句型重點解析 UNIT 5.6

1. S + V + 疑問詞 + S (+Aux) + V....

說明：此句型為間接問句，其中以疑問詞引導之名詞子句(S (+Aux) + V...)在整個句子當中做為動詞或介系詞之受詞。特別注意名詞子句應以直述句語序陳述，不需倒裝。

例句

1. A statement of purpose (SOP) is a short essay about yourself that explains why you want to study a subject at a college or university. (讀書計畫(SOP)是一篇關於你自己的短文，其中解釋你為何想要就讀某大學系所的原因。)

2. Peter is too young to know what he really wants to do in the future.
(Peter還太年輕以致於無法知道他未來真正想做什麼。)

3. Cindy is always careless about her study. She even doesn’t know when the entrance exam would be held.
(Cindy對於她的課業總是漫不經心。她甚至不知道什麼時候要舉行入學考試。)

2. Subordinating Conjunctions: after, before, when, while, because, since, although, if, etc.

說明：這些詞統稱為從屬連接詞(subordinating conjunctions)，用來引導副詞子句，若副詞子句置於句首時記得加上逗號與主要子句分開。

例句

1. Since an SOP is required in applications to many colleges and universities, it’s better to prepare one early on. (由於許多大專院校都要求在申請入學時須附上讀書計畫，所以最好儘早準備。)

2. The goods had already been sold out when I arrived at the department store.
(當我到達百貨公司時，商品已經賣完了。)

3. Although it is raining outside, Henry still goes jogging as usual.
(雖然外面正在下雨，Henry還是像平常一樣去慢跑。)

3.	It’s better to + V….	最好是……
	It’s better +if + S + V….

說明：此句型用來提供建議，better後可接不定詞(to V)或由if引導的子句。若想要加強語氣，則可把better改為best。

例句

1. Since an SOP is required in applications to many colleges and universities, it’s better to prepare one early on.

→ Since an SOP is required in applications to many colleges and universities, it’sbetter if you prepare one early on.   (由於許多大專院校都要求在申請入學時須附上讀書計畫，所以最好儘早準備。)

2. A typhoon is coming. It’s better to stay home.
→ A typhoon is coming. It’s better if we stay home.   (颱風快來了。最好待在家裡。)

3. Mom is coming back. It’s best to clean up your messy room.
→ Mom is coming back. It’s best if you clean up your messy room.
   (媽媽要回來了。你最好把你凌亂的房間整理整理。)

4. allow sb to V

說明：此句型表「使某人得以做某事」或「允許某人做某事」，受詞「人」之後接不定詞(to V)當受詞補語，表示「可以做的事情或動作」。

例句

1. I believe your program will allow me to develop my skills and help me prepare for both further study and my future career.
(我相信貴校的課程將讓我發展技能，而且對我將來的深造及職業生涯都有所助益。)

2. My father doesn’t allow me to go to nightclubs. He considers those places to be dangerous.
(我爸爸不准我去夜店。他認為那些地方太危險了。)

3. No one is allowed to eat or drink in the MRT station.

  (捷運站內不可飲食。)

5. not only...but (also)...　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 不僅……而且……

說明：1. not only...but (also)...是一個對等連接詞片語，前後所連接的單字、片語、子句等的詞性及時態都必須相同。

2. 此片語前後連接不同主詞時，動詞隨著最接近者變化。

3. not only置於句首時，會形成倒裝句型“Not only + Aux/be + S + V..., but + S + (also) +V....”。

例句

1. My project had to do with helping my school set up a recycling program that not only was environmentally friendly, but also raised money for the school’s sports teams. (我的企劃和協助學校設立回收計畫有關，這項計畫不僅有助環保，而且還能幫助學校的運動校隊募款。)

2. Not only I but also Lisa is going to attend your wedding next Saturday.
(不只我還有Lisa下星期六都會出席你的婚禮。)

3. Not only does the house provide a fine view, but its price is also low.
(這間房子不但有良好的視野，而且又有便宜的價格。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Our teacher doesn’t allow us ________ cell phones in class.
(A) use                    (B) to use                  (C) used                    (D) using

(　) 2. After reading the map, Joseph finally figured out ________.
(A) where was Taipei 101 located           (B) where Taipei 101 located was
(C) where was located Taipei 101            (D) where Taipei 101 was located

(　) 3. Ben was sleepy all day long ________ he stayed up late yesterday.
(A) so                     (B) if                         (C) because               (D) whether

(　) 4. The movie is not only exciting ________ touching (感人的).
(A) but                    (B) or                         (C) and                      (D) so

(　) 5. It is becoming cloudy. It’s better ________ indoors.
(A) staying             (B) to stay                 (C) stayed                 (D) had stayed

(　) 6. The lost child cannot remember ________.
(A) where does she live                            (B) where lives she
(C) where she lives                                   (D) she lives where

(　) 7. Being a student, May is not allowed ________ a boyfriend.
(A) to have             (B) have                    (C) has                       (D) that has

(　) 8. Not only you but also I ________ going to the party tonight.
(A) are                    (B) were                    (C) is                         (D) am

(　) 9. The meeting will be held next morning. It’s better ________ the report before you leave this evening.
(A) if finish            (B) if you finish        (C) finish                   (D) that finish

(　) 10. ________ Mary fell asleep during the test ________ she got an awful grade.

(A) Because; so    (B) Because; ×          (C) Because; of         (D) Because; ,

II. 判讀題：依各題句意選出適當的從屬連接詞。

A. because

B. when

C. although

D. before

E. if

(　) 1. Harry always finishes his breakfast ________________ he goes to school.

(　) 2. Linda won first prize in the competition ________________ she had worked very hard.

(　) 3. Leo is not happy ________________ he is handsome and rich.

(　) 4. You can learn English well ________________ you practice it everyday.

(　) 5. I was taking a bath ________________ you called me last night.

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 一次只允許十個人過這座木橋。
Only ten people ________________ ________________ ________________ cross the wooden bridge at a time.

2. 這個城市幾年內就要消失了。最好盡快去拜訪這個地方。
The city is going to disappear in a few years. It’s ________________ ________________ ________________ the place as soon as possible.

3. Tanya不僅是個歌手，還是個作曲家。
________________ ________________ ________________ Tanya a singer, but she is also a composer.

4. 我不知道午餐該吃什麼。
I don’t know ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ for lunch.

5. 身為大一新生，Frank不知道圖書館在哪裡。
As a freshman in the university, Frank doesn’t know ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________.

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.5

1. Present and Past Participles as Adjectives

說明：現在分詞(V-ing)和過去分詞(Vpp)皆可當形容詞使用。現在分詞含有主動或正在進行的意味，過去分詞則表示被動或已經完成之意。

例句

1. It seemed as if Sparky was doomed to be a struggling artist.
(Sparky似乎注定要成為一位辛苦掙扎的藝術家。)

2. We talked in a low voice in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
(我們低聲交談以免吵醒正熟睡的嬰兒。)

3. Vincent left his hometown with a broken heart.
(Vincent帶著一顆破碎的心離開家鄉。)

2. can’t/couldn’t help but + V           can’t/couldn’t help + V-ing

說明：此句型表示「忍不住……，不得不……」。can’t/couldn’t help but後面接原形動詞，若只有can’t/couldn’t help則接動名詞(V-ing)。

例句

1. Sparky could not help but continue to draw. (Sparky忍不住繼續畫畫。)
→ Sparky could not help continuing to draw.

2. Hearing the funny joke, Phil couldn’t help but laugh loudly.
→ Hearing the funny joke, Phil couldn’t help laughing loudly.
   (聽到這則有趣的笑話，Phil忍不住大笑。)

3. I can’t help but cry every time when I think of my dead mother.
→ I can’t help crying every time when I think of my dead mother.
   (每當想起我已逝的母親，我忍不住哭泣。)

3. some day　(將來的)某一天            one day　(過去或將來的)某一天

說明：1. some day可合併為someday，用於未來式或情態助動詞would/should/could/might + V的句型。

2. one day可用於過去式或未來式，用於未來式時可與some day互換。

例句

1. Sparky’s kindergarten teacher once told him that he would be an artist some day/someday. (Sparky的幼稚園老師曾經告訴他有一天他將會是個藝術家。)

2. One day, Larry could no longer stand his bossy wife and left home.
(有一天，Larry再也無法忍受跋扈的妻子而離家了。)

3. Janet believes that she will become a fashion designer some day/one day.
(Janet相信有一天她能成為時裝設計師。)

4. Adj + N-ed

說明：此為複合形容詞的一種，用連字號連結形容詞和名詞，而名詞的字尾要加上ed。因看起來像過去分詞的型式，所以也被稱為「擬似分詞」。

例句

1. Sparky even taught at an art school, where he met a red-headed woman and fell in love with her. (Sparky甚至在一間藝術學校教書，在那裡他遇見了一位紅髮女子並愛上了她。)

2. An open-minded person is willing to accept different opinions.
(一個心胸開闊的人願意接納不同的意見。)

3. The kind-hearted young man helped the old lady cross the road.
(這位好心的年輕人幫助老太太過馬路。)

5. have no choice but to V

說明：此句型在but之後要接不定詞(to V)，表示「除了……之外別無選擇，不得不……」之意。

例句

1. Sparky was so desperate that he had no choice but to accept the changed name.
(Sparky如此地絕望以致於他不得不接受這個被改過的名字。)

2. Lisa had terrible toothache last night, so she had no choice but to see a dentist.
(Lisa昨晚牙齒很痛，所以她別無選擇只好去看牙醫。)

3. The elevator was out of order, so we had no choice but to walk upstairs.
(電梯故障了，所以我們不得不爬樓梯上樓。)

實力評量

I. 分詞填空：依各題句意填入適當的分詞形式。

________________ 1. The ________ (frighten) girl screamed and ran away as if she saw a ghost.

________________ 2. Mr. Black’s ________ (inspire) speech impressed all the audience.

________________ 3. The ________ (disappoint) result of the game made our teammates cry.

________________ 4. My parents’ ________ (encourage) words always help me through any difficulties.

________________ 5. The old man accidentally drank the ________ (poison) water and died.

II. 動詞填空：依各題句意填入適當的動詞形式。

________________ 1. The movie was so boring that I couldn’t help but ________ (fall) asleep.

________________ 2. We had no choice but ________ (stay) home because of the strong typhoon.

________________ 3. I couldn’t help ________ (eat) all the delicious food in front of me.

________________ 4. The girl was so beautiful that the men walking by couldn’t help ________ (look) at her.

________________ 5. To arrive at the meeting on time, Jeremy has no choice but ________ (take) a taxi.

III. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. ________ day, I took a walk in the forest and found a beautiful lake.
(A) Some                (B) One                     (C) A                         (D) Other

(　) 2. Since Andy gained ten kilograms last year, he had no choice but ________ some larger clothes to wear this summer.
(A) buy                   (B) buying                 (C) to buy                  (D) bought

(　) 3. Henry blushes every time when he sees the ________ girl.
(A) big-eyed           (B) big-eye                (C) eyed-big              (D) eye-big

(　) 4. Seeing the horrible sight, the little boy couldn’t help ________ with fear.
(A) shake                (B) to shake               (C) but shaking         (D) shaking

(　) 5. Simon forgot to turn in his ________ report, so he didn’t get any grades.
(A) written             (B) writing                (C) write                    (D) to write

IV. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 為了趕上截止期限，Al別無選擇只好整晚工作。
To meet the deadline, Al had no ________________ but ________________ ________________ all night.

2. 牛頓被掉落的蘋果打到，因而發現了地心引力。
Newton was hit by a ________________ apple and thus discovered the force of gravity.

3. 當失蹤的兒子終於被找到時，這位母親忍不住哭了。
The mother couldn’t ________________ ________________ when her missing son was finally found.

4. 我的兒子希望將來有一天可以成為偉大的科學家。
My son hopes that he will become a great scientist s________________ ________________.

5. 這位長腿模特兒在派對上吸引了許多男人的注意。

The ________________-________________ model attracted many men’s attention at the party.

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.4

1. S + wish (+ that) + S +	{	were/V-ed/Aux + V....
		had + Vpp....

說明：1. 在此句型中，wish後的that子句表示「與事實相反」的假設語氣。

2. 表達「與現在事實相反」時，that子句中的動詞要用「過去式」，be動詞則用were；而表達「與過去事實相反」時，that子句中的動詞則要用「過去完成式」。

例句

1. I always wished (that) he had just given me the money. (我總是希望他把錢給我就好。)

2. Nicole wishes (that) she were accepted by the big company. (Nicole真希望她能被那間大公司錄用。)

3. Michael wishes (that) he had followed his teacher’s advice three years ago.
(Michael希望他三年前有聽從他老師的勸告。)

2. S + should/shouldn’t + have Vpp....

說明：在此句型中，助動詞should/shouldn’t用於強調「應該做卻沒做／不應該做卻做了」的事，後接完成式(have Vpp)，should亦可用ought to代替。

例句

1. I realize I shouldn’t have been so hard on my parents. (我領悟到我不應該對我父母如此嚴苛。)

2. Helen feels that she should have spent more time with her children.(Helen覺得她當初應該多花點時間陪孩子。)

3. Alan regrets that he shouldn’t have cheated in the exam. (Alan後悔他當初不應該考試作弊。)

3. get/grow/become/turn + Adj

說明：get、grow、become、turn為表示「變成，改變」之意的不完全不及物動詞(連綴動詞)，後面可接形容詞當主詞補語來說明主詞的狀態。

例句

1. I would leave with disappointment, getting annoyed with him. (我會失望地離開，並對他感到惱怒。)

2. Space travel becomes possible because of advanced technology. (有了先進的科技，太空旅行變得可行。

3. My father’s hair turns gray as he grows older. (隨著年紀增長，我爸爸的頭髮變白了。)

4. with + N　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　隨著……；由於……

說明：with為介系詞，接上受詞後形成介系詞片語，在句子中可作副詞用，表示「條件」，即「隨著……」，或表示「原因」，即「由於……(的狀況)而……」。其修飾的子句則通常表示「結果」。

例句

1. With the approach of summer vacation, my parents announced it was time for me to start earning my own money.(隨著暑假來臨，我父母告知我應該是自己開始賺錢的時候了。)

2. With continuous practice, I am less nervous about my speech tomorrow.
(由於不斷的練習，我對明天的演講比較不緊張了。)

3. With a bad cold, Claire has been in bed for two days. (由於嚴重的感冒，Claire已經在床上躺了兩天。)

5. far/much/a lot/even/a little (bit) + 比較級

說明：以上程度副詞可用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級，以區別比較的等級。far、much、a lot表示「非常」；even表示「更加」；a little (bit)表示「稍微」。

例句

1. I was even more shocked when I got the job!(當我得到這份工作時，我甚至更驚訝！)

2. The author’s new book is far more interesting than the last one.(這位作者的新書比上一本有趣得多。)

3. Martha is a little taller than her twin sister. (Martha比她的雙胞胎姊姊高一點。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Joe stopped playing football ________ his knee injuries (傷).
(A) by                     (B) from                    (C) with                     (D) under

(　) 2. I shouldn’t ________ fun of Alice. She hasn’t talked to me since then.
(A) be making        (B) be made              (C) had made            (D) have made

(　) 3. Jessica felt ________ better after taking the medicine.
(A) a few                (B) a little                  (C) less                      (D) more

(　) 4. Peter wishes he ________ harder when he was young.
(A) had worked      (B) has worked         (C) worked                (D) works

(　) 5. After hearing the news, Betty became ________.
(A) anger                (B) angry                   (C) angrily                 (D) more angrily

(　) 6. The little boy ________ excited when he opened the present.
(A) showed            (B) had                      (C) took                     (D) got

(　) 7. Sometimes I wish that I ________ a bird.
(A) am                    (B) was                      (C) were                    (D) had been

(　) 8. It will take us far ________ time if we go there by plane.
(A) less                   (B) little                     (C) more less             (D) more little

(　) 9. Carol thinks that she should ________ more about her son so that he wouldn’t have committed suicide.
(A) care                  (B) be cared              (C) have cared           (D) have been cared

(　) 10. ________ Keith’s help, David found his missing cat.

(A) In                   (B) Like                     (C) At                        (D) With

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Bruce wished that he has taken the opportunity to study abroad.

                                                           (A)   (B)  (C)                 (D)

(　) ____________ 2. After practicing for several months, Ron could swim much fast than he used to.

                         (A)                                  (B)  (C)         (D)

(　) ____________ 3. I’m terribly sorry. I shouldn’t be forgotten to go to your birthday party.

                       (A)                (B)   (C)   (D)

(　) ____________ 4. Jason got bore with the movie, so he left.

                       (A) (B)  (C)              (D)

(　) ____________ 5. By the coming of winter, many people began to wear sweaters and heavy jackets.

                  (A)     (B)           (C)               (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 我妹妹減肥之後變得很漂亮。
My sister b________________ ________________ after she has lost lots of weight.

2. 均衡的飲食比昂貴的藥物對你更加有幫助。
A balanced diet can be e________________ ________________ helpful for you than expensive medicine.

3. 由於朋友們的鼓勵，Debbie對自己更有信心。
________________ her friends’ encouragement, Debbie has more confidence in herself.

4. 我的鑽石戒指不見了。我真希望當初有把它放在保險箱裡。
My diamond ring is gone. I wish I ________________ ________________ it in the safe.

5. 你不應該像那樣對你媽媽大呼小叫。去向她道歉。
You ______________ ______________ ______________ at your mother like that. Go and apologize to her.