句型重點解析 UNIT 5.3

1. Noun Clauses as Subjects or Objects

說明1. 名詞子句可在句子中當主詞或受詞，視為單數。可引導名詞子句的連接詞有that、if、whether及wh-疑問詞等。

2. 由that所引導的名詞子句作受詞時常省略that，作主詞時則必須保留。

例句

1. The results showed (that) those participating in the experiment ate 73 percent more soup than normal.

 (結果顯示那些參與實驗的人喝下比平常多了73%的湯。)

2. That Ig Nobel research is fascinating should by now be clear.

 (現在搞笑諾貝爾獎研究的迷人之處應該很清楚了。)

3. What the murderer has done is unforgivable. (那個殺人犯的所作所為是不可原諒的。)

2. more A than B

說明：此句型表示「與其說是B，不如說是A」，A和B的詞性須一致。

例句

1. Wansink stated that people eat more with their eyes than (with) their stomachs.

 (Wansink說明人們與其說是用胃吃東西，不如說是用眼睛吃東西。)

2. Susan is more diligent than intelligent. (與其說Susan聰明，不如說她努力。)

3. My father was more disappointed than angry about my grades.

 (與其說我父親對我的成績感到生氣，不如說他是感到失望。)

3. (Being +) Adj/Vpp..., S + V....

說明：形成分詞構句時，含有be動詞的副詞子句或被動語態可以只保留形容詞或過去分詞(Vpp)，省略在句首的Being。

例句

1. Because people were unaware of what was going on, they kept eating from these “bottomless bowls.”
→ Unaware of what was going on, people kept eating from these “bottomless bowls.”

    (因為人們不知道發生什麼事，他們持續從這些「無底碗」中進食。)

2. Since Jill is fond of sweets, she never finishes a meal without dessert.
→ Fond of sweets, Jill never finishes a meal without dessert.
   (由於熱愛甜食，Jill一定要吃完甜點才結束一餐。)

3. Because Terry is interested in Chinese culture, he started to learn Chinese.
→ Interested in Chinese culture, Terry started to learn Chinese.
   (因為對中華文化感興趣，Terry開始學中文。)

4. All (that)/What + S + have to do + is/was + (to) V....

說明1. 名詞子句All (that)/What + S + have to do為此句型的主詞，視為第三人稱單數。

2. 主詞補語為不定詞(to V)，其to可省略。

3. 名詞子句中的All可換成What；而have to也可改用其他助動詞如must、should、can等代換。

例句

1. The researchers proved that all these farmers have to do is name the cows.
(研究人員證明這些農夫所必須做的就是幫乳牛命名。)

2. The bus just left. All we can do is wait for the next one. (公車剛剛開走了。我們能做的就是等下一班。)

3. What the police had to do was find out where the bomb was. (警方必須做的是找出炸彈在哪裡。)

5. be (un)able to + V　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不)能夠……

說明：此句型用來表示「能力」，常可和can(not)代換，需變化時態直接調整be動詞之時態即可。

例句

1. A woman wearing the Emergency Bra will be able to not only survive a terrorist attack but also save someone beside her. (穿著救難胸罩的女性不只能從恐怖攻擊中存活下來，也可以拯救她旁邊的人。)

2. To get the job, you should be able to speak fluent English. (要得到這份工作，你應該要能說流利的英文。)

3. Tim hurt his legs, so he was unable to run the marathon. (Tim的雙腿受傷，所以他無法參加馬拉松比賽。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Karl looks like ________ a farmer than a scientist.
(A) such                  (B) much                   (C) more                    (D) that

(　) 2. Rita is so kind that she is unable ________ down her friends’ requests.
(A) to turning         (B) to turn                 (C) of turning            (D) of turn

(　) 3. That John and Mark are bullies ________ known to everyone.
(A) is                      (B) are                       (C) be                        (D) to be

(　) 4. ________ about the victory, we kept shouting and jumping.
(A) Be excited        (B) Be exciting          (C) Excited               (D) Exciting

(　) 5. I am very tired. All I want to do now ________ a rest.
(A) are taking         (B) are take               (C) is taking              (D) is take

(　) 6. The suspect claimed ________ he was innocent of the crime (犯罪).
(A) to be                 (B) which                  (C) what                    (D) that

(　) 7. Jack spent ________ time on play than on study.
(A) that                   (B) more                    (C) such                     (D) much

(　) 8. If I finish my homework by seven, I will be able ________ to the party.
(A) to go                 (B) to going               (C) of go                   (D) of going

(　) 9. ________ with the city, we got lost.
(A) Familiar not                                        (B) Not familiar
(C) Be not familiar                                   (D) Be familiar not

(　) 10. What you have to do ________ to your teacher for cheating in the exam.

(A) is apologizing                                  (B) is apologize
(C) are apologizing                                 (D) are apologize

II. 改寫句子：依據提示字將以下各句改寫。

1. Steve can’t read without his glasses.　(unable...)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The patient has to do nothing but follow the doctor’s advice.　(All....)
→ ____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Because the river is filled with trash, it smells disgusting.　(改成分詞構句)
　→ ____________________________________________________________________________________

4. I was not so much angry as worried when my son came home late.　(more...than...)

　→ ____________________________________________________________________________________

5. It is a great discovery that animals help sick people get better.　(That....)

　→ ____________________________________________________________________________________

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 因為臥病在床，Tommy不能出去玩。

________________ ________________ in bed, Tommy couldn’t go out to play.

2. Bruce想做的是多花點時間陪家人。

________________ Bruce wants to do ________________ ________________ more time with his family.

3. Linda喜歡炫耀她的財富，這使她不受歡迎。

________________ Linda likes to brag about her wealth ________________ her unpopular.

4. 我的記性很差，所以我無法在短時間內記住大量的生字。

I have a poor memory, so I am ________________ ________________ m________________ a lot of new words in a short time.

5. Alan吸引女孩子的與其說是他的才華不如說是他俊俏的臉蛋。

It is ________________ Alan’s handsome face ________________ his talents that attracts girls.

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.2

1. no/not/never...without + V-ing/N

說明此為雙重否定的句型，句中用兩個否定詞來表示肯定，為「無……不……，每……必……」之意。注意without為介系詞，後面須接動名詞(V-ing)或名詞。

例句

1. It is never a good idea to take a job without finding out as much information about it as possible in advance.
(沒有事先盡可能找出越多關於某份工作的資訊就接受它，絕對不是個好點子。)

2. Monica has no power without drinking coffee in the morning. (Monica早上沒喝咖啡就沒精神。)

3. I cannot finish my report without a computer. (我沒有電腦就無法完成我的報告。)

2. S + Vt (leave/keep/find) + O + OC (Adj/V-ing/Vpp)

說明1. leave、keep、find為不完全及物動詞，在受詞(O)之後須加形容詞或分詞當受詞補語(OC)，以使語意完整。受詞補語和受詞如為主動關係，即使用現在分詞(V-ing)；若是被動關係，則用過去分詞(Vpp)。

2. leave、keep表示「使……保持……狀態」；find則表示「發現……處於……狀態」。

例句

1. You may find the work either boring or backbreaking—or both.
(你可能會發現這份工作不是很無聊就是讓人腰痠背痛──或兩者皆是。)

2. Jason shouldn’t leave his students standing in the rain as a punishment.(Jason不該把他的學生留在雨中罰站。)

3. Rachel will keep the gold hidden in the attic. (Rachel將把金子藏在閣樓裡。)

3. one thing...another　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　一回事……另一回事

說明此句型表示「一回事……另一回事」，another為代名詞，指同類的其他事物。

例句

1. It is one thing to have such a dream, but quite another to get the money needed to realize this dream.
(擁有如此的夢想是一回事，但取得實現夢想所需的資金又是另一回事。)

2. To say is one thing, and to do is another. (說是一回事，而做又是另一回事。)

3. It is one thing to learn English, while quite another to talk in English.
(學英文是一回事，然而開口說英文又是另一回事。)

4. too + Adj + to V　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　太……以致於不能……

說明1. 此句型表示「太……以致於不能……」，too後面接形容詞原級，再接不定詞 (to V)。注意句型裡雖未出現not等否定字彙，但本身即具有否定意義。

2. 此句型也可用so...that替換，但so...that本身並沒有否定意義，故that後面須用否定子句，改寫成“so + Adj + that + 否定子句”。

例句

1. Does this sound too good to be true?→Does this sound so good that it cannot be true?(這聽起來好到不像真的嗎？)

2. My brother is too young to drink. →My brother is so young that he cannot drink.(我弟弟還太小不能喝酒。)

3. One is never too old to learn.→ One is never so old that he or she cannot learn.   (活到老，學到老。)

5. S + make + it + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....

說明1. make為不完全及物動詞，加上受詞後須再加形容詞作為受詞補語，才能使句意完整；其他相同用法的動詞有find、think、consider等。

2. 此句型中真正的受詞為後面的不定詞片語(to V)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，故用虛受詞it來替代。

例句

1. Having other people who are also in a similar situation makes it easy to make friends.
(擁有其他身在同樣處境的人讓交朋友變得容易。)

2. The student’s terrible handwriting made it difficult to read his homework.
(這個學生潦草的筆跡讓閱讀他的作業變得困難。)

3. My family’s poor economic conditions make it impossible for me to study abroad.
(我家困難的經濟狀況讓我不可能出國唸書。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. After the flood, we found all the roads ________ with mud.
(A) cover                (B) covering              (C) covered               (D) to cover

(　) 2. It is one thing to gain knowledge, but quite ________ to use it well.
(A) other                 (B) others                  (C) the others            (D) another

(　) 3. Seeing the accident, Mike was too shocked ________ a word.
(A) to say               (B) to saying             (C) that say               (D) that saying

(　) 4. The invention of the plane makes it ________ for humans ________ in the sky.
(A) possible; to fly      (B) possible; to flying     (C) possibly; to fly          (D) possibly; to flying

(　) 5. My grandfather cannot read ________ his glasses.
(A) with                  (B) without               (C) from                    (D) to

(　) 6. The boy is ________ shy ________ talk to girls.
(A) so; that             (B) so; to                   (C) too; that              (D) too; to

(　) 7. Cooking is one thing, but cooking well is ________.
(A) another             (B) other                    (C) others                  (D) the others

(　) 8. The writer’s humorous writing style makes it ________ to ________ her books.
(A) interestingly; reading    (B) interestingly; read     (C) interesting; reading   (D) interesting; read

(　) 9. I forgot to turn off my computer and left it ________ all night.
(A) run                    (B) running                (C) ran                       (D) to running

(　) 10. The writer has no inspiration without ________ alcohol.

(A) drinking         (B) drink                   (C) to drink               (D) to drinking

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Watching a movie is one thing, but it is other to make one.

(A)         (B)               (C)         (D)

(　) ____________ 2. I can never talk to Penny without get angry.

                                                (A)    (B)                         (C) (D)

(　) ____________ 3. The book is too difficult for a six-year-old child to understanding.

                                (A)          (B)        (C)    (D)

(　) ____________ 4. Allison drank a lot of coffee to keep herself wake.

                                                    (A)   (B)               (C)  (D)

(　) ____________ 5. My father’s busy work makes it difficult for him to spending time with us.

                                          (A)  (B)             (C)       (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Anna發現自己被她最好的朋友騙了。
Anna ________________ herself ________________ by her best friend.

2. 我知道現在道歉為時已晚，但我還是要乞求你的原諒。
I know it’s ___________ late ___________ ____________ now, but I’m still begging for your forgiveness.

3. 海灘上的碎玻璃和瓦礫讓光腳行走變得危險。
The broken glass and rubble on the beach made it ________________ to ________________ barefoot.

4. 我們不能沒有仔細思考就做出決定。
We can ________________ make a decision ________________ ________________ carefully.

5. 對那些曾遭受家暴的人來說，治療身體的傷是一回事，但治癒心裡的傷又是另一回事。
For those who have suffered from domestic violence, it is ________________ ________________ to heal the wounds of the body, but quite ________________ to heal the wounds of the heart.

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.1

1. No other + A + be + as Adj as + B

說明1. 此句型用形容詞原級來表示最高級涵義，特別注意no other之後的名詞為單數。

2. 此句型也可用形容詞比較級來替換，改寫成“No other + A + be + Adj-er/more Adj + than + B”。

例句

1. In Brazil, no other gesture is as offensive as the OK sign. (在巴西，沒有其他手勢比OK手勢更得罪人。)
→ In Brazil, no other gesture is more offensive than the OK sign.

2. No other stone is as hard as diamond. (沒有其他石頭比鑽石更堅硬。)
→ No other stone is harder than diamond.

3. No other dessert is as tasty as the apple pie that my mom makes.
→ No other dessert is tastier than the apple pie that my mom makes.

(沒有其他甜點比我媽媽做的蘋果派更美味。)

2. N + that-clause (同位語)

說明that引導名詞子句當同位語，用來說明前面的名詞。常被修飾的名詞有fact、wish、idea、news、doubt、feeling、thought、opinion、information、suggestion等。

例句

1. David wants to give the Brazilian reassurance that everything is fine.
(David想要讓那位巴西人放心一切都很好。)

2. We were excited about the news that our school team had won the game.
(我們對校隊贏得比賽的消息感到很興奮。)

3. The employee had no idea that he had made a huge mistake. (這名雇員不知道自己犯了大錯。)

3. S + Vt + O + by + N/V-ing....

說明此句型為S + Vt + O的衍生用法，於受詞後加上介系詞by引導之介系詞片語，表示「藉由……，透過……」。

例句

1. David flashes the OK sign to the man by making his thumb and index finger into a circle and spreading his other three fingers out.(David藉由將拇指與食指圍成圓圈並張開其他三根手指對那名男子比OK手勢。)

2. You can make a hotel reservation by phone. (你可以透過電話訂房。)

3. A dog expresses its happiness by wagging its tail. (小狗用搖尾巴來表達快樂。)

4. seldom/rarely/little/never... + Aux/Be + S....

說明含有否定意味的副詞放句首時，句子須倒裝，也就是將助動詞或be動詞置於主詞前。其他否定副詞有hardly (幾乎不)、scarcely (幾乎不)、not until (直到……才)、no sooner (一……就) 等。

例句

1. Little did the tourist know how much trouble this small gesture could cause him.
(這名旅客幾乎不知道這小小的手勢會為他帶來多大麻煩。)

2. Seldom is my father angry at me. (我爸爸很少對我生氣。)

3. No sooner had I reached the bus stop than the bus left. (我才到公車站，公車就開走了。)

5. sth + be used + to V/for N

說明1. 此句型為被動語態，表示「被用來……」。

2. 易混淆的句型為“sb + be used to + N/V-ing”，表示「習慣……」。

例句

1. The thumbs-up signal was in truth used by the emperor to give the order for someone to be executed.
(豎起大姆指的信號其實是被皇帝用來下令處決的。)

2. These animals are used for scientific experiments. (這些動物被用來做科學實驗。)

3. My parents are used to taking a walk after dinner. (我的父母習慣在晚餐後散步。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. No other rumor is ________ the one Gary told me.
(A) more ridiculous as         (B) more ridiculous to    (C) as ridiculous as          (D) as ridiculous than

(　) 2. My English teacher gave me a suggestion ________ I should write more articles to improve my writing skills.
(A) which               (B) that                      (C) what                    (D) who

(　) 3. Microscopes (顯微鏡) are used ________ very tiny things.
(A) for observe       (B) for observation    (C) to observe           (D) to observing

(　) 4. Never ________ out with a rude person like you.
(A) I go                  (B) I will go              (C) will go I              (D) will I go

(　) 5. I keep in touch with my friend studying in the U.S. ________ e-mail.
(A) for                    (B) by                        (C) in                         (D) to

(　) 6. These gloves are used ________ protection.
(A) to                      (B) for                       (C) of                        (D) by

(　) 7. No other building is ________ Taipei 101 in Taiwan.
(A) as tall as           (B) as tall than           (C) taller as                (D) taller to

(　) 8. You can get good grades ________ hard.
(A) to study            (B) to studying          (C) by study              (D) by studying

(　) 9. Not until yesterday ________ the report.
(A) I did finish       (B) did I finish          (C) I finished            (D) finished I

(　) 10. Julia makes a wish ________ she can travel around the world some day.

(A) that                 (B) which                  (C) what                    (D) whose

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Mark has an idea which he can take his mother out for dinner on her birthday.

                                                                   (A)        (B)                                (C)      (D)

(　) ____________ 2. This sign is used to warning people about the danger of drunk driving.

                                                        (A)          (B)                    (C)               (D)

(　) ____________ 3. No other university is as good than this one.

                                                          (A)  (B)   (C)  (D)

(　) ____________ 4. Angela tries to keep fit by do regular exercise.

                                                    (A)      (B)  (C)        (D)

(　) ____________ 5. Never I have seen such a beautiful place before.

                                                  (A)  (B)  (C)               (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 每個人都可以藉由回收廢棄物來保護環境。
Everyone can protect the environment ________________ ________________ waste.

2. 許多人有這樣的想法，認為聽音樂有助於放鬆。
Many people have the ________________ ________________ listening to music would help relax.

3. 為了準備考試，昨晚我幾乎沒睡。
Hardly ________________ ________________ ________________ last night to prepare for the exam.

4. 有些香料被用來增加菜餚的味道。
Some spices are ________________ ________________ ________________ flavor to dishes.

5. 這家醫院裡沒有其他護士比Claire更有耐心。
________________ ________________ nurse in the hospital ________________ ________________ Claire.