2019年5月29日 星期三

LEVEL 3 Unit 1 ~ Unit 2


Unit 01
activity [æk`tɪvətɪ] n. 活動
衍生字:act [ækt] n. 行為;舉動;法案 & vi. 行為;表現 & vt. 扮演 ①
action [`ækʃən] n. 行動;動作 ①
active [`æktɪv] a. 精力充沛的;積極的 ②
Do you participate in extra-curricular activities at school? / 你有沒有參加學校的課外活動?
延伸:an extra-curricular activity 課外活動

actual [`æktʃʊəl] a. 真實的,確實的
Are you sure that this is the actual truth? / 你確定這真的是事實嗎?

actually [`æktʃʊəlɪ] adv. 事實上,實際上(= in fact
同義字:really [`rɪəlɪ] adv. 事實上;實際上 ①
Nick likes to act like a teenager, but actually he's more than 30 years old. / 尼克喜歡裝作青少年的樣子,但他事實上已經 30 多歲了。

air-conditioner [`ɛrkən͵dɪʃənɚ] n. 空氣調節機,冷氣機
衍生字:heater [`hitɚ] n. 暖氣機 ②
Air-conditioners make hot weather bearable, but they also cause global warming. / 冷氣機固然讓炎熱的天氣變得可以忍受,卻也造成全球升溫。

air-conditioning [`ɛrkən͵dɪʃənɪŋ] n. 空調,冷氣(不可數)
The auditorium is well built, but it lacks air-conditioning. / 大禮堂建得不錯,可是卻沒空調。
延伸:the central air-conditioning system 中央空調系統

available [ə`veləbḷ] a. 可利用的,可得到的,有空的(= free,以人作主詞)
衍生字:availability [ə͵velə`bɪlətɪ] n. 易得;可用 ⑤
The church is available for weddings Monday through Saturday. / 那間教堂星期一到星期六可用來舉行婚禮。
Tickets are still available at the entrance. / 入口處仍有售票。
Will you be available this afternoon = Will you be free this afternoon? / 你今天下午有空嗎?
比較:Do you have the time now? / 你是否帶了錶,知道現在是幾點了嗎?
用法:Are you available now? = Are you free now? = Do you have time now? / 你現在有空嗎?

burden [`bɝdṇ] n. 負擔 vt. 使負擔
片語:shoulder/bear/carry the burden of... 負起的重擔;burden sb with... 給予某人的負擔
Ever since his father passed away, John has shouldered the burden of raising his family. / 約翰的父親過世後,他就負起養家的重擔。
I don't want to burden you with these matters; I can take care of them myself. / 我不想讓這些事造成你的負擔;我自己可以處理。

college [`kɑlɪdʒ] n. 大學,學院
同義字:university [͵junə`vɝsətɪ] n. 大學
片語:go to college/university 唸大學
Peter started going to college at age 15. / 彼得 15 歲就開始唸大學了。
Harry studies at an art college in Los Angeles. / 哈利在洛杉磯的一家藝術學院就讀。

concern [kən`sɝn] vt. 使關心,使擔心,與有關 n. 關心,掛念
衍生字:concerned [kən`sɝnd] a. 有關的;擔心的
同義字:worry [`wɝɪ] n. 擔心 & vt. 使擔心 ①
Public safety concerns all the people of this country. / 公共安全引起全國人民的關切。
A lot of evidence shows that Peter is concerned in the scandal. / 種種證據顯示彼得涉及這件醜聞。*be concerned in... 涉入⋯ = be involved in...
Your health is my concern, dad. / 老爸,我很擔心你的健康。
延伸:be concerned about... 擔心⋯ = be worried about...
More and more parents are concerned about school violence. / 愈來愈多的家長擔心校園暴力的問題。

concerning [kən`sɝnɪŋ] prep. 關於(= about
同義字:regarding [rɪ`gɑrdɪŋ] prep. 關於 ④
Mr. Hu mentioned things concerning his boyhood. / 胡先生提到有關他童年的往事。

condition [kən`dɪʃən] n. 狀況,條件
片語:be in good/poor condition 情況不錯/不佳;on condition that... 條件是/如果⋯ = if...
The second-hand car is still in excellent condition.  / 這輛二手車的車況仍相當不錯。
I can lend you the money on condition that you pay it back on time. / 你若準時還錢,我就借給你。

determination [dɪ͵tɝmə`neʃən] n. 決心
同義字:willpower [`wɪl͵paʊɚ] n. 意志力
His determination to quit smoking turned out to be in vain. / 他戒菸的決心最後宣告失敗。

determine [dɪ`tɝmɪn] vt. 決定,確定
同義字:resolve [rɪ`zɑlv] vt. 決定
Lilly determined to leave for the hospital at once.  / 莉莉決定馬上動身去醫院。
The police were finally able to determine the cause of the accident. / 警方終於能確定這起意外的肇因了。
用法:determine to V 下定決心要⋯ = resolve to V = make up one's mind to V

determined [dɪ`tɝmɪnd] a. 有決心的
片語:be determined to V 決心要
I'm determined to quit gambling. / 我已下定決心要戒賭。

enjoyable [ɪn`dʒɔɪəbḷ] a. 愉快的
衍生字:enjoy [ɪn`dʒɔɪ] vt. 享受(之後接名詞或動名詞作受詞)②;enjoyment [ɪn`dʒɔɪmənt] n. 享受 ②
同義字:pleasant [`plɛzənt] a. 愉快的 ②
反義字:boring [`bɔrɪŋ] a. 無聊的 ③
The party we had Friday night was really enjoyable. / 我們上星期五晚上那場派對實在愉快極了。

instead [ɪn`stɛd] adv. 而不是,取代
片語:instead of... 取代;而非⋯ = rather than...
Instead of chicken, I'd like to have fish for dinner.  / 我晚餐不想吃雞肉而想吃魚肉。
Some say that happiness, instead of working hard, is the key to success. = Some say that happiness, rather than working hard, is the key to success. / 有人說快樂,而非努力,才是成功的秘訣。
用法:instead 亦可單獨使用,作獨立副詞表『相反地』,等於 on the contrary
John isn't nice. Instead, he is bad. / 約翰不是善類。相反地,他很壞。

joyful [`dʒɔɪfəl] a. 喜悅的
衍生字:joy [dʒɔɪ] n. 喜悅 ①;joyfully [`dʒɔɪfəlɪ] adv. 喜悅地
We were excited and joyful, knowing that our team had won the game. / 獲知我隊贏了比賽時,我們既興奮又高興。

major [`medʒɚ] a. 大部分的,主要的,重要的 vi.  主修(與 in 並用)n.  主修科目
片語:major in... 主修⋯ = take...as one's major
I have already seen the major part of the film. / 這部電影的大部分我已經看過了。
He played a major role in the play. / 他在這齣戲中扮演一個重要的角色。
I majored in accounting in college. = I took accounting as my major in college. / 我大學主修會計。

majority [mə`dʒɔrətɪ] n. 大部分
片語:the/a majority of... 大部分的
The majority of residents on the island can only speak their own dialect. / 這島上大部分的居民只會說他們自己的方言。*dialect [`daɪəlɛkt] n. 方言

minor [`maɪnɚ] a. 輕微的,不重要的 vi. 輔修(與 in 並用)n. 輔修科目
片語:minor in... 輔修⋯ = take...as one's minor
Sue sustained only minor injuries in the fall. / 阿秀跌倒時只受到輕傷。*sustain [sə`sten] vt. 遭受(= suffer
He got his start with a minor part in a TV series.  / 他先是在某電視連續劇裡飾演一個小角色這樣起家的。
He minored in French. = He took French as his minor. / 他輔修法文。

minority [mə`nɔrətɪ / maɪ`nɔrətɪ] n. 少數,少數民族
片語:the/a minority of... 少部分的
Only a minority of the voters approved the tax increase. / 只有少數選民贊同這次的加稅。
The white minority once ruled over South Africa.  / 白人少數民族曾統治過南非。

opportunity [͵ɑpɚ`tjunətɪ] n. 機會,良機
同義字:chance [tʃæns] n. 機會 ①
This trip is a great opportunity to broaden your horizons and practice your English. / 這趟旅行是個拓展視野以及練習英文的好機會。*broaden one's horizons 增廣見識,拓展視野;horizon [hə`raɪzṇ] n. 地平線(單);範圍(複)
延伸:a golden opportunity 千載難逢的良機

political [pə`lɪtɪkḷ] a. 政治的
衍生字:politically [pə`lɪtɪkḷɪ] adv. 政治上地
The writer fled abroad, seeking political asylum. / 這位作家逃到國外尋求政治庇護。*asylum [ə`saɪləm] n. 庇護

politician [͵pɑlə`tɪʃən] n. 政客
I'd rather trust a hungry wolf than a politician. / 我寧願相信一匹餓狼也不願意相信政客。

politics [`pɑlətɪks] n. 政治
Most youngsters are not interested in politics. / 多數的年輕人都不熱衷政治。

pressure [`prɛʃɚ] n. 壓力,壓迫
片語:under pressure 處於壓力之下
衍生字:press [prɛs] vt. 壓;燙平;勸說 & vi. 擠;緊迫 & n. 新聞界(之前置定冠詞 the);燙平 ②
Some people do very well under pressure. / 有些人在壓力下會表現得非常好。
Running puts pressure on your feet. / 跑步會對腳造成壓迫。
延伸:peer pressure 同儕壓力;blood pressure 血壓;a pressure cooker 壓力鍋

probability [͵prɑbə`bɪlətɪ] n. 可能性
同義字:likelihood [`laɪklɪ͵hʊd] n. 可能性
The probability is that the match will be postponed. / 這場比賽很可能會延期。

probable [`prɑbəbḷ] a. 很可能的
同義字:likely [`laɪklɪ] a. 很可能的 ①
It seems probable that this accident is the result of his carelessness. / 看來意外很可能是因為他的粗心所致。
用法:It is/seems probable that... 很可能⋯ = It is/seems likely that...

probably [`prɑbəbḷɪ] adv. 很可能
同義字:very likely 很可能*likely 作副詞時之前應置 very most,方等於 probably
We'll probably be there about 30 minutes late. / 我們很可能會晚30分鐘到。

process [`prɑsɛs] n. 過程 vt. 處理
片語:be in the process of + N/V-ing 正在進行
We're still in the process of conducting a market survey. / 我們尚在做市場調查中。
The process of the contest is lengthy and tedious. / 這場競賽的過程冗長又無趣。*tedious [`tidɪəs] a. 冗長乏味的
It will take about 3 weeks to process your application. / 處理您的申請約要 3 星期的時間。
延伸:processed foods 加工食品;meat processing 肉類加工

processing [`prɑsɛsɪŋ] n. 處理
We need more manpower to take care of data processing. / 我們需要更多人力來負責資料處理。

program [`progræm] n. 節目,(電腦)程式 vt.  為(電腦)設計程式
時態:program, programmed, programmed
What kind of TV programs do you enjoy watching? / 你喜歡看哪一種電視節目?
The program wasn't working, so I had to restart the computer. / 這個程式無效,因此我得將電腦重新開機。
These computers have been programmed to run the tests once turned on. / 這些電腦程式已經被設計成一開機就能跑這些測試。
用法
a. program 作名詞時,美語中 program 一字保持不變,在英式英語中本字則改為 programme,發音與 program 完全相同。
b. program 作動詞時,英式及美式寫法相同。

programmer [`progræmɚ] n. 程式設計師
Job vacancies for programmers are not currently available. / 我們目前不缺程式設計師。*available [ə`veləbḷ] a. 現有的

property [`prɑpɚtɪ] n. 財產(不可數),特性(可數)
同義字:possessions [pə`zɛʃənz] n. 財產(恆用複數);assets [`æsɛts] n. 資產(恆用複數);quality [`kwɑlətɪ] n. 特性(可數)
They lost all their property in the fire. / 他們在這場大火中失去了所有財產。
One property of diamonds is hardness. / 堅硬是鑽石的一項特性。

rate [ret] n. 比率 vt. 評比為
片語at any rate 無論如何rate sth as... 將某物評比為At any rate,... 無論如何⋯ = Anyway,... = Anyhow,...
The rate of unemployment has been rising in recent years. / 近年來的失業率逐漸上升。
This resort is rated as the most beautiful place in the country. / 這個觀光勝地被評為該國最美的地方。
At any rate, their performance did not live up to our expectations. / 無論如何他們的表現並不如我們所預期。*live up to sb's expectations 符合某人的期望

recognition [͵rɛkəg`nɪʃən] n. 認出,承認,認可
片語:win recognition 獲得認可
同義字:credit [`krɛdɪt] n. 信譽  acknowledgement [ək`nɑlɪdʒmənt] n. 承認
There was no recognition in my old friend's eyes when he saw me. / 我的老友見到我時沒有認出我來。
The scholar has won international recognition for his great findings. / 這位學者的重大發現獲得了國際認可。

recognize [`rɛkəg͵naɪz] vt. 認出,承認,認可
衍生字:recognizable [`rɛkəg͵naɪzəbḷ] a. 可分辨的,認得出的;unrecognizable [ʌn`rɛkəg ͵naɪzəbḷ] a. 認不出來的;recognizably [`rɛkəg͵naɪzəbḷɪ] adv. 可分辨地;顯著地
After being separated for twenty years, he cannot recognize his daughter. / 失散 20 年後,他認不出他的女兒來了。
Professor Rollins is recognized as one of the best educators in the country. / 羅林斯教授是全國公認為最優秀的教育家之一。

remain [rɪ`men] vi. 繼續存在,仍保持是(之後接名詞或形容詞作補語)
衍生字:remaining [rɪ`menɪŋ] a. 剩下的
同義字:stay [ste] vi. 仍保持是
No one remained in the hall soon after the concert was over. / 音樂會結束沒多久,大廳裡一個人影都不剩了。
It remains to be seen which team will win. / 哪一隊會贏尚有待觀察。
Though divorced, Anna and David still remain friends. / 雖然離婚了,安娜和大衛仍是朋友。
The problem still remains unsolved. / 這個問題仍然一直沒被解決。
用法:a. remain 作『仍保持是』解時,之後須接名詞或形容詞作主詞補語。remain a puzzle 仍一直是個謎 *puzzle [`pʌzḷ] n. 不解的事物;remain healthy 保持健康
b. It remains to be seen + 疑問詞(whenwhathow⋯)引導的名詞子句有待觀察
It remains to be seen whether John can do it. / 這件事約翰是否做得來仍有待觀察。

remains [rɪ`menz] n. 遺跡(恆用複數形)
The remains are the most famous tourist attraction in the country. / 這些遺跡是該國境內最有名的旅遊景點。
延伸:remains 亦可作『遺體』解,是 body(屍體)的委婉語。
The writer's remains are buried in his hometown.  / 這位作家的遺體被埋在他的故鄉。

reunion [ri`junjən] n. 重聚,團圓
Our high school reunion is next Tuesday. / 我們高中同學會在下星期二。
延伸:a family reunion 家庭團聚

seek [sik] vt. 尋找(時態:seek, sought [sɔt] , sought
片語:seek to V 設法要
同義字:search [sɝtʃ] vt.& vi. 尋找 ②
The government is seeking new ways to fight against crimes. = The government is looking for new ways to fight against crimes. / 政府正在尋找新的方法來打擊犯罪。

situation [͵sɪtʃʊ`eʃən] n. 處境,情勢
This company's financial situation is getting more and more difficult. / 這家公司的財務狀況越來越吃緊。
用法:本字常與介詞 in 並用。
What would you do in such a situation? / 在那種情況下你會怎麼做?

suggest [sə(g)`dʒɛst] vt. 建議,暗示
衍生字:suggestive [sə(g)`dʒɛstɪv] a. 引起聯想的
同義字:advise [əd`vaɪz] vt. 建議;勸告 ③  recommend [͵rɛkə`mɛnd] vt. 建議 ⑤
Frank suggested that we (should) leave early. / 法蘭克建議我們應該早點離開。
Alice's expression suggests that she's getting impatient. / 愛麗斯的表情暗示著她不耐煩了。
用法:suggest 表『建議』時,屬意志動詞,之後 that 子句應使用助動詞 should,而 should 可予省略。

suggestion [sə(g)`dʒɛstʃən] n. 建議,提議
They accepted our suggestion and changed their plan. / 他們接受我們的提議而改變計劃。
用法:本字常與動詞並用,形成下列固定用法:make a suggestion 提出建議

suppose [sə`poz] vt. 想,認為,假定
片語:be supposed to V 理應(語氣比 should  委婉)
衍生字:supposed [sə`pozd] a. 假定的;被認為的;supposedly [sə`pozɪdlɪ] adv. 一般認為上;推想上
It's late, so I suppose you must go home. / 時間很晚了,所以我想你必須回家。
Suppose you are walking on a hot and dusty road. / 想像你正走在一條又熱、風沙又大的路上。
You are not supposed to wear jeans at such a formal meeting. / 在這麼正式的會議上你不應該穿牛仔褲的。

system [`sɪstəm] n. 系統,制度
同義字:structure [`strʌktʃɚ] n. 結構;process [`prɑsɛs] n. 過程
You'll have to learn the operating system before you can use this machine. / 使用機器前,你要先學習它的操作系統。
Few parents are in favor of the recent changes to the education system. / 贊成最近教育制度改革的家長寥寥可數。
延伸:the operating system (機器)操作系統;the educational/education system 教育制度

systematic [͵sɪstə`mætɪk] a. 有系統的
衍生字:systematically [͵sɪstə`mætɪkḷɪ] adv. 有系統地
同義字:orderly [`ɔrdɚlɪ] a. 有次序的
In an assembly line, everything must be done in a systematic way. / 在生產線上,一切都必須以有系統的方式作業。

union [`junjən] n. 工會,聯合
The union decided to go on strike due to the low wages. / 由於薪資偏低,因此該工會決定罷工。
This car is a perfect union of beauty and technology. / 這輛車子是美與科技的完美結合。
延伸:a labor union 工會,勞工聯盟  a trade union 商會

unite [ju`naɪt] vt. 使聯合 vi. 團結
衍生字:unit [`junɪt] n. 單位 ①;unify [`junə͵faɪ] vt. 統整、統一 ⑥
Our goal is to unite the labor unions to oppose the new policy. / 我們的目標是聯合這些勞工團體反對這項新政策。
We should unite, or we'll be defeated by the enemy. / 我們要團結,否則會被敵人擊潰。*defeat [dɪ`fit] vt. 擊敗
用法:過去分詞可作形容詞,表『團結的』。
If we remain united, there will be nothing we can't achieve. / 我們若團結,什麼事都做得了。

unity [`junətɪ] n. 一致,團結(不可數)
同義字:teamwork [`tim͵wɝk] n. 團隊合作
The plot of the drama lacks unity. / 這齣戲的劇情缺乏一致性。
The political party lost the election due to lack of unity. / 該政黨選舉失敗是因為不團結。
用法:unity 可與介詞 with in 並用,形成下列很好的句子:
Without unity, we'll face failure. / 我們若不團結,就會面臨失敗。
In unity there is strength. / 團結就是力量。

university [͵junə`vɝsətɪ] n. 大學
He was admitted to the university of his choice. / 他獲准進入他理想中的大學。
延伸:a university student 大學生 = a college studenta university of one's choice 某人理想中的大學


Unit 02
account [ə`kaʊnt] vi. 說明,解釋(與介詞for並用)n. 帳戶,理由,報導,考慮
衍生字:accountable [ə`kaʊntəbḷ] a. 應負責的 ⑥
片語:account for sth  說明⋯ = explain sth
on account of... 因為⋯ = because of... = due to...  = owing to...open an account 開立帳戶;take...into account 考慮⋯ = take...into consideration
Hard work accounts for his success. / 努力是他成功的原因。
I'd like to open a savings account at the bank. / 我想在銀行開一個儲蓄帳戶。
He failed on account of laziness. / 他因懶惰而失敗了。
I read an account of the plane crash in the newspaper. / 我在報紙上讀到一篇有關墜機事件的報導。
Before asking him to handle this huge mission, you should take his physical condition into account. / 你要他處理此一艱鉅的任務之前應先考慮他的身體狀況。

achieve [ə`tʃiv] vt. 達成,達到
同義字:accomplish [ə`kʌmplɪʃ] vt. 達成,完成 ④
attain [ə`ten] 獲得;到達 ⑥;obtain [əb`ten] vt. 獲得 ④
If you work hard, you will eventually achieve your goals. / 如果你努力,最後終將達成目標。
At this time, this project is 95 percent achieved. / 目前這項計畫已經完成了 95%

achievement [ə`tʃivmənt] n. 成就
同義字:accomplishment [ə`kʌmplɪʃmənt] n. 成就 ④
The achievements of computer technology have been incredible. / 電腦科技的成就令人難以置信。
You've made it into Harvard, Jim. That's quite an achievement. / 吉姆,你成功進入哈佛大學。這真是了不起的一項成就。

apparent [ə`pærənt] a. 明顯的,表面的
同義字:obvious [`ɑbvɪəs] a. 明顯的 ③;evident [`ɛvədənt] adv. 明顯的 ④
It is apparent that the fìtness center has serious fìnancial problems. / 很顯然地,該健身中心有嚴重的財務問題。
The girl's apparent innocence was just an act. / 這女孩表面的天真不過是裝模作樣。

apparently [ə`pærəntlɪ] adv. 顯然地
衍生字:appear [ə`pɪr] vi. 出現;似乎 ①  appearance [ə`pɪrəns] n. 出現;外表 ②
同義字:evidently [`ɛvədəntlɪ] adv. 明顯地 ④; obviously [`ɑbvɪəslɪ] adv.顯然地 ③
Apparently, the general manager's wife knew nothing about the scandal. / 很明顯地,總經理夫人對該醜聞全然不知。

approach [ə`protʃ] vt. vi. 接近 n. 方法,通路(與介詞 to 並用)
片語:an approach to + N/V-ing 的方法/管道;be fast approaching 即將來臨 = be around the corner = be near at hand = be coming soon
They approached the ferocious animal with caution. / 他們小心翼翼地接近這隻兇猛的動物。*ferocious [fə`roʃəs] a. 兇猛的;caution [`kɔʃən] n. 謹慎;with caution 小心翼翼地 = cautiously [`kɔʃəslɪ] adv. = carefully [`kɛrfəlɪ] adv.
According to the weather forecast, a hurricane is fast approaching. / 根據氣象預報,有一個颶風快速接近中。
The best approach to learning English is to read English articles out loud and watch English TV programs. / 學習英語的最佳途徑是大聲的朗誦英文文章及看英語電視節目。*read sth out loud 大聲唸某物

attitude [`ætətjud] n. 態度
He has a positive attitude towards life. / 他對人生持積極的態度。
用法:本字之後多接介詞 to/toward/towards an attitude to/toward/towards sth對某事物的態度

committee [kə`mɪtɪ] n. 委員會
How many members are there on your committee? / 你的委員會有多少人?
用法:該字及 team(隊伍)通常與介詞 on 並用。

detail [`ditel] n. 細節 vt. 詳細列出
衍生字:detailed [`diteld / dɪ`teld] a. 詳細的
片語:in detail 詳細地 = at length
I haven't had time to review the proposal in detail yet. / 我還沒有時間詳細審閱這個提案。
I need the report detailing your travel expenses by this Friday. / 星期五以前我需要一份詳列你們旅行支出的報告。

factor [`fæktɚ] n. 因素(與介詞 in 並用)
同義字:cause [kɔz] n. 原因 ①
Arrogance was a major factor in his failure. / 傲慢自大是他失敗的主因。*arrogance [`ærəgəns] n. 傲慢

fake [fek] a. 假的 n. 贗品 vt. 偽造,假裝
反義字:genuine [`dʒɛnjʊɪn] a. 真正的 ④
Brian was caught using fake money. / 布萊恩因為使用假鈔被抓。
After careful examination, the experts revealed that the painting was a fake. / 經過詳細檢驗,專家指出這幅畫是假畫。
The teacher was angry when he found Gary had faked his father's signature. / 老師發現蓋瑞偽造父親的簽名時很生氣。
Ruth didn't want to go out with Tim, so she faked a stomachache. / 茹絲不想和提姆約會,所以假裝胃痛。
用法:fake 可作形容詞或名詞,有下列用法:This is a fake painting.fake 是形容詞)(這是一幅假畫。) This painting is a fake.fake 是名詞)(這幅畫是贗品/假畫。)

fax [fæks] n. 傳真 vt. 傳真
Did you get the fax from Mr. Wilson? / 你收到威爾遜先生傳來的傳真了嗎?
Could you fax me a copy of your report? / 可以把你報告的副本傳真一份給我嗎?
延伸:faxfacsimile [fæk`sɪməlɪ]的簡寫,由於 facsimile過長,現均以fax取代。

image [`ɪmɪdʒ] n. 形象,意象,影像,圖像
衍生字:self-image [͵sɛlf`ɪmɪdʒ] n. 自我形象  imagine [ɪ`mædʒɪn] vt. 想像 ②;imaginative [ɪ`mædʒə͵netɪv] a. 有想像力的 ④;imaginary [ɪ`mædʒə͵nɛrɪ] a. 想像出來的,虛構的 ④
The aim of this activity is to improve the public image of the politician. / 這個活動的目的就是要改善這位政治人物的形象。
You can fìnd images of the spring everywhere in the poem. / 你在這首詩裡到處可以看到春天的意象。
The images of people at war make me feel uncomfortable. / 那些處於戰爭時期人們的圖像讓我感到很不舒服。

imagination [ɪ͵mædʒə`neʃən] n. 想像力
衍生字:imaginable [ɪ`mædʒɪnəbḷ] a. 可想得到的 ④
Use your imagination and see if you can come up with a better idea. / 運用你的想像力,看看你能不能想出更好的辦法。

immediate [ɪ`midɪɪt] a. 立刻的,最接近的,直接的
片語:in the immediate future 在不久的將來 = in the near future
There was an immediate response to her request. / 她的要求立刻得到回應。
The man's immediate heir was his son. / 這位男子的直接繼承人就是他兒子。*heir [ɛr] n. 繼承人(h 不發音)

immediately [ɪ`midɪɪtlɪ] adv. 立刻,馬上
片語:immediately after...  之後沒多久 = shortly after... = instantly after...
同義字:instantly [`ɪnstəntlɪ] adv. 立刻 ② = shortly = right away = at once
I went over immediately after I fìnished writing the letter. = I went over shortly after I fìnished writing the letter. / 我一寫完信就立刻過去。

indeed [ɪn`did] adv. 真正地
衍生字:really [`rɪəlɪ] adv. 真正地 ①;truly [`trulɪ] adv. 真正地 ①
A friend in need is a friend indeed. / 患難見真情/困境中的朋友才是真正的朋友。──諺語

individual [͵ɪndə`vɪdʒʊəl] a. 個別的,個人的 n.  個人,個體
衍生字:individualism [͵ɪndə`vɪdʒʊəl͵ɪsəm] n. 個人主義;individuality [͵ɪndə͵vɪdʒʊ`ælətɪ] n. 個性
She couldn't give the students individual attention because the class was too large. / 由於這個班太大,她無法個別去照料學生。
They discussed the rights of the individual versus the rights of the group. / 他們討論個人權益和團體權益的衝突。*versus [`vɝsəs] prep. 對抗

individually [͵ɪndə`vɪdʒʊəlɪ] adv. 個別地
同義字:separately [`sɛpərɪtlɪ] adv. 分別地 ②
People differ individually. / 人各有不同。

magical [`mædʒɪkḷ] a. 魔術的,神奇的
衍生字:magically [`mædʒɪkḷɪ] adv. 魔術般地,神奇地;magic [`mædʒɪk] n. 魔術 ②;magician [mə`dʒɪʃən] n. 魔術師 ②
No medicine is so magical that it can cure all illnesses. / 沒有一種藥神奇到什麼病都能治。

medical [`mɛdɪkḷ] a. 醫療的,內科的(『外科的』則為 surgical [`sɝdʒɪkḷ]
衍生字:medicine [`mɛdəsṇ] n. 藥;醫學 ②;medical school 醫學院
You need a medical checkup before the surgery. / 手術前你須要做一次醫療檢查。
The hospital has both medical and surgical wards. / 這家醫院內科病房和外科病房都有。

mention [`mɛnʃən] vt. 提及 n. 提及
片語:not to mention... 更不用說⋯ = to say nothing of... = not to speak of...make no mention of... 未提及
No one mentioned the fact that Harry failed the test again. / 沒有人提到哈利考試又不及格了。
She is good at playing many musical instruments, not to mention the piano. / 她會演奏很多種樂器,鋼琴就更不必提了。
In public, Alex made no mention of his private life. / 公眾場合上,亞利克斯不提及他的私生活。

normal [`nɔrmḷ] a. 正常的
反義字:abnormal [æb`nɔrmḷ] a. 反常的;不規則的 ⑥
It's normal to feel nervous before a test. / 考前會感到緊張是正常的。

normally [`nɔrmḷɪ] adv. 正常地,平常
同義字:usually [`juʒʊəlɪ] adv. 通常 ②
Henry hasn't been behaving normally recently. / 亨利最近行為不大正常。
I normally leave home at 7:30 a.m. / 我平常早上 7 點半出門。

perform [pɚ`fɔrm] vt. 執行,履行  vi. 表演,表現
同義字:carry out... 執行
The surgeon has performed this operation before. / 該外科醫生以前動過這種手術。
The teacher told us to perform our civic duties. /
老師告訴我們要盡市民的義務。*civic [`sɪvɪk] a. 市民的
The young actor performed with such zest that there is no doubt that he will be awarded the prize for the most outstanding actor in the play. /
這名年輕男演員的演出如此賣力,他將獲頒此劇的最佳男演員獎是無庸置疑的。*zest [zɛst] n. 熱忱
Much to my surprise, most of the students performed very well on the exam. / 很讓我驚訝的是,大部分的學生這次考試表現得很好。
用法:perform a mission 執行某任務 = carry out a missionperform one's duties 履行某人的義務 = carry out one's duties

performance [pɚ`fɔrməns] n. 表演,表現
The famous actress gave a great performance in the play last night. / 那位知名的女演員昨晚在舞台劇中有精彩的演出。
I'm pleased that my son's academic performance is very good. = I'm pleased that my son does well in school. / 我兒子的功課很好,這令我滿意。
用法:表某人在校成績優良,有下列說法:
John does well in school. = John's academic performance is good. / 約翰在校成績優良。*academic [͵ækə`dɛmɪk] a. 學術的

permission [pɚ`mɪʃən] n. 許可,准許
片語:without sb's permission 未經某人的允許
= without sb's consent/agreement 未經某人的同意
You are not allowed to use the machine without my permission. / 沒有我的許可,你不能使用這台機器。

permit [pɚ`mɪt]/[`pɝmɪt] vt. vi. 准許允許 n. 許可證
片語permit sb to V 准許某人做permit +V-ing  允許從事
衍生字permissive [pɚ`mɪsɪv] a. 許可的
同義字allow [ə`laʊ] vt. 准許 ①;alow sb to V 准許某人做allow + V-ing 允許從事
反義字ban [bæn] vt. 禁止以名詞或動名詞作受詞& n. 禁令 ⑤;prohibit [prə`hɪbɪt] vt. 禁止以名詞或動名詞作受詞)⑥
We are not permitted to smoke here. / 我們不得在此地抽煙。
I'll contact you after the meeting if time permits.  / 如果時間許可的話開完會後我會跟你聯絡。
You need a permit to go fìshing here. / 你要有許可證才可以在這裡釣魚。

prevent [prɪ`vɛnt] vt. 阻止預防避免
片語:prevent sb from N/V-ing/being p.p. 阻止某人;使某人無法
衍生字:preventive [prɪ`vɛntɪv] a. 預防的 ⑥
同義字:avoid [ə`vɔɪd] vt. 避免 ②;stop [stɑp] vt.阻止 ①
Robert's sore legs prevented him from joining the marathon. / 羅勃特腿痠使他無法參加馬拉松比賽。
Taking necessary precautions will prevent many accidents from happening. / 採取必要的預防措施能防止許多意外的發生。

prevention [prɪ`vɛnʃən] n. 阻止,預防,避免
They organized an association for the prevention of child abuse. / 他們組織了一個防止虐童的協會。
Prevention is better than cure. = An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. / 預防勝於治療。──諺語
延伸:crime prevention 犯罪預防;disaster prevention 災難預防*disaster [dɪ`zæstɚ] n. 災難

product [`prɑdʌkt] n. 產品,成果,結果
衍生字:produce [`prodjus] n. 農產品(集合名詞,不可數)& [prə`djus] vt. 生產;出版 ②;producer [prə`djusɚ] n. 生產者;製片人 ②;productivity [͵prɑdʌk`tɪvətɪ] n. 生產力 ⑥;by-product [`baɪ͵prɑdəkt] n. 副產品
Most of the produce on the island is exported to Japan. / 島上的許多農產品都外銷日本。
The country's main product is timber. / 該國的主要產物是木材。*timber [`tɪmbɚ] n. 木材(集合名詞,不可數)= lumber [`lʌmbɚ] n.
延伸:produce 作名詞當『農產品』解時,許多字典所注的發音為 [`prɑdjus],老外(尤其是美、加人士)卻唸成 [`prodjus]。因此要學好真正正確的發音就應多接觸英語廣播節目,而不要盡信字典。

reduce [rɪ`djus] vt. 使減少,使淪為
片語:reduce sb to + V-ing 使某人淪為
同義字:decrease [dɪ`kris] vt. & vi. 減少 ④
反義字:increase [ɪn`kris] vt. & vi. 增加 ②
Despite his pay cut, he won't reduce his standard of living. / 儘管他被減薪,他仍不願降低他的生活水準。
Bankruptcy reduced him to begging. = He was reduced to begging after he went bankrupt. / 破產後他淪為乞丐。*bankruptcy [`bæŋkrʌptsɪ] n. 破產;bankrupt [`bæŋkrʌpt] a. 破產的;go bankrupt 破產

reduction [rɪ`dʌkʃən] n. 減少,折扣
同義字:decrease [`dikris] n. 減少(本字亦可作 動詞,唸成 [dɪ`kris])④
discount [`dɪskaʊnt] n. 折扣 ④
反義字:increase [`ɪnkris] n. 增加 ②(本字亦可 作動詞,念成 [ɪn`kris]
There has been a reduction in the birth rate of this country ever since war broke out. / 戰爭爆發後,該國的出生率已經降低了。
The supermarket advertised many price reductions. / 該超市做了許多優惠活動的廣告。

religion [rɪ`lɪdʒən] n. 宗教(可數/不可數)
Freedom of religion is a fundamental human right. / 宗教信仰自由是一項基本人權。
延伸:freedom of religion 宗教自由;freedom of speech 言論自由

religious [rɪ`lɪdʒəs] a. 虔誠的,宗教的
The rational scientist is very religious. / 這位理性的科學家對宗教非常虔誠。
Never talk about religious or political issues at social gatherings. / 社交聚會千萬不要談論宗教或政治議題。
延伸:a religious belief 某宗教信仰;different religious beliefs 不同的宗教信仰

remove [rɪ`muv] vt. 移開,除去
片語:remove A from B A B 中除去
衍生字:removal [rɪ`muvḷ] n. 移開;除去 ⑥
I removed an ink stain from a shirt with the special cleanser. / 我用這種特別的清潔劑把襯衫上的墨漬洗掉了。*cleanser [`klɛnzɚ] n. 清潔劑

represent [͵rɛprɪ`zɛnt] vt. 代表,象徵
衍生字:representation [͵rɛprɪzɛn`teʃən] n. 代表 ③
同義字:symbolize [`sɪmbḷ͵aɪz] vt. 象徵 ⑥
George represented his company at the press conference. / 喬治代表公司出席記者會。
This ring, though inexpensive, represents my love for you. = This ring, though inexpensive, stands for my love for you. / 這只戒指雖然不貴,卻代表著我對妳的愛。
用法:represent sth 代表某事物 = stand for sth = be a representation of sth

representation [͵rɛprɪzɛn`teʃən] n. 代表權,呈現
Our company has sufficient representation in Europe. / 我們公司在歐洲有足夠的代表權。
用法:representation 亦可表『代表』,用於下列片語:be a representation of... 代表

representative [͵rɛprɪ`zɛntətɪv] a. 代表性的 n.  代表者
片語:be representative of ... 代表⋯ = stand for...  = represent... = be a representation of...
The dove is representative of peace. / 鴿子代表和平。
The union sent a representative to negotiate with management. / 工會派出一位代表和資方談判。*此處 management 表資方或公司管理高層,之前通常不置任何冠詞。

respond [rɪ`spɑnd] vi. 回答,回應,反應(均與介詞 to 並用)
片語:respond to sth 對某事做出反應
She responded to my questions quickly. / 她很快回答了我的問題。
They waved and I responded with a smile. / 他們揮手,而我則報以微笑。
The patient responded well to the new medicine.  / 病人對新藥的反應良好。

response [rɪ`spɑns] n. 回應,回答,反應(亦均與介詞 to 並用)
片語:in response to... 做出回應
同義字:feedback [`fid͵bæk] n. 反應;回饋 ⑥  reply [rɪ`plaɪ] n. & vt. 回覆 ②
衍生字:responsive [rɪ`spɑnsɪv] a. 有反應的;敏感的
Has there been any response to your letter?  / 你的信有回音了嗎?
In response to your letter dated July 1, we regret to say that we'll have to cancel the deal. / 茲回覆台端 7 1 日的來信,我們很遺憾表示,我們不得不取消這個交易。
His response to my proposal was discouraging. / 他對我的提議反應很令人沮喪。

responsibility [rɪ͵spɑnsə`bɪlətɪ] n. 責任
片語:take responsibility for N/V-ing 負責
衍生字:responsible [rɪ`spɑnsəbḷ] a. 負責的(與介詞 for 並用)②
irresponsible [͵ɪrɪ`spɑnsəbḷ] a. 沒責任感的 ②
You should take responsibility for what you've done. = You should be responsible for what you've done. / 你應該對自己做過的事負責。

strength [strɛŋθ] n.  力量,優點
衍生字:strong [strɔŋ] a. 強壯的 ①;strengthen [`strɛŋθən] vt. & vi. 加強 ④;strengthen one's muscles by exercising 藉由運動加強肌力
Operating this machine requires skill more than physical strength. / 操作這台機器需要的技巧比體力還多。
Please analyze the strengths and weaknesses of this proposal. / 請針對這個提案分析它的優缺點。*analyze [`ænḷ͵aɪz] vt. 分析

technical [`tɛknɪkḷ] a.  技術的,專門的
衍生字:a technical term 專業術語
Frank studied auto repair at a technical school. / 法蘭克在一所技術學校學汽車修護。
An architect must have technical skills as well as knowledge. / 建築師必須有專門的技術和知識。

technique [tɛk`nik] n. 技巧手法
同義字:method [`mɛθəd] n. 方法 ②
The artist was highly acclaimed for his painting techniques.該藝術家的繪畫技巧受到高度讚揚。*acclaim [ə`klem] vt. 稱讚 = praise [prez] vt.

technology [tɛk`nɑlədʒɪ] n. 科技
Perhaps we have put too much faith in the power of technology. / 或許我們太過相信科技的力量了。

variety [və`raɪətɪ] n. 變化,種類
片語:a variety of... 各式各樣的
Peter is a workaholic; his life lacks variety. / 彼得是個工作狂;他的生活缺乏變化。*workaholic [͵wɝkə`hɔlɪk] a. 工作狂
The library offers a wide variety of books to choose from. / 圖書館有各類書可供選擇。

various [`vɛrɪəs] a. 各式各樣的
衍生字:variation [͵vɛrɪ`eʃən] n. 變化 ⑥  variable [`vɛrɪəbḷ] a. 易變的 & n. 變數 ⑥
invariably [ɪn`vɛrɪəblɪ] adv. 不變地 ⑥
There have been various solutions to the problem. / 這個問題有各式各樣的解決辦法。*solution [sə`luʃən] n. 解決之道(與介詞 to 並用)a solution to a problem 某問題的解決之道

vary [`vɛrɪ] vi. 變化 vt.  改變
片語:vary in... 方面有所不同
同義字:differ [`dɪfɚ] vi. 變化,不同 ④;change [tʃendʒ] vt. 變化;改變 ②
The weather here varies between cool and very hot. / 這裡的天氣變化很大,忽而涼爽忽而酷熱。
He varied the games he played with the children so as not to bore them. / 他更換和孩子們玩的遊戲,以免使他們感到無聊。*bore [bɔr] vt. 使無聊

volume [`vɑljəm] n. 量,容量,冊,音量
片語:turn the volume up/down 把音量開大/關小
a large volume of + 不可數名詞 大量的⋯ = a large amount of + 不可數名詞
We need a large volume of money and manpower for this project. / 我們需要大量的財力及人力才能推動這個 計劃。
The volume of traffic reaches its peak during rush hour. / 交通流量在上下班尖峰時間會達到高峰。
The history of the Roman Empire is in volumes 3 and 4. / 羅馬的歷史收錄在第 34 冊中。
Would you mind turning the volume down? I'm studying. / 你介意把音量關小嗎?我正在唸書。

weakness [`wiknɪs] n. 虛弱,弱點
衍生字:weak [wik] a. 虛弱的 ①  weaken [`wikən] vt. 使虛弱 ④
You're not suitable for the job because of your physical weakness. / 你身體虛弱,因此不適合這個工作。
Math is my weakness but music is my forte.
數學是我的弱項,不過音樂卻是我的強項。*forte [`fɔr͵te] n. 強處,優勢
用法:表『優點』、『缺點』有下列說法:
優點/強項:advantagestrong pointstrengthforte;缺點/弱項:disadvantageweak pointweakness

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