Book 4 Unit 6 文法句型解析與補充

文法句型解析與補充

Focal Point 1 S + be + said/believed/thought + to + VR.

學習建議 本單元介紹用來表「據說……；據信……；據認為……」的that子句與不定詞片語之改寫；不定詞以不同的語法來表達「時間」之觀念：如 to + VR 表「現在或未來」，to + have P.P.表「過去或完成」。 學習順序建議如下： (1) 複習句型：It is said/believed/thought that + S + V (2) 課文句型：S + be said/believed/thought + to VR (3) 補充句型：S + be said/believed/thought + to have P.P. (4) 其他相關補充句型

複習句型 虛主詞代替真主詞that

It is + said/believed/thought + that + S + V.... （據說／據信／據認為……）

說明：：此句型中「It」為虛主詞，「that子句」為真正主詞。

• It is said that Martin was very handsome when he was young.

• It is deeply believed that too much stress may cause mental diseases.

• It is thought that Michael Jackson was one of the greatest singers ever.

課文句型 ... to VR指「現在或未來」

人／物 + be said/believed/thought + to VR.... （據說／據信／據認為……）

說明：指「現在」或「未來」的事實或發生的事情，應用... to + VR。

• Adam is said to be an honest and friendly person.

• Twins are believed to have many things in common.

• The dove is thought to be a symbol of peace.

補充句型 ... to have P.P.指「過去或完成」

人／物 + be said/believed/thought + to have P.P. （據說／據信／據認為……已……）

說明：指「過去的事實」或「過去已經發生過的事情」應用 ... to + have P.P.。

• Tom is said to have resigned his position as general manager.

• Italians are believed to have invented pizza.

• The old man who lived at the end of the block is thought to have died two months ago.

補充句型 ... to VR指「現在或未來」

人／物 + be rumored/reported + to VR.... （據謠傳／據報導……）

• The young manager is rumored to visit the famous bar every day after work.

• The billionaire is rumored to own several islands in the South Pacific.

• An old lady is reported to have seventy cats in her house.

• The movie star is reported to possess five luxury vehicles.

補充句型 ... to have P.P.指「過去或完成」

人／物 + be rumored/reported + to have P.P. （據謠傳／據報導……已……）

• Some species of rare plants are reported to have disappeared from the earth.

• The child is rumored to have been saved from drowning by a dog.

• The village is reported to have been buried by a sudden mudslide.

• One-fifth of elephants in Africa are reported to have been killed illegally.

(p.138)

補充句型 虛受詞代替真受詞that

Legend/Rumor/Report + has it that S + V.... （據傳說／據謠傳／據報導……）

說明：此句型中的「it」為形式受詞，「that子句」為真正受詞。

• Legend has it that Chinese people set off firecrackers during the Lunar New Year to frighten off monsters.

• Rumor has it that Tom won a jackpot and became a millionaire overnight.

• Report has it that a strong cold wave coming down from Mongolia will hit Taiwan next week.

補充句型 主詞為People/They的that子句

People/They say that S + V....（據說……）

說明：本句型亦是指「據說……」，可以和本課的主要句型互換，意思相同。此句型中的主詞people和they是指不特定的人們，所以一般譯為「人們說……」、「據說……」，而非譯為「他們說……」。

• People say that the CEO of this company is going to retire next year.

• They say that the famous actress is already pregnant.

句型演練

A. 改寫句子 1.   It is said that some animals are able to sense natural disasters ahead of time. → Some animals                                                      . 2.   It is believed that Frank comes from a poor family. → Frank                                                             . 3.   It is thought that black is an evil color in several Asian countries. → Black                                                             . *4. It is said that Anita has made a lot of money in her business. → Anita                                                             . *5. It is believed that the pilot was killed in the crash. → The pilot                                                          . *6. Rumor has it that Hank cheated on the final exam. → Hank                                                             . B. 引導式翻譯 1.   普遍相信健康比財富重要。 Health is generally believed                                           . 2.   據說那位女士擁有六棟房子。 The woman is said                                                  . 3.   據說中國沙塵暴下星期會到達臺北。 A sandstorm from China                                             . *4. 據說他以前曾在非洲當醫療志工。 He is said                                                         . *5. 人們相信他曾經是個藝術家。 He is believed                                                     . *6. 據報導，北極熊數量正快速減少。 The polar bear population is reported                                                                                                    . *7. 謠傳她在鄉下養了許多流浪狗。 She is rumored                                                     .

*為補充句型之練習題

(p.139)

Focal Point 2 ... the belief/fact/idea/news/... that + S + V....

學習建議 本單元介紹名詞子句作同位語使用的句型。同位語是名詞相等語，作補充說明用，使名詞的意思更清楚。而名詞子句所構成的同位語句型常用來補充說明事實、看法、信念等。本課將重點放在名詞子句作受詞的用法，佐以其他補充句型。 學習順序建議如下： (1) 課文句型：名詞子句作受詞／主詞同位語。 (2) 補充句型：名詞作同位語。 (3) 其他補充句型：that子句作主／受詞的用法。

課文句型 名詞子句作受詞同位語

S + V + the belief/fact/idea/news/... + that + S + V....

說明：置於受詞後的that子句為名詞子句，作受詞同位語，補充說明the belief/fact/idea/news/...的內容為何。

• We hold the belief that only by working hard can we achieve something great.

• Mr. Parker’s teaching theory is based on the idea that practice makes perfect.

• Jeff finally accepted the fact that health is above wealth after his mother died of cancer.

• The mother still clings to the hope that her son will come back one day.

• Many people believe in the saying that greed is the root of all evils.

課文句型 名詞子句作主詞同位語

The belief/fact/idea/news/... + that + S + V....

說明：置於主詞後的that子句為名詞子句，作主詞同位語，補充說明the belief/fact/idea/news/...的內容為何。其他會接同位語的名詞有：report、thought、saying、hope……等等。

• The belief that beauty is goodness is not always true.

• The idea that we can have a barbecue at the beach is great.

• The fact that knowledge is power can’t be denied.

• The news that the movie was to be released soon made Jessie very excited.

• The report that Jay and Lynn have gotten married has proved to be true.

補充句型 名詞作同位語

1. S, 主詞同位語 , V.... 2. S + V + O, 受詞同位語

說明：同位語是一個名詞或名詞片語，用來補充說明前面的名詞或代名詞，兩者用逗號隔開。

• Tony, the best pitcher on our team, has injured his arm and can’t play tomorrow.

• Mt. Jade, the highest mountain in Taiwan, is known for its natural beauty.

• Tom is good at playing the electric guitar, an essential musical instrument in a rock band.

• My favorite poet is Li Bai, the writer of “Quiet Night Thought” (靜夜思).

補充句型 that子句作主／受詞的用法

1. that子句作主詞： (1) That S + V + V.... (2) It is necessary/important/... + that + S + (should) + VR.... 2. that子句作受詞： (3) S + V + (that) S + V....

說明：

(1) 句型(1)中，由that引導名詞子句當作主詞，此時that不能省略。

(2) 句型(2)中，It為虛主詞，that子句為真正主詞；且that子句內的動詞前面通常會省略原本應有的助動詞should，故須使用原形動詞。

(3) 句型(3)中，that引導的名詞子句是當作主要動詞的受詞，that可以省略。

• That the earth moves around the sun is known by everyone.

• That the painting was worth two million dollars shocked Iris.

• It is important that a country’s natural resources (should) be protected.

• It is necessary that people follow traffic rules to ensure safety.

• Everybody knows (that) Jeremy is the best basketball player in our school.

• Karen suddenly realized (that) she hadn’t eaten anything for 10 hours.

(p.140)

句型演練      

A. 句子合併 1.   The news was that Joe had won the lottery. The news was true. →                                                                   2.   The fact is that money is not everything. All of us have to accept the fact. →                                                                   3.   Local people still preserve the old custom. The custom is that brides must be dressed in white. →                                                                   *4. We should try our best to protect the environment.  It is important. →                                                                   *5. The company will reduce their workload.  All the employees hope so. →                                                                   B. 引導式翻譯 1.   我們必須接受每個人有一天都會死去的事實。 (... the fact that...) →                                                                   2.   我們可以到公園野餐的想法實在太棒了。 (The idea that...) →                                                                   3.   許多人相信時間就是金錢。 (... the belief that...) →                                                                   *4. Nicole喜歡吃肉導致她出現了一些健康問題。 (That Nicole...) →                                                                   *5. 我同學們認為這次考試非常困難。 (... thought that...) →

*為補充句型之練習題