Book 4 Unit 4 文法句型解析與補充

文法句型解析與補充

Focal Point 1 S + Vt + if/whether + S + V.

學習建議 本課句型在介紹將一般問句嵌入另外一個句子時的變化方式――將之變成名詞子句，也就是將疑問詞轉化成連接詞，而句子內部不再使用助動詞來製造倒裝句，這種名詞子句通常也可稱為間接問句。 (1) 間接問句if/whether。 (2) 名詞子句how/wh-。

課文句型 間接問句if/whether

1. S + Vt + if/whether + S + V. 2. S + Vt + whether + S + V (+ or not). = S + Vt + whether (+ or not) + S + V. 3. Whether + S + V + or not, S + V.

說明：

(1) 此句型為由yes/no問句變化而來。

(2) whether引導的名詞子句，可在其後或句尾加上or not。

(3) whether於句首引導副詞子句時，不可與if互換。

• I have no idea if/whether the weather will clear up tomorrow.

• The workers are trying to see if/whether the new machine works well.

• I’m just going online to see whether my stocks have increased in value or not.

= I’m just going online to see whether or not my stocks have increased in value.

• Nancy didn’t know whether she should tell her mom that she had lost her keys again or not.

= Nancy didn’t know whether or not she should tell her mom that she had lost her keys again.

• Whether you like it or not, I have decided to buy the car.

• Whether it rains tomorrow or not, I will play golf with Edward.

補充句型 名詞子句how/wh-

S + V + how/wh- + S + V.

• Tina: “I don’t know where Sue studies German.”

Nina: “I don’t (know), either.”

• Sam is thinking about what he should say at his son’s wedding.

• This alarm clock will tell us when we should stop working and take a rest.

• We have no idea how those animals could survive the extreme cold.

• Scientists can’t predict precisely when and where a natural disaster will strike.

句型演練

A. 句子合併 1.   Is Stewart married? I am not sure about that. →                                                                  . 2.   Will Olivia come to the party? I don’t know. →                                                                  . 3.   Would Kevin’s parents return from their holiday this weekend? Kevin wasn’t sure. →                                                                  . *4. Where had her daughter gone? The mother wanted to know. →                                                                  . *5. When will the weather clear up? There is no telling. →                                                                  . B. 引導式翻譯 1.   不管你相不相信，Pam真的已經出國深造了。                                                                  . Pam really has gone abroad for advanced studies. 2.   John無法決定是否該買這棟房子。 John couldn’t make up his mind                                                                                                          . 3.   Dorothy 是否愛我，對我而言一點也不重要。                                                                   doesn’t matter to me.

*4. 學生們正在討論他們該如何善用時間。 The students are talking about                                                                                                           . *5. 我們老師指出我們考試中犯了多少錯誤。 Our teacher pointed out                                                                                                                .

*為補充句型之練習題

 

Focal Point 2

S + may/must + VR/have + P.P.....

學習建議

may/must可以用來表示「猜測」之意：may/must + VR表示「對現在的猜測」；may/must + have P.P. 表示「對過去的猜測」。學習順序建議如下：

(1) may/must 基本語法。

(2) may/must + VR表「對現在的猜測」。must語氣較堅定。

(3) may/must + have + P.P.表「對過去的猜測」。

(4) 表「猜測」與「假設」的語法結構。

複習句型 may/must 的用法

1. may 可能 2. must 一定　SYN have to

說明：must, have to的過去式應用had to。

• Ray may be a gifted painter; his sand pictures are incredible.

• To become a good violinist, Paul must practice the violin every night.

• We had to call off the dinner party last night because there was a storm.

課文句型 對現在的推測

S + may/must + VR

說明：本句型是對目前事情的推測。

• According to the weather report, it may rain.

• It must be raining outside because everyone is carrying an umbrella.

課文句型 對過去的推測

S + may/must + have P.P.

說明：(1)本句型是對過去事情的推測。(2)句中常有表過去的時間副詞或過去的動詞作為判斷的依據。

• Jack hasn’t arrived yet. His flight may have been delayed.

• Alan can’t find his glasses. He may have left them on the table.

• I can’t find my cellphone. I must have left it at home.

補充句型 對現在的推測與假設

推測：may/must + VR 假設：would/could/might/should + VR

• Lily must be crazy. She has been talking to herself for hours.（推測）

• It is said that when lots of earthworms (蚯蚓) are seen on the road, an earthquake may be about to strike.（推測）

• If it were not for these big trees, there would be no pleasant shade.（假設）

• If Danny were here, he would take your advice.（假設）

補充句型 對過去的推測與假設

推測：may/must + have + P.P. 假設：would/could/might/should + have + P.P.

• Lucy may have been beautiful once, but she is not beautiful anymore.（推測）

• I have not seen Norman for a week; something must have happened to him.（推測）

• You would have recovered if you had taken your medicine.（假設）

• We could have caught the train if we had arrived earlier.（假設）

句型演練      

A. 重組與合併 1.   must / She / home / gone / have → We don’t see Rosa anywhere. 　                                        2.   must / It / stolen / been / have → I can’t find my purse. 　                                              3.   may / She / have / gotten lost / on the way → Tina hasn’t arrived yet. 　                                             4.   Alan can’t find his novel. It is possible that he left it on the bus. → Alan can’t find his novel. He 　                                       . 5.   The ground is wet. I am sure Mr. Wang watered the plants this morning. → The ground is wet. Mr. Wang 　                                      . B. 引導式翻譯 1.   Cathy沒來上學，她可能生病了。 Cathy didn’t come to school; 　                                      . 2.   Joe不在家，他一定出去慢跑了。 Joe isn’t at home; 　                                               . 3.   門上有便條紙，Alice一定來拜訪過我。 There is a note on the door. 　                                         4.   Jean不會講中文，她可能是日本人。 Jean can’t speak Chinese. 　                                          5.   Alan一直在咳嗽，他一定是感冒了。 Alan has been coughing a lot.