Unit
03
additional [ə`dɪʃənḷ]
a. 額外的，另加的
片語：an
additional + 數字 額外若干⋯ = an extra + 數字
衍生字：add [æd]
vt. & vi. 增加 ①；addition [ə`dɪʃən] n. 增加 ②
So many children
came to the party that additional tables and chairs were required. / 參加派對的孩子太多，以致於需要備用的桌椅。
You have to pay
an additional charge for overweight baggage. / 超重的行李你必須額外付費。
Completion of
this project calls for an additional $500,000. / 要完成這項計劃另需 50 萬美元。
additionally [ə`dɪʃənḷɪ]
adv. 除此之外（= in addition）
同義字：besides
[bɪ`saɪdz] adv. 此外 ②
furthermore [`fɝðɚ͵mɔr] adv. 而且 ④
moreover [mɔr`ovɚ]
adv. 而且 ④
The rent is
cheap. Additionally, the location is perfect.
= The rent is
cheap. In addition, the location is perfect.
= The rent is
cheap. On top of that, the location is perfect.
除了房租便宜之外，地點更是棒得沒話講。
advantage [əd`væntɪdʒ]
n. 優勢，優點，益處，便利
片語：take
advantage of sb 佔某人的便宜
take advantage
of sth (to V) 利用某物（以⋯）
Bill's superior
strength gave him an advantage over his opponents.
比爾的力氣比對手大多了，因此使他佔了上風。＊opponent [ə`ponənt] n. 對手、敵手
This book has
the advantage of being easy to use. / 這本書的優點在於它很容易使用。
All students are
invited to take advantage of our student discounts. / 竭誠歡迎所有學生多加利用我們的學生折扣優待。
That dirty old
man tried to take advantage of a young girl. / 那個老色鬼企圖佔一位小女孩的便宜。
announce [ə`naʊns]
vt. 公布，宣布
同義字：declare
[dɪ`klɛr] vt. 宣告 ④；proclaim [pro`klem] vt. 聲明；表明
⑥
John will
announce who will play the characters in the play. / 約翰會公佈該戲劇中的角色由哪些人擔綱。
Their engagement
was officially announced last June. / 他們訂婚的消息在去年 6 月正式宣佈。
announcement [ə`naʊnsmənt]
n. 公告，宣佈
片語：make an
announcement that... = announce that... 宣告⋯
The announcement
of the name of the winner will be made at three o'clock. / 這次得獎人的名單將於
3 點鐘發佈。
The politician
made a formal announcement that he would resign early next year. / 這名政治人物正式宣告明年初他將辭職。
attempt [ə`tɛmpt]
n. 企圖，嘗試 vt. 企圖，嘗試
片語：make an
attempt to V 企圖要⋯ = attempt to V；in an attempt to V 為了要⋯ = in order to V
The suspect made
another attempt to break free. / 該名嫌犯再度試圖脫逃。
I attempted to
warn Peter of the dangers of the task, but he just wouldn't listen. = I made an
attempt to warn Peter of the dangers of the task, but he just wouldn't listen.
/ 我企圖警告彼得該任務的危險，但他根本聽不進去。
In an attempt to
beat the traffic, many people hit the road earlier. / 為了避免交通擁擠，許多人提早上路。
audience [`ɔdɪəns]
n. 觀眾（集合名詞，通常不加 s，後接複數動詞）
片語：a large
audience 很多觀眾；an audience of 5,000/10,000 5千／1萬名觀眾
Because of the
rain, the audience at the concert was small. / 由於下雨的緣故，那場音樂會的觀眾很少。
The concert drew
a large audience. / 那場演唱會吸引了很多的觀眾。
延伸：audience
為集合名詞，表多寡時，應使用 large 或 small 來修飾。
many/few
audiences (×) → a large/small audience (○) 許多／很少觀眾
比較：spectator
[`spɛktetɚ] n. 觀眾（可數名 詞，複數需加 s）
column [`kɑləm] n. 圓柱，專欄
衍生字：columnist
[`kɑləmnɪst] n. 專欄作家 ⑥
The wooden
columns are severely decayed as a result of exposure to the elements. / 由於受到風吹雨淋的關係，這些木製的柱子已經嚴重腐朽了。
Nicole writes a
weekly column for The China Post . / 妮可每星期替《中國郵報》寫專欄。
crew [kru] n. （船上或飛機上的）全體工作人員（集合名詞，不可數）
片語：a crew
of 20/50 20／50位工作人員
We have twenty
crews on our ship. (×)
→We have a
crew of twenty on our ship. (○)
= We have twenty
crew members on our ship. / 我們船上一共有 20 位工作人員。
despite [dɪ`spaɪt]
prep. 儘管
同義字：in
spite of... 儘管⋯ = notwithstanding...
＊notwithstanding
[͵nɑtwɪθ`stændɪŋ] prep. 儘管
Despite our best
efforts, we couldn't save the dying man. = In spite of our best efforts, we
couldn't save the dying man. = Notwithstanding our best efforts, we couldn't
save the dying man.
儘管我們盡了最大的努力，還是無法挽救那位瀕臨垂死的人。
destroy [dɪs`trɔɪ]
vt. 毀壞，破壞
衍生字：destructive
[dɪ`strʌktɪv] a. 有破壞力的 ⑤
同義字：damage
[`dæmɪdʒ] n. & vt. 破壞 ②；ruin [`ruɪn] vt. 破壞
反義字：restore
[rɪ`stɔr] vt. 重建 ④
The typhoon
destroyed the whole area. / 颱風把這一帶全部摧毀了。
The bribery
scandal destroyed the politician's reputation. / 這次賄賂醜聞毀了該政客的名聲。＊bribery [`braɪbərɪ]
n. 賄賂
destruction [dɪ`strʌkʃən]
n. 破壞
The destruction
caused by the earthquake was immense. / 這次地震引起的破壞很大。＊immense [ɪ`mɛns] a. 巨大的
disadvantage [͵dɪsəd`væntɪdʒ]
n. 缺點
What are the
advantages and disadvantages to/of living in the country? / 住在鄉下的利弊是什麼？
due [dju] a. 由於（與介詞 to 並用），預定的，到期的
片語：due to
N/V-ing 由於⋯ = owing to N/V-ing = because of N/V-ing = on account of N/V-ing =
as a result of N/V-ing；be due to V 預定⋯ = be expected to V
Jim was absent
from work yesterday due to illness. / 吉姆昨天因生病而未來上班。
This fìlm is due
to be released next Tuesday. / 這部電影預定在下星期二上映。
This check is
due on August 31. / 這張支票 8 月 3 1
日到期。
feature [`fitʃɚ]
n. 特徵，特色 vt. 以⋯為主要特色
同義字：characteristic
[͵kærəktə`rɪstɪk] n. 特色 ④；trait [tret] 特色 ⑥
What are the
features of your new TV set? / 你新的電視機有什麼特色？
This book
features the beauty of nature.
= This book
highlights the beauty of nature. / 這本書以大自然的美為主題。
fund [fʌnd] n. 基金，資金（複數）
vt. 提供資金
片語：raise
funds for... 為⋯籌募基金
衍生字：fundraiser
[`fʌnd͵rezɚ] n. 募款人／募款機構；募款活動（如餐會）
We contributed
to the charity fund. / 我們捐款給這個慈善基金。
The hospital is
trying to raise funds for research into AIDS. / 這家醫院正設法為愛滋病研究籌募資金。
The research was
primarily funded by the government. 這項研究計畫大部分是由政府資助。＊primarily [praɪ`mɛrəlɪ] adv. 主要地
funding [`fʌndɪŋ]
n. 基金（不可數，= funds）
The school needs
more funding to carry out the teaching program. / 該校需要更多的基金來推動這項教學課程。
immoral [ɪ`mɔrəl]
a. 不道德的
同義字：wicked
[`wɪkɪd] a. 邪惡的
Taking advantage
of other people's misfortune for one's own gain is immoral. / 把自己的利益建築在別人的不幸上是不道德的。＊misfortune [mɪs`fɔrtʃən] n. 不幸
latter [`lætɚ]
a. 後者的 pron. 後者（之前置 the）
反義字：former
[`fɔrmɚ] a. 前者的 & pron. 前者（之前置 the）②
The resume of
the latter interviewee was quite impressive. / 後一位面試者的履歷令人印象深刻。＊resume [͵rɛzjʊ`me]
n. 簡歷表，履歷表
John and Peter
are both my friends. The former is a teacher, while the latter is a soldier. / 約翰和彼得都是我的朋友。前者是老師，後者則是軍人。
lifestyle [`laɪf͵staɪl]
n. 生活方式
The topic of the
magazine this month is living a healthy lifestyle. / 這本雜誌這個月的主題談的是如何過健康的生活方式。
manage [`mænɪdʒ]
vt. 經營，管理，設法做⋯（之後接 to 引導的不定詞片語）
片語：manage
to V 設法⋯
She managed the
hotel while her father was ill. / 她父親生病時，飯店由她經營。
I'll manage to
contact you as soon as I get to San
Francisco
manageable [`mænɪdʒəbḷ]
a. 易處理的
The big
dictionary was not of a manageable size for a child. / 這本大字典的尺寸讓小朋友使用起來很不方便。
management [`mænɪdʒmənt]
n. 經營，管理，資方，企業高層（不可數，且多不與 the 並用）
片語：under
sb's management 在某人的管理下
The store is
under his management. / 這家店現在由他經營。
The management of
the factory was a tough job. / 管理這家工廠是個艱難的工作。
The union
decided to go on strike after management refused to give way. / 資方拒絕讓步後，工會決定罷工。
manager [`mænɪdʒɚ]
n. 經理
The manager fìred two
employees for stealing. / 經理將兩位偷竊的員工開除了。
延伸：general
manager 總經理；assistant manager 副理
mission [`mɪʃən]
n. 任務
片語：be on a
mission 執行任務
Rumor has it
that Michael is on a secret mission in Syria
moral [`mɔrəl]
a. 教導明辨是非的，道德的 n. 寓意
衍生字：morality
[mɔ`rælətɪ] n. 道德；正義 ⑥
同義字：ethical
[`ɛθɪkḷ] a. 道德的 ⑥
The fìlm has a
good moral lesson. / 這部影片有個很好的教訓，要我們明辨是非。
He is a true and
moral man. / 他是一個真誠而有道德的人。
The moral of
this story is that money cannot buy happiness. / 這個故事的寓意就是，金錢無法買到幸福。
obvious [`ɑbvɪəs] a.
明顯的
同義字：evident
[`ɛvədənt] a. 明顯的 ④
There has been
no obvious improvement in the patient's condition. / 這位病人的情況一直沒有明顯的改善。
obviously [`ɑbvɪəslɪ]
adv. 顯然地
Obviously, I am
not to blame. / 顯然地，我並沒有錯。
origin [`ɔrədʒɪn]
n. 起源，出身
衍生字：originate
[ə`rɪdʒə͵net] vi. 源於（與介詞 in 或
from 並用）；originality [ə͵rɪdʒə`nælətɪ] n. 原創性 ⑥
Word has it that
the practice of headhunting originated from that island. / 據說這種獵頭的習俗源自那個島上。
There are many
English words of Latin origin. / 英文有許多字源自拉丁文。
He tried to hide
his humble origins. / 他試圖隱瞞他卑微的出身。
original [ə`rɪdʒənḷ]
a. 原來的，原創的 n. 原著，原文
同義字：initial
[ɪ`nɪʃəl] a. 最初的 ④；innovative [`ɪno͵vetɪv] a. 創新的
⑥
The original
plan was later changed. / 最初的計畫後來有所更動。
She has a very
original idea. / 她有一個非常有創意的點子。
Have you read
the original of the report? / 這份報告的原文你看過了沒有？
originally [ə`rɪdʒənḷɪ]
adv. 原本，最初地（起先）
同義字：in the
beginning 起先
反義字：eventually
[ɪ`vɛntʃʊəlɪ] adv. 最後 ④
We're originally
from Texas
The town was
originally quite small. / 這個鎮最初規模相當小。
react [rɪ`ækt]
vi. 反應（與介詞 to 並用）
片語：react
to sth 對某事物有反應
She reacted
calmly to the plaintiff 's accusation. / 她對原告的指控反應冷靜。＊plaintiff [`plentɪf] n. 原告；defendant [dɪ`fɛndənt]
n. 被告；accusation [͵ækjə`zeʃən] n. 指控
reaction [rɪ`ækʃən]
n. 反應（與介詞 to 並用）
What's Tom's
reaction to my proposal? / 湯姆對我的提議有什麼表示？
relate [rɪ`let]
vt. 使相關，敘述 vi. 和⋯有關（皆與介詞 to 並用）
片語：A is
related to B A與B有關；relate to...
敘及⋯，談及⋯
衍生字：relation
[rɪ`leʃən] n. 關係；親戚，家人（= relative）②
Spanish and
French are related to Latin. / 西班牙文及法文與拉丁文有淵源。
Grandfather
related (to us) a story from his childhood. / 祖父（向我們）敘述一個他小時候的故事。
That news
relates to the problem we were just discussing. / 那個消息和我們剛才討論的問題有關。
reveal [rɪ`vil] vt. 透露，揭露
衍生字：revelation [͵rɛvḷ`eʃən] n. 揭示；披露 ⑥
反義字：conceal [kən`sil] vt. 隱瞞 ⑤
The agent was jailed for revealing secrets to the enemy. / 該名探員因洩密給敵方而入獄。
skate [sket] n. 溜冰鞋 vi. 溜冰
片語：go skating 去溜冰
I've worn out these skates. I want to buy a new pair. / 這雙溜冰鞋我穿壞了，我要買一雙新的。
Would you like
to join us in going skating this weekend? / 這個週末你要不要跟我們溜冰去？
ski [ski] n. 滑雪板 vi. 滑雪
片語：go skiing 去滑雪
That store specializes in imported skis. / 那家店專賣進口的滑雪板。
＊specialize in... 專門從事⋯
Where will you go skiing this winter? / 今年冬天你要到哪兒去滑雪？
somehow [`sʌm͵haʊ] adv. 不知怎麼的，設法
My blind date was beautiful, but somehow I didn't fìnd her attractive. / 我相親的對象蠻美的，不過不知怎地我發現她並不吸引我。
I know the job is difficult, but we have to finish it somehow. / 我知道這份工作很困難，但我們總得設法解決。
比較：somewhat [`sʌm͵(h)wɑt] adv. 稍微，有幾分 ③；使用
somewhat 時，該字通常置於形容詞與副詞之間，修飾該形容詞或副詞。
John is somewhat
lazy, which is why I don't like him. / 約翰有點懶，這就是為什麼我不喜歡他的原因。
He answered
somewhat nervously. / 他回答時有點緊張。
somewhat [`sʌm͵(h)wɑt] adv. 有一點
同義字：slightly
[`slaɪtlɪ] adv. 約略 ④
After working all
day, I was somewhat tired. / 工作了一天後，我有點累了。
specific [spɪ`sɪfɪk]
a. 特定的，特有的（與介詞 to 並用），明確的
片語：be
specific to + 地方 是某地所獨有的
be specific
about... 強調說明⋯
衍生字：specify
[`spɛsə͵faɪ] vt. 具體指出 ⑥
同義字：particular
[pɚ`tɪkjəlɚ] a. 特定的 ②
accurate [`ækjərɪt] a. 精確的 ③
反義字：general
[`dʒɛnərəl] a. 一般的；籠統的 ①
He went there
for a specifìc purpose. / 他到那兒去是有特定的目的。
This problem is
specifìc to big cities.
= This problem
is unique to big cities. / 這個問題是大城市所特有的。
Please be more
specifìc about what you want. / 你要什麼請說明確一點。
specifically [spɪ`sɪfɪkḷɪ]
adv. 尤其，特別地
同義字：specially
[`spɛʃəlɪ] adv. 特別地
particularly [pɚ`tɪkjəlɚlɪ] adv. 特別地
The doctor
warned him specifìcally not to eat eggs. / 醫生特別警告他不要吃蛋。
spite [spaɪt] n.
怨恨，恨意，儘管（用於下列片語中）
片語：in spite
of... 儘管⋯（之後須接名詞或動名詞作受詞）=
despite...
He vandalized
those cars out of spite. / 他因怨恨而任意破壞那些車子。＊vandalize [`vændḷ͵aɪz] vt. 任意破壞
In spite of his
dad's warning, Paul went fìshing alone. / 儘管老爸提出了警告，保羅還是獨自一個人釣魚去。
staff [stæf] n. 職員，幕僚（集合名詞，不可數）
片語：a staff
of 20/500 20／500
名員工 = 20/500 staff members
Our company has
a staff of 500, working in both Canada
and Taiwan
structure [`strʌktʃɚ]
n. 結構，建築物
同義字：framework
[`frem͵wɝk] n. 架構 ⑤
The structure of
the poem is very complicated. / 這首詩的結構很複雜。
The monument is
a famous structure in town. / 這座紀念碑是鎮上有名的建築。
style [staɪl] n.
風格
片語：in
style 風光地
衍生字：stylish
[`staɪlɪʃ] a. 時髦的，流行的 ⑤
Emma's unique
style makes her fashion designs popular around the world. / 艾瑪獨特的風格使她的時裝設計風靡全球。
The tennis
player won the championship in fìne style. / 該網球選手風光地贏得了冠軍。
suffer [`sʌfɚ]
vt. 遭受，受苦
片語：suffer
from... 飽受（疾病）之苦，罹患（疾病）
That company
suffered a big loss because of poor management. / 那家公司由於管理不善蒙受重大損失。
My father
suffers from diabetes. / 我爸爸患有糖尿病。＊diabetes [͵daɪə`bitis] n. 糖尿病
suffering [`sʌfərɪŋ]
n. 痛苦（不可數），痛苦的經歷（可數）
The war has
caused a lot of human suffering in this area. / 這場戰爭在該區造成人們極大的痛苦。
John is what he
is today because of his childhood sufferings. / 約翰之以有今日的成就，是因為他兒時曾吃過很多苦頭。
temperature [`tɛmp(ə)rətʃɚ]
n. 溫度，體溫
片語：take
sb's temperature 量某人的體溫
The laboratory
must be kept at a constant temperature. / 這間實驗室必須保持恆溫。
The nurse took
my temperature and gave me a shot. / 護士量完我的體溫後，為我打了一針。＊give sb a shot 為某人打針 = give sb an injection。injection [ɪn`dʒɛkʃən] n. 注射
theory [`θɪərɪ]
n. 學說，理論
衍生字：theoretical
[͵θɪə`rɛtɪkḷ] a. 理論的 ⑥
片語：in
theory 理論上
反義字：in
practice 實際上
Many scientists
believe the theory that the universe is ，getting larger. / 很多科學家相信宇宙正在變大的這個說法。
Developing a
theory and proving it are very different things. / 研發一套理論和加以證實是兩碼 事。
Well, that
sounds good in theory, but I don't know if it will work in practice. / 嗯，那在理論上聽起來不錯，但我不知道它實際上是否可行。
tropical [`trɑpɪkḷ] a. 熱帶的
衍生字：subtropical
[͵sʌb`trɑpɪkḷ] a. 亞熱帶的
I have a liking
for tropical fruits such as bananas and pineapples. / 我很喜歡香蕉和鳳梨這類的熱帶水果。
延伸：the
tropical zone 熱帶地區；the subtropical zone 亞熱帶地區；the temperate zone 溫帶地區；the frigid zone 寒帶地區＊frigid [`frɪdʒɪd] a. 嚴寒的
unless [ʌn`lɛs]
conj. 除非
Unless you make
a reservation today, you won't get a table at that restaurant. / 除非今天去訂位要不然在那家餐廳你不會有位子坐的。
用法：unless
= if not 如果不...
Unless you take
my advice, you'll be sorry.
= If you do not
take my advice, you'll be sorry.
除非你接受我的忠告，否則你會後悔。
Unit
04
admit [əd`mɪt]
vt. 容許，許可，准許入場／入學，承認 vi. 承認（與介詞 to 並用）
衍生字：admission
[əd`mɪʃən] n. 入學；入場券／費；承認 ④；admittance [əd`mɪtəns] n. 進入；No Admittance 禁止進入（標語／告示）
同義字：confess
[kənfɛs] vt. & vi. 承認（作及物動詞時，以 that 子句作受詞；作不及物動詞時，之後加介詞 to，再接名詞或動名詞作受詞）④
反義字：deny
[dɪ`naɪ] vt. 否認 ②
Children are not
admitted to the theater without an adult. / 沒有大人帶領的話，小朋友是不能進入那間劇院的。
This coupon
admits two people for free. / 這張優待券可供兩人免費使用。＊coupon [`kupɑn] n. 優待券
Only five
percent of the applicants are admitted to the university. / 只有百分之五的申請者獲准進入該所大學。
The politician
admitted (to) taking bribes. / 那位政客坦承受賄。
He has admitted
stealing my money. = He has admitted to stealing my money. = He has confessed
to stealing my money. / 他承認偷了我的錢。
延伸：admit 作『承認』解時，可作及物動詞或不及物動詞；作不及物動詞時，與介詞 to 並用，之後再接動名詞作受詞。
affect [ə`fɛkt]
vt. 影響，（疾病）侵襲，感動，假裝
衍生字：effect
[ɪ`fɛkt] n. 影響，結果 ②；affection [ə`fɛkʃən] n. 親愛，情愛
⑤；affectionate [ə`fɛkʃənət] a. 情深的，摯愛的 ⑥
The bad weather
affected everyone's mood. / 惡劣的天氣影響了每個人的心情。
Hepatitis is a
disease that affects the liver.
肝炎是侵害肝臟的一種疾病。＊hepatitis [͵hɛpə`taɪtɪs] n. 肝炎
The little boy's
miserable life so affected us that we decided to adopt him. / 那個小男孩的可憐身世令我們深深感動，因此我們決定收養他。
Although he
affected indifference, it was obvious that Dad was quite angry. / 雖然老爸裝作若無其事，但顯然地，他其實很生氣。
aware [ə`wɛr] a.
知道的，察覺的（與介詞 of 並用）
片語：be
aware of... 知道⋯；察覺到⋯ = be
conscious of...
同義字：conscious
[`kɑnʃəs] a. 察覺到的；有知覺的 ③
反義字：unaware
[͵ʌnə`wɛr] a. 未察覺到的
You should
always be aware of your surroundings. / 你隨時要了解周遭的環境。
Mary was aware
of Tom's bad intentions, so she refused to go out with him. / 瑪麗察覺出湯姆不懷好意，所以拒絕和他約會。
awareness [ə`wɛrnɪs]
n. 意識，察覺
片語：raise
awareness of/about... 喚起關於⋯的意識
同義字：consiousness
[`kɑnʃəsnɪs] n. 知覺，意識 ③
environemental/political/social
awareness 環保／政治／社會意識
The government
is trying to raise public awareness about environmental protection. / 政府正設法提高民眾的環保意識。
The purpose of
this ad is to raise awareness about the importance of environmental protection.
/ 這則廣告的目的在喚醒人們環保的重要性。
balance [`bæləns]
n. 平衡，（戶頭）餘額 vt. 權衡 vi. 保持平衡
片語：lose
one's balance 失去平衡；strike a balance between A and B 在A與B間維持平衡
衍生字：balanced
[`bælənst] a. 各方兼顧的；兼容並蓄的
反義字：imbalance
[ɪm`bæləns] n. 失衡
To lead a happy
life, you should strike a balance between work and play. / 你若想生活愉快，就應在工作及遊樂之間保持平衡。
Tim is nearly
broke. He has only NT＄50 in his bank balance. / 提姆幾乎已身無分文了。他戶頭只剩 50 元。＊broke [brok] a. 沒錢的（= penniless [`pɛnɪlɪs]）
You should
balance the advantages and disadvantages before moving to the countryside. / 你搬到鄉下前應先權衡利弊。
It's not easy to
balance when you learn to ride a bike for the first time. / 你第一次學騎自行車時，保持平衡不是件易事。
being [`biɪŋ] n.
存在，生命，人，生物
片語：come
into being 開始存在 = come into existence
Impressionism
came into being in the 1860s. / 印象派從 1860 年代起就出現了。
Some people
still doubt that human beings evolved from apes. / 有些人仍不相信人類是由猿類演化而來。＊evolve [ɪ`vɑlv] vi. 進化；evolve from... 從⋯進化而成；evolve into... 進化成⋯
chapter [`tʃæptɚ]
n. 篇章，分會
The last chapter
of the book was rather exciting. / 這本書的最後一章相當精采。
The local
chapter of the Lions Club meets every Tuesday. / 獅子會本地分會於每星期二會聚一次會。
用法：一篇文章稱作
article [`ɑrtɪkḷ]，若有分段，每一段落稱作
paragraph [`pærə͵græf]。一本書若分章，每一章稱作 chapter。每一節稱作 section [`sɛkʃən]。
civil [`sɪvḷ] a.
國內的，公民的，文明的，有禮的
衍生字：civilize
[`sɪvə͵laɪz] vt. 教化，使開化 ⑥；
civilized [`sɪvə͵laɪzd]
a. 文明的，開化的 ⑥
The incident led
to a civil war that lasted twenty years. / 這個事件導致了一場持續 20 年之久的內戰。
Protesters
expressed their concern about the government's recent violation of civil
rights. / 抗議群眾表達了他們對政府近日違反公民權行徑的關切。
Despite their
mutual dislike, the two men remained civil in public. / 儘管這兩個人彼此不喜歡對方，他們在公開場合仍保持禮貌。
延伸：civil
rights 公民的權利（恆用複數）；a civil war 內戰
collection [kə`lɛkʃən]
n. 蒐集物
片語：a
collection of... ⋯的蒐藏；a large collection of... ⋯的大量蒐藏
衍生字：collect
[kə`lɛkt] vt. 蒐集（郵票等）& vi. 集合 ②；collective [kə`lɛktɪv] a. 共同的；集體的 ⑥；collector
[kə`lɛktɚ] n. 收藏家；收稅員 ⑥；recollect [͵rɛkə`lɛkt] vt. 回憶 = recall [rɪ`kɔl]）
Bill showed us a
very fine collection of old coins. / 比爾向我們展示了非常珍貴的古錢收藏。
conclude [kən`klud]
vt. vi. 作結論，結束，斷定
片語：conclude
A with B 用B將A作結論／結束；conclude that... 斷定／論定⋯
The professor concluded his lecture with a joke. = The professor ended his
lecture with a joke. = The professor wrapped up/wound up his lecture with a
joke. / 該教授講了一個笑話便下課了。
We finally
concluded that the accident was caused by his carelessness. / 我們最後認定這次意外是他的粗心造成的。
conclusion [kən`kluʒən]
n. 結束，結論
片語：come to
a/the conclusion 得到結論 = reach a/the conclusion；In conclusion,... 總之，⋯ = To sum up,...
Mr. Williams
thanked his audience at the conclusion of his speech. / 威廉斯先生在演講結束時向聽眾表示謝意。
The committee
came to the conclusion that the plan was not feasible. / 該委員會得到的結論是這個計劃不可行。＊feasible [`fizəbḷ] a. 可行的
In conclusion,
he is a man you can count on. / 總之，他是個你可信賴的人。
connect [kə`nɛkt]
vt. vi. 連結，關聯
片語：connect
A with B 將A與B聯想在一起 = associate A with B；connect A to B 將A與B 連，使A與B有關聯
The railway
connects Paris and Nice. / 這條鐵路連接巴黎和尼斯。
Whenever I see
that handsome young man, I connect him with my ex-boyfriend. / 我每次見到那位大帥哥就聯想到我前男友。
There is no
evidence to connect him to the murder. / 沒有證據顯示他和這樁謀殺案有關。
connection [kə`nɛkʃən]
n. 關係，關聯
片語：have a
connection with... 和⋯有關係
Do you have any
connection with the Mafia? / 你和黑手黨有什麼關係嗎？
considerable [kən`sɪdərəbḷ]
a. 相當大的
衍生字：consider
[kən`sɪdɚ] vt. & vi. 衡量；考慮 ②
The rice crop
suffered considerable damage as a result of the typhoon. / 由於這場颱風，稻米作物遭受相當大的損失。
比較：considerate
[kən`sɪdərɪt] a. 體貼的 ⑤
considerably [kən`sɪdərəblɪ]
adv. 相當大地，頗為
同義字：significantly
[sɪg`nɪfəkəntlɪ] adv. 重大地 greatly [gretlɪ] adv. 大大地 ①
反義字：slightly
[`slaɪtlɪ] adv. 約略地 ④
The design of
the car was considerably modified. / 這輛車的設計被大幅修改。
edit [`ɛdɪt] vt.
編輯
片語：edit
sth for publication 編輯某物以供出版
Tom edited the
manuscripts for publication. / 湯姆編輯這些手稿準備出版。
edition [ɪ`dɪʃən]
n. 版本
This is the
first edition of this book. / 這是這本書的第一版。
editor [`ɛdɪtɚ]
n. 編者，編輯
衍生字：editorial
[͵ɛdə`tɔrɪəl] n.（報紙的）社論 & a. 編輯上的 ⑥；editor-in-chief 總編輯
Bill is the
editor-in-chief of that magazine. / 比爾是那本雜誌的總編輯。
election [ɪ`lɛkʃən]
n. 選舉
衍生字：elect
[ɪ`lɛkt] vt. 選舉 ②
The election
results will be broadcast tomorrow morning. / 這次的選舉結果將於明晨廣播。
elective [ɪ`lɛktɪv]
a. 選舉的 n. 選修科目
同義字：option
[`ɑpʃən] n. 選修科目 ⑥
The mayor is an
elective official. / 市長是經由選舉產生的官員。
Peter took art
as an elective in college. / 彼得大學時曾選修藝術。
existence [ɪg`zɪstəns]
n. 生存，存在
衍生字：exist
[ɪg`zɪst] vi. 生存；存在 ②
片語：come
into existence 誕生；問世 = come into being、in existence 現存的
Those colonists
had to struggle hard for existence. / 那些殖民者必須為生存而艱苦奮鬥。
Tell me exactly
when the first radio came into existence. / 告訴我第一台收音機到底是何時問世的。
This is the
oldest building in existence in our town. / 這是我們鎮上現存最古老的建築物。
expense [ɪk`spɛns]
n. 花費，費用，代價
片語：at sb's
expense 花某人的錢；at the expense of... 以⋯為代價，犧牲⋯ = at the cost of... = at the
sacrifice of...
衍生字：expensive
[ɪk`spɛnsɪv] a. 昂貴的 ②； expend [ɪk`spɛnd] vt. 花費 ⑥；expenditure [ɪk`spɛndɪtʃɚ] n. 支出，費用 ⑥
The official
travels at public expense. / 這位官員用公家的錢出國旅行。
Taxi drivers
often drive fast at the expense of safety. / 計程車司機經常不顧安全開快車。
experiment [ɪk`spɛrəmənt]
n. 實驗，試驗 vi. 實驗，試驗
片語：conduct/perform/carry
out/do an experiment 做實驗；experiment on sth 對某物作實驗；experiment with sth 用某物作實驗
衍生字：experimentation
[ɪk͵spɛrəmɛn`teʃən] n. 實驗（不可數）⑥
The product is the
result of long experiments. / 這個產品是長期實驗的結果。
The group
opposed any experiments on living animals. / 該團體反對用動物活體做任何的實驗。
Some researchers
were experimenting on the rabbits. / 一些研究人員正在對那些兔子做實驗。
This time I'll
experiment with a different chemical. / 這次我要用不同的化學藥劑做實驗。
experimental [ɪk͵spɛrə`mɛntḷ]
a. 實驗性的
衍生字：trial
[`traɪəl] a. 試驗的 ②
The project is
still in its experimental stages and won't be put in practice until a year
later. / 該計劃仍處於實驗階段，要到 1 年後才會付諸實施。
expression [ɪk`sprɛʃən]
n. 表達，表情，用語
衍生字：express
[ɪk`sprɛs] vt. 表達 ②
Laughter is an
expression of happiness. / 笑是一種快樂的表現。
He had an expression
of anger on his face. / 他臉上帶著生氣的表情。
My grandmother
knew many funny old expressions in French. / 我祖母知道許多古怪的法文古老用語。
expressive [ɪk`sprɛsɪv]
a. 表示的，善於表達的
片語：be
expressive of... 表示⋯
A baby's cry can
be expressive of hunger. / 嬰兒哭鬧可能表示他／她餓了。
Todd is not a
very expressive person. / 陶德不是個善於表達的人。
faith [feθ] n. 信心，信任
片語：have
faith in ... 對⋯有信心 = have trust
in... = have belief in...
同義字：assurance
[ə`ʃʊrəns] n. 信心；保證 ④
belief [bɪ`lif] n. 相信 ②；trust [trʌst] n. 相信
②
I have faith in
your honesty. / 我信任你的誠實。
faithful [`feθfəl]
a. 忠實的，守信的
片語：be
faithful to sb 對某人忠實 = be loyal to sb = be true to sb
同義字：honest
[`ɑnɪst] a. 誠實的 ②；loyal [`lɔɪəl]
a. 忠誠的，忠心的 ④
You are supposed
to be faithful to your spouse once you get married. / 一旦結婚後就應當對配偶忠實。
Judy was always
faithful to her word. / 茱蒂總是言出必行。＊此處 word 表『承諾』，是不可數名詞。
familiar [fə`mɪljɚ] a. 熟悉的
片語：be
familiar with... 熟悉⋯
衍生字：family
[`fæməlɪ] n. 家庭 & a. 家庭的 ①
familiarity [fə͵mɪlɪ`ærətɪ]
n. 親密；熟悉 ⑥ unfamiliar [͵ʌnfə`mɪljɚ] a. 不熟悉，生疏
Are you familiar
with my boss? / 你和我老闆熟嗎？
The story is
familiar to most students in Taiwan
frequent [`frikwənt]
a. 經常的
Nick is a frequent
visitor to our house. / 尼克是我們家的常客。
frequently
[`frikwəntlɪ] adv. 經常地
衍生字：frequency
[`frikwənsɪ] n. 頻率 ④
Mary frequently
shows up late for work. / 瑪麗上班經常遲到。
gesture [`dʒɛstʃɚ]
n. 手勢
The foreigner
used gestures to convey his idea. / 這名外國人使用手勢傳達他的意思。
governor [`gʌvɚnɚ]
n. 州長，省長
衍生字：govern
[`gʌvɚn] vt. 統治；控制 ②
government [`gʌvɚnmənt] n. 政府 ②
The governor of
the state is said to have been involved in the scandal. / 據傳該州州長涉及此一醜聞。
inform [ɪn`fɔrm]
vt. 通知，告知
片語：inform
sb of sth 通知某人某事；keep sb informed of/about sth 將某事隨時通告某人
Please inform us
of any change of schedule. / 若排程表有異動請告知我們。
Please keep me
informed about what you're doing. / 你們正在做什麼事，請隨時讓我知道。
justice [`dʒʌstɪs]
n. 公道，正義，司法審判
片語：do
sb/sth justice 為某人／某事說公道話；公平對待某人／某事
衍生字：just
[dʒʌst] a. 公平的 ①；justify [`dʒʌstə͵faɪ] vt. 為⋯辯護；證明⋯是有道理的／正當的 ⑤；justification
[͵dʒʌstəfə`keʃən] n. 理由；正當化 ⑥；bring sb to justice 使某人受審
A good judge should
have a sense of justice. / 好法官應有正義感。
To do him
justice, we must admit that he meant no harm. / 為他說句公道話，我們必須承認他無意傷害任何人。
Sheila's playing
didn't do Beethoven's music justice. / 席拉的演奏未能呈現貝多芬音樂的原貌。
The murderer
must be arrested and brought to justice. / 這個兇手必須被逮捕並繩之以法。
occasion [ə`keʒən]
n. 特殊的大事
片語：on
occasion 偶爾
This wedding is
a great occasion. / 這場婚禮是一件大事。
On occasion, I
go to see a movie alone. = Occasionally, I go to see a movie alone. / 偶而，我會一個人去看電影。
用法：occasion
亦表『場合』，亦與介詞 on 並用。
Behave yourself
on formal occasions. / 在正式場合你要守規律。
occasional [ə`keʒənḷ]
a. 偶爾的
同義字：irregular
[ɪ`rɛgjəlɚ] a. 不常的 ②
反義字：regular
[`rɛgjəlɚ] a. 經常的；定期的 ②
Irene takes
occasional trips to Hong Kong for shopping. / 愛琳偶爾會到香港去購物。
occasionally [ə`keʒənḷɪ]
adv. 偶爾
同義字：sometimes
[`sʌm͵taɪmz] adv. 有時 ①
Our grandparents
visit us occasionally. = Our grandparents visit us on occasion. = Our
grandparents visit us sometimes. = Our grandparents visit us from time to time.
= Our grandparents visit us at times. = Our grandparents visit us once in a
while. / 我們的祖父母偶爾會來看我們。
pretend [prɪ`tɛnd]
vt. 假裝
片語：pretend
+ that 子句 假裝⋯ = make believe + that 子句；pretend to V 假裝要⋯
Mary has broken
up with John, but he pretends that nothing has happened. / 瑪麗和約翰分手了，但約翰假裝什麼事都沒發生。
When I passed
by, Peter pretended not to see me. / 我走過時，彼得假裝沒看到我。
proper [`prɑpɚ] a. 合宜的，適當的，得體的
衍生字：suitable
[`sutəbḷ] a. 適合的；得體的
adequate [`ædəkwɪt] a. 適當的
I couldn't think
of proper words to say. / 我想不出有什麼適當的話可說。
Obviously the
team lacks proper training. / 顯然這支隊伍缺乏適當的訓練。
It is not proper
to arrive late for a dinner party. / 參加晚宴遲到是不得體的。
properly [`prɑpɚlɪ]
adv. 正確地，適當地
衍生字：suitably
[`sutəblɪ] adv. 適當地 ④
adequately [`ædəkwɪtlɪ] adv. 適當地 ④
If you do it
properly the first time, you don't have to do it again. / 如果你一次就把這件事做好，就不用再做一次了。
A spider can't properly
be called an insect. / 把蜘蛛稱為昆蟲並不恰當。
replace [rɪ`ples]
vt. 取代
片語：replace
A with B 以B取代A，把A換成B
衍生字：replaceable
[rɪ`plesəbḷ] a. 可取代的
I'm considering
replacing my old PC with a notebook. / 我正考慮把舊的個人電腦換成一台新的筆記型電腦。
replacement [rɪ`plesment]
n. 替代人選，替代品
同義字：substitute
[`sʌbstə͵tjut] n. 代替者 ⑤
We need a
replacement for the typist who left last week. / 我們需要一個人來接替上週離職的打字員。
scarecrow [`skɛr͵kro]
n. 稻草人
Farmers use
scarecrows to scare away birds and keep their crops. / 農夫利用稻草人把鳥嚇走，以保護他們的作物。
scary [`skɛrɪ]
a. 可怕的
片語：be
scared of... 害怕⋯ = be afraid of...
The scary scene
of the accident shocked all of us. / 這起意外的可怕景象讓我們大家都感震驚。
比較：scared
[skɛrd] a. 感到害怕的 = afraid [ə`fred]
security [sɪ`kjʊrətɪ]
n. 安全
衍生字：secure
[sɪ`kjʊr] a. 安全的 & vt. 獲得 ⑤
secure/get a job
獲得一份工作
Many workers see
the policy as a major threat to their job security. / 許多員工都認為這項政策是他們工作保障的一大威脅。
sex [sɛks] n. 性別，性
What is the sex
of the new puppy you got? / 你新買的小狗性別是什麼？
Some people
believe they shouldn't have sex until they get married. / 有人認為要結婚後才能做愛。
sexual [`sɛkʃʊəl]
a. 性的，性別的
Parents and
school teachers should teach kids how to deal with sexual harassment. / 家長和學校老師應該教導孩童如何處理性騷擾。
We do not
tolerate any sexual discrimination in this office. / 這間辦公室內不允許任何的性別歧視。
延伸：sexual
harrassment 性騷擾（＊harrassment [hə`ræsmənt] n. 騷擾）；sexual discrimination 性別歧視（＊discrimination
[dɪ͵skrɪmə`neʃən] n. 歧視）
sexy [`sɛksɪ] a.
性感的
The female
assistant beside the magician looks sexy. / 魔術師身旁的女助理看起來好性感。
signal [`sɪgnḷ]
n. 號誌，信號 vt. 發出信號
片語：signal
sb to V 向某人打手勢，要某人⋯
衍生字：sign [saɪn]
n. 表示；信號 & vt. 簽署 & vi.
簽名 ②；signature [`sɪgnətʃɚ] n. 簽訂；簽名 ④
You must obey
the traffic signals. / 你必須遵守交通號誌。
The referee gave
the signal to stop. / 裁判做出停止的手勢。
The traffic cop
signaled us to pull over. / 交通警察對我們打手勢要我們靠邊停車。
skyscraper [`skaɪ͵skrepɚ]
n. 摩天高樓
片語：a
high-rise building 高聳的大樓
Almost all big
cities have skyscrapers. / 凡乎各大都市都有摩天大樓。
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