文法句型解析與補充
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Focal Point 1
連接詞 + S + V, S + V.
→（連接詞）V-ing..., S + V.
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學習建議
當副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，由連接詞所引導的副詞子句若為主動語態，可以省略主詞改為分詞構句：V-ing..., S + V.，用來表「時間」、「原因」、「條件」、「讓步」、「附帶狀況」等意思，注意只有副詞子句做變化，主要子句不變。學習順序建議如下：
(1) 複習主動語態分詞片語的句型（見B3 L2）。
(2) 教授主動語態的分詞構句。
(3) 教授主動語態分詞構句的應用句型。
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複習句型 主動語態的分詞片語
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... N + who/which/that
+ V...
→ ... N + V-ing...
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說明：主動語態的形容詞子句可簡化為現在分詞片語，其步驟為：
(1) 省略關代who/which/that。
(2) 表主動的動詞改成現在分詞V-ing。
• The lady who is singing on the
stage is my sister.
→ The lady singing on the stage is my sister.
• The little panda that is playing
with the ball is so cute.
→ The little panda playing with the ball is so cute.
• That strange man who stood by
the door has been watching you for a long while.
→ That strange man standing by the door has been watching you for a
long while.
課文句型 主動語態的分詞構句
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連接詞 + S + V, S + V.
→（連接詞）V-ing..., S + V.
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說明：
(1) 分詞構句的類型（副詞子句的連接詞）：
→ 表時間或順序：when, while, as, after, as soon as
→ 表理由：as, because, since
→ 表條件：if, unless
→ 表讓步：although, though
(2) 動詞為be-V時，須改為being，並可將其省略。
(3) 若是副詞子句為完成式，則需將have、has或had改為having。
(4) 副詞子句為否定句時，改為Not + V-ing。
(5) 若省略從屬連接詞易語意不清，則保留連接詞。
(6)
可提醒同學，只會在有連接詞引導的副詞子句做變化，主要子句不需做任何 改變。
• When I took the train to Taipei
→ Taking a train to Taipei
•
As the woman was hungry and tired, she stopped walking and took a rest
in a convenience store.
→ (Being) Hungry and tired, the
woman stopped walking and took a rest in a convenience
store.
•
Because the students had finished taking their final exams, they were
allowed to hold a class party.
→ Having finished taking their final
exams, the students were allowed to hold a class
party.
•
Since Penny did not know how to get to the train station, she asked a
passer-by for help.
→ Not knowing how to get to the train station, Penny asked a
passer-by for help.
• After I started studying English,
I became more interested in American culture.
→ (After) Starting studying English, I became more interested in
American culture.
補充句型 主動語態分詞構句的應用
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1. S + V1... V2-ing....
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說明：兩個動作同時發生時，第二個動作用現在分詞，表示第一個動作發生時，同時也有另一動作在進行著。
• Alice
• The crowd stayed in the church singing.
• We arrived in the city feeling
excited.
(p.114)
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2. S + V1..., V2-ing....
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說明：兩個動作沒有同時發生，則第二動作可用現在分詞，前面加上逗點。
• Betty lay on the grass and stared at
the stars.
→ Betty lay on the grass, staring at
the stars.
• The policeman entered the room and
searched everywhere.
→ The policeman entered the room, searching
everywhere.
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3. （連接詞）S1 + V1-ing..., S2 + V2.
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說明：此為獨立分詞構句，當兩個子句的主詞不一樣時，則兩個主詞都保留，連接詞省略，副詞子句的動詞改為現在分詞（主動）。
• Since it was a rainy day, we did
nothing but stay at home.
→ It being a rainy day, we did
nothing but stay at home.
• Because winter vacation is over,
students have to return to school.
→ Winter vacation being over,
students have to return to school.
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4. S + V...(,) with + 名詞 + V-ing....
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說明：介系詞with可用來引導出附帶的動作。若前述名詞的狀態為主動時，使用現在分詞V-ing。
• I can’t concentrate on my work with
all the noise going on.
• Benson read the sad story, with
tears falling down his cheeks.
•
With the typhoon coming, many people in the village are starting
to make sure their roofs are
secure.
句型演練
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A. 請將括弧內動詞改為正確的分詞
1. (speak) fluent English, Shirley works part-time
as an interpreter.
2. (not have) a sufficient budget, I decided not
to buy a car.
3. (have) been practicing the piano for years,
John will win first prize in the contest
for sure.
*4. Alice sat under a tree (read) a novel.
*5. The boy looked at the cake, with his mouth (water) .
B. 請將以下句子改為分詞構句
1. While I was driving on the freeway, I saw a car accident.
→ ,
I saw a car accident.
2. Since I have not watched the movie, I have no idea how it ends.
→ ,
I have no idea how it ends.
3. Since Betty was sick, she took a day off.
→ ,
Betty took a day off.
*4. I surfed the Internet and listen to music at the same time.
→
I surfed the Internet
to music at the same time.
*5. Mom gave me one hundred dollars and asked me to buy some fruit.
→
Mom gave me one hundred dollars,
.
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Focal Point 2
連接詞 + S + be + P.P...., S + V.
→（連接詞）（Being）P.P...., S + V.
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學習建議
當副詞子句與主要子句的主詞相同時，由連接詞所引導的副詞子句若為被動語態，可以省略主詞改為分詞構句：P.P..., S + V.；此「分詞構句」可表「時間」、「原因」、「條件」、「讓步」、「附帶狀況」等意思。學習順序建議如下：
(1) 複習被動語態分詞片語的句型（見B3 L2）。
(2) 教授被動語態的分詞構句。
(3) 教授被動語態分詞構句的應用句型。
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複習句型 被動語態的分詞片語
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... N + who/which/that
+ be + P.P....
→ ... N + P.P....
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• The statue that is located in the
park is made of copper.
→ The statue located in the park
is made of copper.
• The scholarship that is offered by
the school adds up to NT$1,000,000.
→ The scholarship offered by the
school adds up to NT$1,000,000.
• The man who was hit by a car
was sent to the hospital immediately.
→ The man hit by a car was sent
to the hospital immediately.
課文句型 被動語態的分詞構句
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連接詞 + S + be + P.P...., S + V.
→（連接詞）（Being）P.P...., S + V.
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說明：原則同主動語態。須注意表示被動時，連接詞if/when/once/unless常會保留。
• Because Peggy was ignored by
Marvin, she felt very upset.
→ Ignored by Marvin, Peggy felt
very upset.
• Since Sabrina had been fired,
she had no choice but to borrow money from her parents.
→ Having been fired, Sabrina had
no choice but to borrow money from her parents.
• Although people are not informed
of this news by the government, they have learned it from the media already.
→ Although not informed of this news
by the government, people have learned it from the media already.
• If Jenny were invited to the
wedding, she would be eager to attend.
= If invited to the wedding,
Jenny would be eager to attend.
補充句型 被動語態分詞構句的應用
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1. S + V..., and + S + be + P.P....
→ S + V..., P.P....
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注意：and子句可以分詞構句簡化，請注意前後子句的主詞務必相同。
• The teacher sat on a chair, and she
was surrounded by her pupils.
= The teacher sat on a chair, surrounded
by her pupils.
• Many children go to school, and they
are accompanied by their dads or moms.
→ Many children go to school, accompanied
by their dads or moms.
補充句型 附帶動作的分詞
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2. S + V... + (,) with + 名詞 + P.P....
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說明：前述名詞為被動狀態時，with所引導的動作由過去分詞P.P.來表達。
• She was listening to music with
her eyes closed.
• We watched the movie with our
cellphones turned off.
• After the heavy rain, the town was a
disaster, with roads covered by mud.
• The stranger stood at the gate, with
a knife hidden behind his back.
(p.116)
句型演練
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A. 將下列各句劃底線部分簡化成分詞結構
1. As Ryan had been deserted by his family
members, he was homeless.
→ ,
Ryan was homeless.
2. As
→ ,
3. While I was shopping at a market, I
saw a building burning.
→ ,
I saw a building
burning.
4. If
→ ,
*5. The man played the guitar in
the park, and he was watched by many passersby.
→ The man played the
guitar in the park,
.
B. 引導式翻譯
1. Sally因為被老師責罵，所以她非常沮喪。
,
Sally felt very depressed.
2. 由於年輕愚笨，Dylan錯過許多成功的機會。
,
Dylan has missed many chances for success.
3. 因為發高燒，Judy沒有上學。
,
Judy didn’t go to school.
4. 如果遭到颱風嚴重損壞，機場就會關閉幾天。
,
the airport will be shut down for a few days.
*5. 李太太出門，留下兒子單獨待在家。
Mrs. Lee went out, .
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*為補充句型之練習題
