Unit 8 Animal Communication
Although body language is an important part of animal mating rituals, it is a vital means of communication in many other situations too. Many animals have greeting rituals. When different members of the same species meet in the wild, they may be uncertain __1__ they are facing an enemy or a friend. So they go through careful greeting rituals to make sure that the other animals do not intend to __2__.
Other animals make special signals to __3__ the members of their species if there is danger nearby. One kind of deer in North America has a white tail. When it is frightened, it runs away with its white tail __4__ upright in the air. The other deer see this warning sign and know that they should run away too.
Honey bees use body signals to __5__ information. They spend the summer collecting pollen and nectar from flowers __6__ honey. If a bee finds a large group of flowers, it returns to the hive. There it dances, flying around in the __7__ of eight, wriggling and shaking its body as it __8__ so. When the others see these movements, they learn where the flowers are and fly out to __9__ the pollen.
Like humans, animals also express their moods and feelings through __10__ expressions. Chimpanzees open their mouths __11__ and show their teeth when they are frightened or excited. They often stick out their lips as a sign of greeting and press their lips __12__ when they want to look threatening.
( ) 1. (A) that (B) which (C) of which (D) whether
( ) 2. (A) attend (B) attack (C) survive (D) arrest
( ) 3. (A) warn (B) greet (C) make (D) find
( ) 4. (A) hold (B) holding (C) to hold (D) held
( ) 5. (A) acquire (B) gather (C) pass on (D) pass away
( ) 6. (A) making (B) gathering (C) to make (D) to gather
( ) 7. (A) clue (B) line (C) figure (D) circle
( ) 8. (A) is (B) does (C) can (D) will
( ) 9. (A) require (B) produce (C) make (D) harvest
( ) 10. (A) wise (B) startled (C) facial (D) embarrassed
( ) 11. (A) wide (B) widely (C) big (D) greatly
( ) 12. (A) together (B) apart (C) away (D) on
Unit 9 Anger of the Sun
A hundred years ago, sun-tanned skin was not
fashionable. Tanned skin usually meant that a person worked in the sun.
Farmers, construction workers and cowhands all had tans. More educated people
had inside jobs, so their skin did not get __1__. In fact, many people tried to
protect their skin from the sun __2__ people would think that they were
educated. They wore hats with large brims, and women carried beautifully
embroidered parasols to __3__ the rays of the sun.
Later in the twentieth century, tanned skin became
much more fashionable. Young people everywhere sat in the sun for hours,
turning from side to side __4__ a perfect tan. A tan was then fashionable: only
wealthy people could spend a lot of free time in the sun!
The sun's rays can also cause changes __5__ the
cells of the skin. Arizona and other sunny places like Queensland and Australia
have many cases of cancer. In skin cancer, some skin cells are not normal. They
grow __6__. So people today shield their skin from the sun. Doctors __7__ several
ways to protect the skin.
1. Stay __8__ the sun's
rays between 10:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M. This is the time of a day when the sun's
rays are the most dangerous.
2.
Use a sunscreen --- a __9__ lotion. It should have an SPF of at least 15.
3. Wear __10__ clothing.
Wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants or skirts will protect
skin from the sun.
( ) 1. (A) lighter (B) brighter (C)
darker (D) fresher
( ) 2. (A) so that (B) for fear that (C)
since (D) once
( ) 3. (A) keep away (B) fall in (C)
catch (D) hide
( ) 4. (A) getting (B) get (C)
got (D) to get
( ) 5. (A) for (B)
in (C) to (D) at
( ) 6. (A) under control (B) out of control (C) up to date (D) out
of date
( ) 7. (A) forbid (B) conclude (C)
apply (D) recommend
( ) 8. (A) in (B)
into (C) out of (D) far from
( ) 9. (A) detective (B) protective (C)
receptive (D) attentive
( ) 10. (A) appropriate (B) intensive (C)
loose (D) tight
