobs from Cape Steel Company. Earlier this week, we scheduled a meeting for Wednesday at 9:00. I'm very afraid we need to reschedule the meeting because my boss, Mr. Lynch, was sent to inspect the factory in“linois at short notice. I'm terribly sorry. Mr Lynch will be back this Thursday night. He can meet your boss any time on Friday. Please give me a call and let me know when would be convenient for you. Do you have my number? I think you do, but in case you don't, my number is 234-0809, extension 3341. Sorry again for the inconvenience. If Friday isn't convenient for you, just call me and we'll see how to work it out. Talk to you soon. Bye-bye.

Good afternoon, Ms. Harvey. This is Joanna Jacobs _____ Cape Steel Company. Earlier this week, we _____ a meeting for Wednesday at 9:00. I'm very _____ we need to reschedule the meeting because my boss, Mr. Lynch, was sent to _____ the factory in Ilinois at short _____. I'm terribly sorry. Mr Lynch will be back this Thursday night. He can meet your boss any time on Friday. Please give me a call and let me know when would be _____ for you. Do you have my number? I think you do, but in _____ you don't, my number is 234-0809, _____ 3341. Sorry again for the inconvenience. If Friday isn't convenient _____ you, just call me and we'll see how to (10)_____ it _____. Talk to you soon. Bye-bye.

 

B4U6: Sentence Pattern Practice

Unit 6

1. S + make/find/think/consider + it + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....

說明 1. make (使……)、find (覺得……)、think和consider (認為……)為不完全及物動詞，受詞後仍須形容詞作為受詞補語，才能使句意完整。

2.it在此句型中為虛受詞，真受詞為之後的不定詞片語(to V)。

例句 1. You might find it difficult to believe, but your reaction to the situation may be influenced by your blood type.　(你也許會覺得難以置信，不過你的血型可能會影響你對這個情況的反應。)

2. The heavy snow made it difficult for me to drive.

(這場大雪讓我開車有困難。)

3. Most companies consider it essential for employees to have basic computer skills.　(大部分的公司認為員工需要有基本的電腦技能。)

練習 1. 醫生認為Smiths先生有必要馬上戒菸。

The doctor t                                   Mr. Smiths to stop smoking immediately.

2. Peggy 認為從錯誤中學習是很重要的。

Peggy c                           to learn from mistakes.

 

2. S + V + as if + S + were/V­ed....

說明 1. as if為連接詞，表示「彷彿，好像」之意，用來引導「與現在事實相反」的假設句。

2. as if所引導的副詞子句中，be動詞不論人稱通常用were，一般動詞或助動詞則用過去式。

例句 1. People with blood type AB sometimes act as if there were two people inside one body.　(血型AB的人有時表現得彷彿一個身體裡有兩個人。)

2. Cassandra often talks to her goldfish as if it understood her.

(Cassandra常常和她的金魚說話，好像它聽得懂她似的。)

3. Troy eats up all the food on the table as if he starved for days.

(Troy吃光了桌上所有的食物，彷彿他已經餓了好幾天了。)

練習 1. 你看起來好像是要去參加國王的宴會。

You look 　　 　　 　　 　　 you 　　 　　 going to attend a banquet for a king.

2. Michelle總是說得好像她什麼都知道一樣。

Michelle always talks 　　 　　 　　 　　 she 　　 　　 everything.

 

3. S + V + O + to V

→ S + be + Vpp + to V (+ by N)

說明 此句型為被動式的延伸用法。在主動語態中，不定詞(to V)為受詞補語，用來補充說明前面的受詞(O)。這樣的句型大多可以改寫為被動語態，且將原句的受詞(O)改寫為主詞(S)，再接不定詞。執行動作者對象身分不明確或是不重要時通常省略，若要強調執行動作者，則接於介系詞by之後。

例句 1. Imagine someone has told you not to touch a precious vase.

→ Imagine you have been told not to touch a precious vase.

(想像你被吩咐不要碰一個珍貴的花瓶。)

2. The teacher asked Mark to answer the question.

→ Mark was asked to answer the question (by the teacher).　

(Mark被要求回答問題。)

3. The boss chose Bryan to be the new manager.
→ Bryan was chosen to be the new manager (by the boss).　

(Bryan被選為新的經理。)

練習 1. My mother taught me to treat people with respect.

→                                                                 

2. The loud noise forced me to wake up in the middle of the night.

→                                                                 

 

4. S + V + what + S (+ Aux) + V....

說明 此處what為複合關係代名詞，用來引導關係子句，兼具先行詞和關係代名詞的功用，表示「非特定的事物」，相當於the thing(s) which/that。

例句 1. Some children even ran to tell the teacher the thing that had happened.

→ Some children even ran to tell the teacher what had happened.

(有些孩子甚至跑去告訴老師發生什麼事。)

2. The thing that the girl needs is some encouragement.

→ What the girl needs is some encouragement.

(這個女孩需要的是一些鼓勵。)

3. I apologized to Wendy for the things that I had said.

→ I apologized to Wendy for what I had said.

(我為我說過的話向Wendy道歉。)

練習 1. I don't know the thing which made Paul change his mind.

→                                                                 

2. Harry bought his wife the thing which she wanted for Christmas.

→                                                                 

 

5. S + tell + sb (+ that) + S + V....

說明 1. tell為授與動詞，故應有直接受詞和間接受詞的存在。其中，間接受詞 sb為主詞(S)告訴的對象，直接受詞that子句則為主詞告訴的內容。

2. 直接受詞that子句在此做名詞用，且that可以省略。

例句 1. They told the teacher without any hesitation (that) it was the man who was to blame.

(他們毫不遲疑地告訴老師那男人是罪魁禍首。)

2. My mother always tells me (that) I should have more confidence.

(我母親總是告訴我我應該更有自信。)

3. The green light tells you (that) the machine is working properly.

(綠色燈告訴你機器正在正常運作。)

練習 1. Maggie告訴Ron她會出席他的派對。

Maggie 　　 　　 Ron 　　 　　 she would attend his party.

2. 航空公司告訴我飛機因為颱風而延遲了。

The airline 　　 　　 me 　　 　　 the plane was delayed due to the typhoon.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. Most people think it convenient 　　 near an MRT station.
(A) live                           (B) lived                    (C) to live     (D) living

( C ) 2. My sister screams loudly 　　 she saw a ghost.
(A) as well as                  (B) as if                     (C) even if    (D) if

( C ) 3. Emily told me 　　 she changed her phone number.
(A) which                       (B) what                    (C) that        (D) who

( C ) 4. Kelly treats her best friend as if she 　　 her sister.
(A) are                            (B) is                         (C) be           (D) were

( C ) 5. Emily's boyfriend 　　 to join the family dinner.
(A) was invited              (B) invites                 (C) invites    (D) inviting

( C ) 6. It was noisy in the room, and I couldn't hear 　　 my friend was saying.
(A) that                           (B) what                    (C) which     (D) who

( C ) 7. Joanne was tempted 　　 another piece of the delicious cake I made.
(A) having                      (B) has                       (C) to have   (D) had

( C ) 8. The teacher found 　　 for the students to focus in class after the summer vacation.
(A) it difficult                (B) difficult it           (C) difficult (D) be difficult

( C ) 9. Nancy hasn't told her family 　　 she has a rare disease.
(A) what                         (B) ×                          (C) which     (D) who

( C ) 10. 　　 you need is a vacation.
(A) Where                    (B) Which                 (C) That       (D) What

 

II. 改寫句子：依據提示字將以下各句改寫。

1. My teacher considers that forming a good reading habit is important.
(用 it做虛主詞改寫)
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