UNIT 4
說明 1. S + V/be
(am/is/are)
S + Ved/be (was/were)
S + will/be going to + V
S + Ved/be (was/were)
S + will/be going to + V
不同的動詞形式可表現動作發生的時間及狀態，稱為「時態」。而「簡單式」表示「動作發生的事實」。「簡單式」又分為「現在簡單式」、「過去簡單式」和「未來簡單式」三種。以下為此三種「簡單式」常見的意義和動詞形式：
1. 現在簡單式：1通常表示「日常習慣」、「一般的事實、不變的真理」或「現在的狀況、動作、心理狀態」。
2第三人稱單數名詞作「主詞」時，動詞要加上“-s”或“-es”，其餘人稱均使用原形動詞。
2. 過去簡單式：1通常表示「過往的經歷」或「過去曾有的習慣」。
2動詞如果是規則變化，須加上“-ed”或“-ied”，如果是不規則變化，則須注意其過去式的動詞變化，例如go的過去式為went。
3. 未來簡單式：1通常表示「未來的預期或計畫」。
2所有人稱的動詞都可使用“will + V”，而“be going to + V”可替代“will + V”，表示「將要發生的動作」。
例句 1. We live
in a “disposable” world. (我們活在一個「用過即丟」的世界裡。)
2. Doris went to the post office yesterday. (Doris 昨天去了郵局。)
3. They will/are going to have a
meeting at 4 p.m. today.
(他們將在今天下午四點舉行一場會議。)
練習 1. Mandy每天早上七點去上學。
Mandy goes to school every day at 7
a .m.
2. Amanda將在明年退休。
Amanda will retire next year.
Amanda will retire next year.
2. after,
before, when, while, because, although
說明 從屬連接詞用來引導副詞子句，其引導的副詞子句可置於句首或句尾。置於句首時，須用逗點將副詞子句和主要子句隔開。
例句 1. After the toys are fixed, they are
returned to their owners.
(玩具在修好之後，將送回到主人手上。)
(玩具在修好之後，將送回到主人手上。)
2. Kate didn't go to school because she had
a cold.
(Kate沒有去學校，因為她感冒了。)
3. Although Natalie's father expected her
to become a doctor, she followed her dream of becoming a singer.
(雖然Natalie的父親期望她成為醫生，但她還是追隨她成為歌手的夢想。)
練習 1. Roger在全家人吃完晚餐後自願要洗碗。
Roger volunteered to do the dishes after the whole family finished dinner.
2. 在我和Tony互動之前，我不知道他是如此友善。
Before I interacted with Tony, I didn't know he was so friendly.
Before I interacted with Tony, I didn't know he was so friendly.
3. for + 金錢
說明 在for後面加上金錢可以用來表示「以……的價格」之意，而for free則表示「免費」。
例句 1. People
can bring their broken things from home, and volunteers will fix them for
free.
(人們可以從家中帶來壞掉的東西，而志工會免費修復它們。
2. Gina bought the book for 250 NT dollars.
(Gina以台幣250元的價格買了那本書。)
3. Tom sold his phone for 170 US dollars.
(Tom以美金170元的價格賣掉了他的手機。)
練習 1. Claudia以台幣一萬元的價格賣掉了她的鑽戒。
Claudia sold
her diamond ring for 10,000 NT dollars.
2. 因為今天是Angela的生日，餐廳將免費供應她一杯啤酒。
Since it's Angela's birthday, the restaurant is offering her a beer for free .
Since it's Angela's birthday, the restaurant is offering her a beer for free .
4. Ving/Vpp
+ N
說明 此句型用現在分詞與過去分詞作為形容詞來修飾後面名詞。現在分詞修飾名詞表示主動或「正在進行」的動作；而過去分詞修飾名詞表示被動或「已完成」的動作。
例句 1. The toy
doctors fix everything from broken stuffed animals to faulty
electronic toys.
(玩具醫生從壞掉的填充玩偶到故障的電子玩具都能修理。)
2. Keep the boiling water out of the
reach children.
(把沸騰的水放在孩童拿不到的地方。)
(把沸騰的水放在孩童拿不到的地方。)
3. In Taiwan
(在台灣，大多數人喝的是煮沸過的開水而不是自來水。)
(在台灣，大多數人喝的是煮沸過的開水而不是自來水。)
練習 1. 消防員將小孩子們從燃燒中的房子救出。
The firefighters saved the children from the burning house.
The firefighters saved the children from the burning house.
2. 這些受過訓練的狗可以在機場協助警察尋找毒品。
These trained dogs can help the police find drugs at the airport.
5. Noun
Clauses with “that” as Subject or Object
說明 1that引導名詞子句，可在句子中當主詞或受詞用，視為單數。
2that名詞子句作受詞時可省略that，作主詞時則必須保留。
例句 1. Through
the Toy Workshop program, children learn (that) broken things do not always
have to be thrown away.
(透過玩具工坊計畫，孩童們學習到壞掉的東西不一定要被扔掉。)
(透過玩具工坊計畫，孩童們學習到壞掉的東西不一定要被扔掉。)
2. Paul noticed (that) his umbrella is missing. (Paul注意到他的雨傘不見了。)
3. That smoking is bad for health is widely
known. (抽菸對健康不好是廣為人知的事。)
練習 1. 考試不及格表示你需要更認真唸書。
Failing the
test means that you need to study harder.
2. 很明顯的Ali先生不會說英文。
That Mr. Ali doesn't speak English is obvious.
fell 1. I (fall) asleep on the couch last night.
does 2. In my
opinion, nature (do)
not belong to anybody.
was 3. Clark (be) late for school again yesterday.
change 4. Languages always (change)
with time.
will
understand 5. Ruth
hopes that her children (understand)
her some day.
II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。
( B
) 1. Sandra to do the
dishes for her mother yesterday.
(A) volunteer (B) volunteered (C) is volunteering (D) volunteers
(A) volunteer (B) volunteered (C) is volunteering (D) volunteers
( D ) 2. It is getting warmer. Spring soon.
(A) comes (B)
came (C) was coming (D) will come
( A ) 3. There's a cat on Peggy's car roof.
(A) sleeping (B)
sleep (C) slept (D) sleeps
( C ) 4. Jessica puts all her animals on one side of her bed.
(A) stuff (B)
stuffing (C) stuffed (D) stuffs
( D ) 5. Jeff and his family to Paris next month.
(A) went (B) go (C) going (D) will go
( A ) 6. The Tshirts are 10 dollars each.
(A) for (B)
to (C) by (D) with
( A ) 7. Linda is never kind to others makes her
unpopular.
(A) That (B)
Which (C) This (D) What
( A ) 8. Mrs. Smith made some potatoes for dinner.
(A) baked (B)
baking (C) bake (D) were baked
( B ) 9. The mother asks her son to brush his
teeth he goes to
bed.
(A) as soon as (B)
before (C) because (D) although
( C ) 10. I think you should stop drinking so much coffee every
day.
(A) why (B)
which (C) × (D) what
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. Sally下個月將回臺灣一趟，因為她最要好的朋友要結婚了。
Sally will come back to Taiwan next month because her best friend is getting married.
2. Marvin昨天幫忙修理壞掉的電燈。
Marvin helped repair the broken lamp yesterday.
3. 這位老師跟學生的互動非常好。很明顯的學生們都很喜歡她。
The teacher interacts/interacted very well with her students. It is apparent that the students like her a lot.
4. Rita今天早上幫助了一名老婦人這件事帶給她極大的滿足感。
That Rita helped an elderly woman this morning gave her great satisfaction .
5. 在Jennifer成為母親之前，她不知道如何安撫哭泣中的嬰兒。
Before Jennifer became a mother, she didn't know how to
comfort a crying baby.
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