B1 U7 & U8 Sentence Pattern Practice

UNIT 7

1. S + V +疑問詞(why/who/whom/what/when/where/how) + S (+ Aux) + V....

說明 1此句型為疑問詞引導名詞子句的間接問句用法，疑問詞所引導的名詞子句為主要子句的受詞。不同於一般的疑問句的形式，間接問句的主詞和動詞不用倒裝，以直述句的方式呈現，即S (+ Aux) + V。注意疑問句中的助動詞do/does/did通常不用於名詞子句。

2使用的疑問詞視句意不同而改變: why表示「理由」、who和whom表示「人」、what表示「事物」、when表示「時間」、where表示「地點」、how表示「方法」。

3在此句型中，句尾的標點符號由主要子句決定。若主要子句為直述句，該句以句點結尾；若主要子句為疑問句，該句則以問號結尾。

例句 1. Do you know why flowers bloom in spring?　(你知道為什麼花開在春天嗎？)

2. Can you tell me where the restroom is?　(你可以告訴我洗手間在哪裡嗎？)

3. I don't know who the girl in red is.　(我不知道穿著紅色的女孩是誰。)

練習 1. 你可以告訴我現在幾點了嗎？
Can you tell me 　what　 　time　 　it　 　is　?

2. 我不知道會議什麼時候開始。
I don't know 　when　 the 　meeting　 　starts　.

 

2. S + Vt + IO + DO
→ S + Vt + DO + Prep + IO

說明 1此句型裡的動詞稱為授與動詞，是及物動詞(Vt)的一種。授與動詞有兩個受詞(O)：一個是授予的事物，為直接受詞(DO)；另一個則是給予的對象，稱作間接受詞(IO)。

2授與動詞後方可先加間接受詞，再加上直接受詞。但是，若授與動詞後方欲先加上直接受詞，則須於其後加上介系詞(Prep)，例如to或for等，再加上間接受詞。

3常見的授與動詞和其搭配的介系詞如下：
(1) bring/give/lend/sell/send/show/teach/tell/... + DO + to + IO
(2) bring/buy/get/make... + DO + for + IO

4如果直接受詞是代名詞，如it或them時，必須以代名詞加上介系詞後，再加間接受詞的方式呈現。

例句 1. Demeter gave Persephone all of her love.
→ Demeter gave all her love to Persephone.　(狄蜜特給波瑟芬妮她全部的愛。)

2. Fred bought his girlfriend a new purse.
→ Fred bought a new purse for his girlfriend.  (Fred買了新皮包給他的女朋友。)

3. Ginny made her mother a cake on her birthday.
(Ginny在她媽媽生日那天做了個蛋糕給她。)

練習 1. 我把我的筆記本借給了Denise。
I 　lent　 my notebook 　to　 Denise.

2. Peter從美國寄了張明信片給我。

Peter 　sent　 　me　 a 　postcard　 from the United States.

 

3. because of

說明 because of 為介系詞片語，表示「因為……」，後面須接名詞或名詞片語。注意單獨because則為從屬連接詞，後面需接副詞子句，不可接名詞。兩者皆可置於句首或句中，置於句首時須加逗點隔開。

例句 1. Trees were fruitful and blooming all the time because of Demeter.
(因為狄蜜特，樹木總是結實纍纍、開花不斷。)

 

2. Because of the delayed train, Sam was late.
→ Because the train was delayed, Sam was late.　(Sam因為火車誤點而遲到。)

3. Carlos quit smoking because of his daughter.　(Carlos因為他的女兒而戒菸。)

練習 1. 農民們因為今年的豐收感到愉快。
The farmers were delighted 　because　 　of　 the good 　harvest　 this year.

2. Bertha因為感人的電影哭了。
Bertha cried 　because　 　of　 the 　touching　 movie.

 

4. S₁ + V₁ + .... 連接副詞(Adv), S₂ + V₂ ....

說明 1連接副詞(conjunctive adverb)為具有連接功能的副詞，主要的目的在於連接兩個獨立子句，讓語意更為順暢。注意連接副詞雖然能連接語意，但不為連接詞，所以使用連接副詞連接兩個獨立子句時，第一個子句要用分號或句號，而不是逗號。

2常見的連接副詞: however、nevertheless表示「然而」，thus、therefore表示「因此」，as a result表示「結果」， besides、in addition、moreover示「此外」。

例句 1. Hades instantly fell in love with Persephone. Therefore, he quickly seized her.
(黑帝斯馬上就愛上了波瑟芬妮。因此，他立刻抓住她。)

2. The old man is very rich; however, money can't buy happiness.
(這位老先生非常的富有。然而，金錢買不到幸福。)

3. Amanda didn't sleep well last night. Thus, she fell asleep in class.
(Amanda昨晚沒睡好。因此，她在課堂上睡著了。)

練習 1. 這位有名的演員演出了很多電影。此外，他也寫了一些他自己的歌。
The famous actor has starred in a lot of movies. 　In　 　addition　, he has also written some of his own songs.

2. Jimmy整晚熬夜，結果他睡過頭而上學遲到了。
Jimmy stayed up all night. 　As　 　a　 　result　, he overslept and was late for school.

 

5. so...that...

說明 so...that...表示「如此……以至於……」的意思，so後面可接形容詞或副詞，而that引導表示「結果」的子句。另外，such...that...也表示「如此……以至於……」的意思，但such後面只能接名詞。

例句 1. A mother's love is so powerful that it can even change nature.
→ A mother's love is such a powerful thing that it can even change nature.
(母親的愛是如此強大，甚至可以改變自然界。)

2. Carrie always speaks so fast that I can hardly understand her.
(Carrie總是話說得太快，以至於我幾乎聽不懂她在說什麼。)

3. Clark was so busy that he didn't have time for lunch.
(Clark是如此地忙碌以至於他沒時間吃中餐。)

練習 1. Alex為他的演講到如此緊張，以至於他整晚輾轉難眠。
Alex was 　so　 　nervous　 about his speech 　that　 he tossed and turned all night.

2. Debbie的心情糟到她吃不下任何東西。
Debbie was in 　such　 a bad mood 　that　 she couldn't eat anything.

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. Larry won't tell me 　　
(A) what is his secret?        (B) how is his secret?
(C) what his secret is.         (D) how his secret is.

( A ) 2. Do you want to know where 　　
(A) I bought this watch?        (B) did I bought this watch.
(C) I bought this watch.         (D) did I bought this watch?

( D ) 3. David 　　 his daughter a pink bicycle.
(A) bought for              (B) was bought         (C) bought to       (D) bought

( B ) 4. Fiona 　　 her ring　　 Rosetta.

(A) sold; from              (B) sold; to                (C) gave; for            (D) gave; from

( B ) 5. Elsa loves playing the violin. 　　, her mother sent her to a music school.

(A) However                (B) Therefore            (C) In addition     (D) Nevertheless

( A ) 6. The baseball game was canceled because 　　.

(A) of the bad weather           (B) the bad weather
(C) of the weather is bad        (D) the weather bad

( A ) 7. When Pandora opened the box, all the bad things came out. 　　, hope was still inside.

(A) Nevertheless          (B) Therefore            (C) Thus           (D) Besides

( C ) 8. Ray called in sick because 　　.

(A) of he has a fever                (B) his fever
(C) he has a fever                     (D) of has fever

( D ) 9. Norah was 　　 tired 　　 she fell asleep on her desk.

(A) very; why               (B) such; that            (C) too; to        (D) so; that

( B ) 10. The movie was 　　 scary 　　 Helen covered her eyes with her hands.

(A) very; why               (B) so; that                (C) too; to        (D) such; that

 

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

( C )  where the hotel is  1. Samuel does not know where is the hotel.

                               (A)     (B)       (C)

( A )       so         2. Harry was very hungry that he ate two lunchboxes.

                                (A)        (B)   (C)

( B )      because      3. Jenny didn’t pick up the phone because of she was asleep.

                                   (A)             (B)            (C)

( B )        ×         4. Emma brought to her friends some chocolate from France.

                               (A)  (B)                       (C)

( A )       such       5. I had so a great time in Italy that I wanted to go there again.

                           (A)    (B)                     (C)

 

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Danny 不知道為什麼Iris會對他生氣。
Danny doesn't know 　why　 Iris 　is　 　angry　 with him.

2. Zoe直到考前最後一刻才唸書。結果，她考試考得不好。
Zoe didn't study for her test until the last moment. 　as　 　a　 　result　, she didn't do well on the test.

3. Lydia因為健康問題必須辭掉工作。
Lydia had to quit her job 　because　 　of　 her health problem.

4. George在Denise生日那天買了一些花給她。
George 　bought　 some flowers 　for　 Denise on her birthday.

5. Nina心情好到她開始唱歌。
Nina was in 　such　 a good mood 　that　 she started singing.

 

 

 

 

 

UNIT 8

1. S (+ Aux) + be + Vpp (+ by N)         

說明 在被動語態中，主詞為接受動作者，用來強調接受動作者或是動作本身，動詞寫成「be動詞 + 過去分詞(Vpp)」。執行動作者接於介系詞by之後，若by後面所接的對象身分不明確或是不重要時則可省略。

例句 1. The new year is celebrated by the Igbo people in Nigeria around March 20.

(奈及利亞的伊格博人約在三月二十日慶祝新年。)

2. Traffic rules should be strictly followed.　(交通規則應該被嚴格遵守。)

3. The thief was soon caught by the police.　(那個小偷很快就被警察抓到了。)

練習 1. 花瓶被Tom打破了。
The vase 　was　 　broken　 　by　 Tom.

2. Betty今天早上被媽媽叫醒。
Betty 　was　 　woken　 　by　 her mother this morning.

 

2. It + be + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....

說明 此句型中的it為虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞(to V...)，當不定詞片語(to V...)較長時，可以虛主詞it代替；因此本句型也可寫為“To V... + be + Adj (+ for sb)”。而在it作虛主詞的句型中，for sb通常置於句中，且在to V之前，但也可依需要放在句首，或者被省略。

例句 1. It is important for people in Japan to wake up early to see the first sunrise of the year.
→ To wake up early to see the first sunrise of the year is important for people in Japan.　

(對日本人來說，早起看一年的第一個日出是很重要的。)

2. It is common for me to have dinner after 8 p.m.
(對我來說，在八點以後吃晚餐是稀鬆平常的事。)

3. For drivers, it is very dangerous to drink and drive.
(對駕駛人來說，酒後駕車是非常危險的。)

練習 1. 熬夜對你不好。

It is 　bad　 　for　 you to 　stay　 　up　 late

2. 把錢包還給失主是對的。
It was  right　 to 　return　 the wallet to its owner.

 

3. ...as + Adj/Adv + as...

說明 1此句型表示「和……一樣……」之意，為以形容詞 (Adj) 或副詞 (Adv) 原級來表示兩者在某方面相等的比較。第一個as是副詞，用來修飾後面的形容詞或副詞，第二個as是連接詞，用來引導副詞子句。

2當主要子句的動詞為be動詞或連綴動詞時，as之間須用形容詞原級；若為一般動詞時，則用副詞原級。

3第二個as所引導的子句動詞若和主要子句重複則可以省略。

例句 1. In Russia, New Year's Eve is as important as Christmas in the United States.
(在俄羅斯，除夕和美國的聖誕節一樣重要。)

2. Gabriel speaks English as well as Ted (does).
(Gabriel英文說得和Ted一樣好。)

3. Zack has become as tall as his brother (is).

(Zack已經變得和他哥哥一樣高了。)

練習 1. 這臺筆記型電腦只和一瓶水一樣重。

This laptop is only 　as　 　heavy　 　as　 a bottle of water.

2. Lily的眼睛和天空一樣藍。
Lily's eyes are 　as　 　blue　 　as　 the sky.

4. as a way of + V-­ing...

說明 a way of加上V-­ing表示「……的方式」，前面加上介系詞as，有「當作」之意，所以整個片語的意思為「作為……的方式」。

例句 1. People in Japan eat buckwheat noodles as a way of sending away the old year.
(日本人以吃蕎麥麵的方式送走舊的一年。)

2. Frank sends e­mails as a way of keeping in touch with his friends in Canada.

(Frank以寄電子郵件作為和他在加拿大的朋友保持聯絡的方式。)

3. They set up a large playground as a way of attracting kids.
(他們設置了一個大型的遊樂區作為吸引孩童的方式。)

練習 1. 籃球隊舉辦了一個派對作為慶祝勝利的方式。
The basketball team held a party 　as　 　a　 　way　 　of　 　celebrating　 their victory.

2. Michael以寫歌作為抒發情感的方式。
Michael writes songs 　as　 　a　 　way　 　of　 expressing his emotions.

 

5. sb + spend + 時間／金錢

說明 1spend的主詞必須為「人」，後可接「時間」表示「度過或花費(時間)」；也可接「金錢」，表示「花費(錢)」。

2若要表示花時間或錢「在某事物上」，介系詞用on，即sb + spend + 時間／金錢 + on + N；若要表示「做某事」，後面動詞須改為動名詞(V­-ing)，即sb + spend + 時間／金錢 + V-ing。

例句 1. Most Japanese adults spend a quiet day at home on New Year's Day.
(大部分的日本成年人在元旦時會在家度過寧靜的一天。)

2. Irene spends a lot of money on clothes and cosmetics every month.
(Irene每個月花很多錢在衣服和化妝品上。)

3. Barbara has spent two weeks reading that novel.
(Barbara已經花了兩個星期閱讀那本小說。)

練習 1. Natalie花了兩年的時間在美國念書。
Natalie 　spent　 　two　 　years　 　studying　 in the United States.

2. Linda通常花很少錢在娛樂活動上。
Linda normally 　spends/spent　 little 　money　 on leisure activities.

 

 

 

 

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( D ) 1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith spent two days 　　 up the house.
(A) clean                       (B) cleaned                (C) to clean  (D) cleaning

( C ) 2. It is common for me 　　 a glass of water after I get up.
(A) drink                      (B) drinking              (C) to drink  (D) by drinking

( C ) 3. Paul has become as 　　 as his father.
(A) strongly                  (B) stronger               (C) strong     (D) strongest

( A ) 4. Roy is 　　 heavy as Frank.
(A) as                            (B) by                        (C) for  (D) of

( C ) 5. Tina gave me a homemade cake 　　 a way of welcoming me.
(A) on                           (B) to                         (C) as   (D) by

( D ) 6. It is good for you 　　 every day.
(A) exercising               (B) exercise               (C) exercised        (D) to exercise

( D ) 7. Spending two thousand NT dollars 　　 that umbrella sounds crazy.
(A) with                        (B) by                        (C) for  (D) on

( B ) 8. Jimmy gave roses to Mary 　　 a way of showing his love for her.
(A) to                           (B) as                         (C) on   (D) by

( A ) 9. The dress 　　 by my mother.
(A) is made                   (B) makes                  (C) made      (D) is making

( B )10. The church 　　 two hundred years ago.
(A) builds                     (B) was built             (C) built       (D) was building

 

II. 配合題：從下列框中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...as a way of relaxing after a long day at work.

(B) ...had the skin as white as snow.

(C) ...for Jack to finish this 3000­word report in ten minutes.

(D) ...three hours every day practicing the violin.

(E) ...brought to Olivia on her birthday party.

　E　  1.Gifts and flowers were...

　C　  2.It is impossible...

　B　  3.The queen's daughter...

　A　  4.Molly takes a hot bath...

　D　  5.William spends...

 

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 對我來說，能造訪一直夢想要去的地方是美好的。
It's   wonderful　 　for　 me 　to　   visit　 the place that I have always dreamed of going to.

2. 桌上的蛋糕是Gloria做的。
The cake on the table 　is/was　 　made　 　by　 Gloria.

3. 我的腳踏車和Fred的一樣貴。
My bike is 　as　 　expensive　 　as　 Fred's.

4. 你打算在哪裡度過你的暑假？
Where do you plan to 　spend　 　your　 　summer　   vacation　?

5. 我姊姊以練習瑜珈作為紓壓的方式。
My sister practices yoga 　as　 　a　 　way　 　of　 reducing stress.