B1 U4 Sentence Patterns: Practice

UNIT 4

說明 1. S + V/be (am/is/are)
S + V­ed/be (was/were)
S + will/be going to + V

不同的動詞形式可表現動作發生的時間及狀態，稱為「時態」。而「簡單式」表示「動作發生的事實」。「簡單式」又分為「現在簡單式」、「過去簡單式」和「未來簡單式」三種。以下為此三種「簡單式」常見的意義和動詞形式：

1. 現在簡單式：1通常表示「日常習慣」、「一般的事實、不變的真理」或「現在的狀況、動作、心理狀態」。

2第三人稱單數名詞作「主詞」時，動詞要加上“­-s”或“­-es”，其餘人稱均使用原形動詞。

2. 過去簡單式：1通常表示「過往的經歷」或「過去曾有的習慣」。

2動詞如果是規則變化，須加上“­-ed”或“-­ied”，如果是不規則變化，則須注意其過去式的動詞變化，例如go的過去式為went。

3. 未來簡單式：1通常表示「未來的預期或計畫」。

2所有人稱的動詞都可使用“will + V”，而“be going to + V”可替代“will + V”，表示「將要發生的動作」。

例句 1. We live in a “disposable” world.　(我們活在一個「用過即丟」的世界裡。)

2. Doris went to the post office yesterday.　(Doris 昨天去了郵局。)

3. They will/are going to have a meeting at 4 p.m. today.

(他們將在今天下午四點舉行一場會議。)

練習 1. Mandy每天早上七點去上學。

Mandy 　goes　 to school every day at 7 a.m.

2. Amanda將在明年退休。
Amanda 　will　 　retire　 next year.

2. after, before, when, while, because, although

說明 從屬連接詞用來引導副詞子句，其引導的副詞子句可置於句首或句尾。置於句首時，須用逗點將副詞子句和主要子句隔開。

例句 1. After the toys are fixed, they are returned to their owners.
(玩具在修好之後，將送回到主人手上。)

2. Kate didn't go to school because she had a cold.

(Kate沒有去學校，因為她感冒了。)

3. Although Natalie's father expected her to become a doctor, she followed her dream of becoming a singer.

(雖然Natalie的父親期望她成為醫生，但她還是追隨她成為歌手的夢想。)

練習 1. Roger在全家人吃完晚餐後自願要洗碗。

Roger 　volunteered　 to do the dishes 　after　 the whole family finished dinner.

2. 在我和Tony互動之前，我不知道他是如此友善。
　Before　 I 　interacted　 with Tony, I didn't know he was so friendly.

3. for + 金錢

說明 在for後面加上金錢可以用來表示「以……的價格」之意，而for free則表示「免費」。

例句 1. People can bring their broken things from home, and volunteers will fix them for free.

(人們可以從家中帶來壞掉的東西，而志工會免費修復它們。

2. Gina bought the book for 250 NT dollars.

(Gina以台幣250元的價格買了那本書。)

3. Tom sold his phone for 170 US dollars.

(Tom以美金170元的價格賣掉了他的手機。)

練習 1. Claudia以台幣一萬元的價格賣掉了她的鑽戒。

Claudia sold her diamond ring 　for　 10,000 NT dollars.

2. 因為今天是Angela的生日，餐廳將免費供應她一杯啤酒。
Since it's Angela's birthday, the restaurant is offering her a beer 　for　 　free　.

4. V­ing/Vpp + N

說明 此句型用現在分詞與過去分詞作為形容詞來修飾後面名詞。現在分詞修飾名詞表示主動或「正在進行」的動作；而過去分詞修飾名詞表示被動或「已完成」的動作。

例句 1. The toy doctors fix everything from broken stuffed animals to faulty electronic toys.

(玩具醫生從壞掉的填充玩偶到故障的電子玩具都能修理。)

2. Keep the boiling water out of the reach children.
(把沸騰的水放在孩童拿不到的地方。)

3. In Taiwan, most people drink boiled water instead of tap water.
(在台灣，大多數人喝的是煮沸過的開水而不是自來水。)

練習 1. 消防員將小孩子們從燃燒中的房子救出。
The firefighters saved the children from the 　burning　 house.

2. 這些受過訓練的狗可以在機場協助警察尋找毒品。

These 　trained　 　dogs　 can help the police find drugs at the airport.

5. Noun Clauses with “that” as Subject or Object

說明 1that引導名詞子句，可在句子中當主詞或受詞用，視為單數。

2that名詞子句作受詞時可省略that，作主詞時則必須保留。

例句 1. Through the Toy Workshop program, children learn (that) broken things do not always have to be thrown away.
(透過玩具工坊計畫，孩童們學習到壞掉的東西不一定要被扔掉。)

2. Paul noticed (that) his umbrella is missing.　(Paul注意到他的雨傘不見了。)

3. That smoking is bad for health is widely known.  (抽菸對健康不好是廣為人知的事。)

練習 1. 考試不及格表示你需要更認真唸書。

Failing the test 　means　 　that　 you need to study harder.

2. 很明顯的Ali先生不會說英文。

　That　 Mr. Ali doesn't speak English 　is　 obvious.

I. 判讀題：根據下列各題提示的動詞，填入正確的動詞時態。

　     fell     　 1. I 　　 (fall) asleep on the couch last night.

　     does　　　 2. In my opinion, nature 　　 (do) not belong to anybody.

　     was　      3. Clark 　　 (be) late for school again yesterday.

　    change  　  4. Languages always 　　 (change) with time.

　will understand　 5. Ruth hopes that her children 　　 (understand) her some day.

II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( B ) 1. Sandra 　　 to do the dishes for her mother yesterday.
(A) volunteer                (B) volunteered         (C) is volunteering       (D) volunteers

( D ) 2. It is getting warmer. Spring 　　 soon.

(A) comes                     (B) came                    (C) was coming    (D) will come

( A ) 3. There's a 　　 cat on Peggy's car roof.

(A) sleeping                  (B) sleep                    (C) slept       (D) sleeps

( C ) 4. Jessica puts all her 　　 animals on one side of her bed.

(A) stuff                       (B) stuffing               (C) stuffed   (D) stuffs

( D ) 5. Jeff and his family 　　 to Paris next month.

(A) went                       (B) go                        (C) going      (D) will go

( A ) 6. The T­shirts are 　　 10 dollars each.

(A) for                          (B) to                         (C) by   (D) with

( A ) 7. 　　 Linda is never kind to others makes her unpopular.

(A) That                        (B) Which                 (C) This        (D) What

( A ) 8. Mrs. Smith made some 　　 potatoes for dinner.

(A) baked                     (B) baking                 (C) bake       (D) were baked

( B ) 9. The mother asks her son to brush his teeth 　　 he goes to bed.

(A) as soon as               (B) before                  (C) because  (D) although

( C ) 10. I think 　　 you should stop drinking so much coffee every day.

(A) why                        (B) which                  (C) ×    (D) what

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Sally下個月將回臺灣一趟，因為她最要好的朋友要結婚了。

Sally 　will　 come back to Taiwan next month 　because　 her best friend is getting married.

2. Marvin昨天幫忙修理壞掉的電燈。

Marvin helped  repair　 the 　broken　 lamp yesterday.

3. 這位老師跟學生的互動非常好。很明顯的學生們都很喜歡她。

The teacher 　interacts/interacted　 very well with her students. It is 　apparent　 　that　 the students like her a lot.

4. Rita今天早上幫助了一名老婦人這件事帶給她極大的滿足感。

　That　 Rita helped an 　elderly　 woman this morning gave her great 　satisfaction　.

5. 在Jennifer成為母親之前，她不知道如何安撫哭泣中的嬰兒。

　Before　 Jennifer became a mother, she didn't know how to comfort a 　crying　 baby.

B1 U3 Sentence Patterns: Practice

UNIT 3

說明 1. and, but, or, so

1對等連接詞可用來連接兩個子句：and用來連接語意連貫的子句；but用來表示語意的轉折；or的語意表示選擇；so表示因果關係。

2除了子句外，對等連接詞還可以用來連接字詞和片語，注意連接的兩端必須是對等的，也就是「字詞」和「字詞」、「片語」和「片語」。

例句 1. The teacher began to put pebbles into the jar, and the students watched.
(老師開始把小石頭放入瓶子，而學生們注視著。)

2. Jack missed the school bus, so he took a taxi to school.
(Jack錯過了校車，所以他搭計程車去學校。)

3.You can come back later or wait here.　(你可以晚點再回來或是在這裡等。)

練習 1. 記者問了歌手許多問題，不過這位歌手沒有回應。
The reporter asked the singer several questions, 　but　 the singer made no response.

2. Frank走到Jenny面前，並向她自我介紹。

Frank came up to Jenny 　and　 　introduced　 himself to her.

2. make + O + OC (Adj/N)

說明 此用法表示「使……變得……，使……成為……」的意思。make為不完全及物動詞，除了接受詞外，還須加上形容詞或名詞等受詞補語來說明受詞的狀態，這樣語意才會完整。

例句 1. The teacher poured enough sand into the jar to make it full.
(老師倒了足夠的沙子讓瓶子滿起來。)

2. Eric's leadership soon made him the president of students' union.
(Eric的領導能力很快地使他成了學生會會長。)

3. The girl's musical talent made her a superstar.　
(那女孩的音樂天賦使她成了超級巨星。)

練習 1. 比薩的味道讓我餓了。
The smell of pizza 　makes/made　 　me　 　hungry　.

2. 粗重的工作使Albert的雙手變得粗糙。
All the hard work 　makes/made　 Albert's 　hands　 　rough　.

3. that is (to say).... 也就是說

說明 that is to say置於句首加逗點隔開，可用來表示「換句話說，也就是說」的意思，而to say可省略。

例句 1. That is, if you concentrate too much on the small things in life, you may miss the most important ones.
(也就是說，如果你太過專注於生命中的小事物，你可能會錯失最重要的事物。)

2. My father is my role model. That is to say, I respect him a lot.
(我父親是我的楷模。也就是說，我很尊敬他。)

3. Michael and I go back 30 years. That is to say, we have been good friends since we were kids.  (Michael與我有30年的交情。也就是說，我們自從孩提時期就是好友了。)

練習 1. 這個塑膠碗是為小孩設計的。也就是說，它就算掉落也不會破裂。
This plastic bowl is designed for children. 　That　 　is　, it won't break even if it drops.

2. 家庭是我的第一順位。也就是說，我認為我的家人比工作重要。
Family is my first 　priority　. 　That　 　is　 　to　 　say　, I think my family is more important than my work.

4. S + Vt + O + by + N/V­ing

說明 此句型為S + Vt + O的延伸用法，加上介系詞片語by + N/V­ing可以用來補充說明「藉由……，透過……」之意。介系詞片語by + N/V­ing可置於句首或句尾，置於句首時以逗號來與主要子句區隔。

例句 1. By making the jar an example of life, the teacher showed his students the importance of setting priorities.
→ The teacher showed his students the importance of setting priorities by making the jar an example of life.
(藉由將玻璃瓶比喻為人生，老師教導學生安排優先順序的重要性。)

2. Although Wendy and Peter live in different cities, they keep in touch by phone.　

(雖然Wendy和Peter住在不同的城市，他們透過電話保持聯絡。)

3. Alex tried to win Jessica's heart by giving her roses.
(Alex試著藉由送玫瑰花來贏得Jessica的芳心。)

練習 1. Bryan透過電子郵件來寄發喜帖給他的親戚朋友們。
Bryan sent the wedding 　invitations　 to his relatives and friends 　by　 　email　.

2. Tina提早做好功課以在週末和朋友出去玩。
　By　 　finishing　 her homework earlier, Tina will hang out with her friends on the weekend.

5. get in one's way  妨礙

說明 get in one's way可以用來表示「妨礙，擋……的路」，其它類似的用法有be in one's way或get in the way of sth。

例句 1. If you don't let the small things get in your way, you will lead a happy life.
(如果你不讓小事情妨礙你，你將會過著快樂的生活。)

2. Once Frank makes up his mind, he doesn't let anyone get in his way.
(一旦Frank下定決心，他不會讓任何人擋著他的路。)

3. You shouldn't let computer games get in the way of your studies.
(你不應該讓電動遊戲妨礙了你的課業。)

練習 1. 你不應該讓這個口角妨礙了你和Julie的友誼。
You shouldn't let the fight 　get　 　in　 　the　 　way　 of you and Julie's friendship.

2. 我想要進去教室，不過有幾個大箱子擋住了我的路。
I wanted to get into the classroom, but some big boxes were 　in　 　my　 　way　.

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( B ) 1. The rocks represent the most important things in your life, such as your family, your friends, 　　 your health.
(A) but                          (B) and                      (C) or                 (D) for

( C ) 2. Ben tried to put on the shirt, 　　 it was too small for him.
(A) or                            (B) so                        (C) but               (D) if

( A ) 3. Sandy poured all the water out of the bottle to make it 　　.
(A) empty                     (B) emptily                (C) emptied       (D) emptying

( B ) 4. Anna likes 　　 to the movies and 　　 shopping when she has free time.
      (A) going; to go                  (B) going; going
      (C) going; go                      (D) go; to go

( C ) 5. Sam has finished his homework. 　　 is, he can go to the night market with his friends tonight.
(A) What                      (B) Which                 (C) That       (D) Where

( A ) 6. Harry didn't offer any helpful suggestions. He was just getting 　　 my way.
(A) in                            (B) at                         (C) by   (D) with

( A ) 7. Claire got good grades on her tests 　　 studying hard.
(A) by                           (B) with                     (C) at    (D) in

( B ) 8. Ginny caught the bus, 　　 she forgot her lunchbox at home.
(A) or                            (B) but                       (C) after       (D) for

( D ) 9. Mandy is trying to lose weight by 　　 and 　　 less.
(A) exercise; eat               (B) exercised; ate
(C) to exercise; to eat       (D) exercising; eating

( C ) 10. Would you like coffee, 　　 juice?
(A) and                         (B) but                       (C) or       (D) for

II. 重組句子：將以下各句重組並做適當修改。

1. the teacher/his homework/didn't/James/do/and/wasn't pleased

  James didn't do his homework, and the teacher wasn't pleased.                           

2. It/was/stayed/raining/outside/Kevin/so/home

  It was raining outside, so Kevin stayed home.                                          

3. Helen's/made/a/famous/good voice/her/singer
  Helen's good voice made her a famous singer.                                     

4. Bob/his mother's birthday/cook/by/celebrated/a big meal/for her

  Bob celebrated his mother's birthday by cooking a big meal for her.                    

5. is trying to/Alice/her coffee/make/by/sweet/add/sugar

  Alice is trying to make her coffee sweet by adding sugar.                            

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Iris會與我們同行還是她會待在家？
Will Iris come with us 　or　 stay at home?

2. Tiffany的善良讓她在學校很受歡迎。
Tiffany's kindness 　made/makes　 　her　 　popular　 in school.

3. Eliza接受了Jimmy的道歉。也就是說，他們又是朋友了。
Eliza accepted Jimmy's apologies. 　That　 　is　 　to　 　say　, they are now friends again.

4. 在夏天，人們藉由配戴太陽眼鏡來保護眼睛。
In summer, people protect their eyes 　by　 　wearing　 sunglasses.

5. 你能幫我搬開這些沉重的箱子嗎？它們擋住我的路。
Could you help me move these heavy boxes? They are 　in　 　my　 　way　.