B2 Unit 6 課文重點

A student is preparing for school in the morning. She washes her face with a natural cleanser and dries her face with an 1_____ 2_____ towel. For breakfast, she eats an organic egg and some fresh fruit. This breakfast will give her the 3_____ she needs to ride her bike to school. After finishing her breakfast, she puts the chopsticks and spoon that she will need at lunch into her school bag. Then, she 4__________ all the lights in her home are off, and she starts her ride to school. What the student does is an example of LOHAS. The 5_____ “LOHAS” 6__________ “7_____ of Health and Sustainability.” In the beginning, it simply meant the marketplace for 8_____ that 9_____ on the environment, people’s health, and sustainable living. 10_____, it has become a term 11_____ a healthy and eco-friendly lifestyle. 詞源說明 1. sustain : sus-,在下，向上，-tain,持，握，詞源同contain, tenure.引申諸相關詞義。 不拘一格背單詞 1. 【諧音】三四頂 腦袋支撐不了三四頂帽子。 ->支撐、維持、供養、蒙受、遭受 2. sustain:(sus+tain握住→在下面握住→支撐) 3. sustain : [sus-(sub-)=under在……下面；tain=to hold保持，支持→“to hold from under在下面支持著”→] LOHAS helps to protect the environment. 12_____, it makes people healthier. LOHAS followers try to take care of the earth by thinking carefully about the food they eat, the things they buy, the energy they use, and so on. 13__________, they eat organic vegetables because these vegetables are not grown with agricultural 14_____ that may 15_____ the water and soil. They take the stairs 16__________ the 17_____ so that they can save more 18_____. Because of this new trend, more and more companies are now offering LOHAS goods. 19_____, people leading a LOHAS lifestyle are now thought to be cool. 詞根: tect =cover,表示"蓋上,掩護" A adj. 1 undetected 未被發現的, 未被識破的 un沒有,未+detect[v.察覺,發覺,偵察,探測]+ed……的→adj.未被發現的, 未被識破的 2 protective 給予保護的, 保護的 protect保護,保衛+ive表形容詞→adj.給予保護的, 保護的 B n. 1 detection 察覺,發覺;偵察 detect[v.察覺,發覺,偵察,探測]+ion表名詞→n.察覺,發覺;偵察 2 detective 偵探 detect[v.察覺,發覺,偵察,探測]+ive人→n.偵探 3 protection 保護,警戒 protect[v.[from]保護,保衛]+ion表名詞→n.保護,警戒 4 protector 保護者 protect保護,保衛+or人→n.保護者 5 protectory 保護者,育幼院,兒童教養院 protect[v.[from]保護,保衛]+ory場所→保護少年兒童之地 C v. 1 detect 察覺,發覺,偵察,探測 de去掉+tect蓋上,掩護→把蓋上的打開 2 protect [from]保護,保衛 pro在前面+tect蓋上,掩護→在前面掩護→保護   詞根: cult =till,表示"耕種,培養" A adj. 1 arboricultural 培植樹木的 arboriculture[[n.樹木的培植]]男→adj.培植樹木的 2 incult 沒有開墾的, 沒有耕種的, 沒有教養的 in無+cult耕種→無耕種的 3 occult 秘密的,不公開的 oc向內+cult教派→在教派內不讓別人知道 B n. 1 agriculture 農業 agri農業+culture培養,文化→引申為養殖業→農業 2 aquiculture [生物]水產養殖 aqui水+culture[n.文化,文明;修養;耕種;栽培,培育]→n.[生物]水產養殖 3 arboriculture 樹木的培植 arbori=arbor+culture[n.文化,文明;修養;耕種;栽培,培育]→n.樹木的培植 4 cult 宗派,崇拜 cult耕種,培養→培養[感情]→崇拜,引申為教派 5 cultivation 耕作,培養 cultivate[v.耕作,栽培,養殖;培養,教養,磨煉]+ion動作或狀態→n.耕作,培養 6 culture 文化,文明;修養;耕種;栽培,培育 cult耕種,培養+ure表名詞→培養出的[東西]→人類文化 7 floriculture 花藝, 栽培花卉 flori=flor花+culture[n.文化,文明;修養;耕種;栽培,培育]→n.花藝, 栽培花卉 8 pisciculture 養魚學, 養魚業 pisci魚+culture[n.文化,文明;修養;耕種;栽培,培育]→n.養魚學, 養魚業 C v. 1 cultivate 耕作,栽培,養殖;培養,教養,磨煉 cult耕種,培養+ivate表動詞→v.耕作,栽培,養殖;培養,教養,磨煉 詞根: agri =field/land, 表示"田地,農業"等 A n. 1 agriculture 農業 agri田地,農業+culture培養→n.農業 2 agrimotor 農用拖拉機 agri田地,農業+motor機動車→n.農用拖拉機 Living a LOHAS lifestyle is not difficult, and we can all become eco-friendly people by 20__________ the following suggestions. We can walk or take a bus 21__________ riding a scooter. We can reuse and 22_____ 23_____ bottles. Using both sides of paper for printing or copying is also a good idea. In addition, we can use fewer 24_____ by carrying a handkerchief with us. When shopping, we can bring our own shopping bags instead of using the paper or plastic bags from the stores. Small changes in our habits can make a big difference to the earth. So, what are you waiting for? Become a LOHAS follower—this will 25_____ not only ourselves, but also the planet that we live on.

 

[Ans.] 1. organic   2. cotton   3. energy   4. makes sure   5. term 6. stands for   7. Lifestyles   8. goods   9. focused 10. Gradually   11. describing   12. Meanwhile   13. For instance   14. chemicals   15. pollute   16. rather than   17. elevators 18. electricity   19. Moreover   20. acting on   21. instead of 22. recycle   23. plastic   24. tissues   25. benefit

 

Reading

一名學生早晨正準備上學。她用天然洗面乳清洗自己的臉，然後用有機棉毛巾把臉擦乾。她的早餐是顆有機蛋以及一些新鮮水果。這頓早餐會給予她騎腳踏車到學校所需的體力。吃完早餐後，她將午餐會用到的筷子和湯匙放進書包。接著，她確認家裡所有的燈都關了，然後騎腳踏車去上學。

1­1 ...with a natural cleaner...with...towel.
此句的兩個with都是「用……(物品、工具等)」之意。例：
‧The little girl ate the cake with a spoon.

1­2 For breakfast, she eats...fresh fruit.
→ She eats...fresh fruit for breakfast.

1­3 ...give her the energy [she needs] to ride her bike to school.
(1) ...give her the energy...    → ...give the energy to her...
(2) 關係子句she needs前面省略了關係代名詞which/that，用來修飾the energy。
(3) ...to ride her bike to school.
   第一個to為in order to之意，表示「為了做某事」；第二個to為「往某處」之意。

1­4 After finishing her breakfast, she puts [the chopsticks and spoon that she will need at lunch] into her school bag.
(1) After finishing her breakfast....   → After she finishes her breakfast....
   此處因主要子句和從屬子句的主詞都是she，故可省略從屬子句的主詞，將動詞改為現在分詞。
(2) put A into B表示「把A放進B」。例：
   ‧Harry put the milk into the refrigerator.
(3) that she will need at lunch為關係代名詞that所引導的關係子句，用來修飾先行詞the chopsticks and spoon。

1­5 ...all the lights in her home are off....
be off在此為「(電氣用品)關掉，不用」之意，若表示「(電氣用品)打開，使用中」則用be on或是be in use。例：
‧There’s no sound from the living room because the TV is off.

1­6 ride在此為名詞用法，表示「騎車」之意。例：
‧My family went for a bike ride on Sunday  afternoon.

這位學生所做的便是樂活的例子。「樂活」這個用語代表「健康及永續性的生活方式」。一開始，此用語只是意指將商品焦點放在環境、人們健康，以及永續生活的市場。逐漸地，這個用語已經變成用來形容健康和不損壞環境的生活方式。

2­1 What the student does is an example....
what為複合關係代名詞，是先行詞和關係代名詞的合體，前無先行詞，在此相當於the things that。此外，what當主詞時需視為第三人稱單數，因此後面要用單數動詞。例：
‧What Ellen said shows that she is selfish.

2­2 in the beginning = at first，表示「起先，一開始」之意。例：
‧In the beginning, I thought Danny was a kind person. Later, I found that I was wrong.

2­3 ...it has become a term describing a healthy and eco­friendly lifestyle.
(1) has become為現在完成式，表示「從過去一直持續到現在，而且可能會繼續持續下去」的動作。

(2) ...a term describing...
此句可還原為...a term which/that describes...，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。

樂活生活促進保護自然環境。同時，這種生活方式讓人們更健康。樂活實踐者藉由謹慎思考他們吃的食物、買的東西、使用的能源等等來照護地球。舉例來說，他們吃有機蔬菜是因為它們不是用會污染水源及土壤的農藥所栽種。他們走樓梯而不搭電梯以便可以省電。由於這個新興的潮流，現今越來越多的公司提供樂活商品。此外，過樂活生活方式的人現在也被認為很酷。

3­1 ...it makes people healthier.

文法一點通

make + O + OC (Adj/N) make在此為不完全及物動詞，加了受詞之後意義仍不完整，故後面須加上受詞補語(OC)補充說明，表示「使……變成……」之意，受詞補語可以是形容詞或名詞。例： ‧Ben’s jokes always make me happy. ‧Sharon’s good voice makes her a popular singer.

3­2 LOHAS followers try to take care of the earth by thinking...the food they eat, the things they buy, the energy they use....
(1) take care of為「照顧，保護」之意。

例： ‧I have learned how to grow and take care of plants.

(2) by在此為「藉由……」之意，後接動名詞。例：
‧Ella passed the exam by studying hard.

(3) they eat、they buy和they use三句皆為省略受格that的關係子句，分別修飾它們的先行詞。

3­3 They take the stairs...so that they can....
(1) take the stairs = climb the stairs，為「爬樓梯」之意；stair一字通常用複數形stairs，不用單數。例：
‧We had to take the stairs because the electricity was cut off.

(2) so that為表示「目的」的從屬連接詞，後面接子句表明與主要子句之間的因果關係，表示「為了……，以便……」之意。

3­4 Because of this new trend, more and more companies....
(1) because of為介系詞片語，後面須接名詞，而because則為從屬連接詞，後面接完整子句，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析二。
(2) more and more... + N為「越來越多的……」之意。例：
‧More and more people today enjoy working at home.

3­5 ...people leading a LOHAS lifestyle are now thought to be cool.
(1) ...people leading a LOHAS...    → ...people who lead a LOHAS...
   此為關係子句轉化成現在分詞片語的用法，詳細用法請參見本課句型解析一。

(2) be thought/considered to be...表示「被認為是……」。例：
‧Smoking is often thought to be harmful to one’s health.

實踐樂活的生活方式並不困難，我們只要遵從下列建議便都能成為愛護環境的人。我們可以走路或搭公車而不騎摩托車。我們可以重複使用及回收塑膠瓶。使用紙的雙面列印或是影印也是個好點子。除此之外，我們可以帶條手帕在身上，減少使用面紙的機會。我們購物時可以使用自己的購物袋，而不要用店家所提供的紙袋或塑膠袋。

4­1 Living a LOHAS lifestyle is not....
living a LOHAS lifestyle為動名詞當主詞，視為第三人稱單數，故動詞用is。例：
‧Making fun of your classmates doesn’t make you a popular person.

4­2 [Using both sides of paper for printing or copying] is also....
(1) using both...copying亦為動名詞當主詞的用法，後面用單數動詞is。
(2) for在此為「用來……，目的為……」之意，for printing or copying則用來修飾前面的paper。

4­3 In addition, we can use fewer tissues by carrying a handkerchief with us.
(1) in addition意為「除此之外」，亦可用besides或moreover替換。
(2) 「fewer + 可數名詞」表示「較少的……」，如果是不可數名詞，前面則要用less。例：
‧Ian buys fewer magazines now.
‧To save money, Betty spent less and less money on clothes and shoes.

(3) carry sth with sb表示「把某物帶在某人身邊」。例：
‧No matter where Rita goes, she always  carries her smartphone with her.

4­4 When shopping, we can bring our own shopping bags instead of using....
(1) When shopping, we can bring....    → When we shop, we can bring....
   由於此處主要子句和從屬子句的主詞皆為we，故可省略從屬子句的主詞，將動詞改為現在分詞。
(2) instead of表示「代替……」之意，後面須接名詞或動名詞。例：
‧My sister drank apple juice instead of milk this morning.

我們在習慣上的小小改變能對地球造成很大的影響。所以，你還在等什麼呢？變成樂活人吧—這不但有利於我們自己，也對我們所居住的星球有所助益。

5­1 Small changes in our habits can make a big difference to the earth.
(1) a change in sth為「……的改變」之意。

例：
‧There have been some changes in Tina’s attitude toward life after the accident.

(2) make a difference to...表示「對……產生重大影響」，反義詞是make no/little difference to...。此外，這個片語中間可加上big/a lot of/a great deal of等來強調影響程度很大。例：
‧I have great respect for Mr. Collins because his advice always makes a big difference to me.

5­2 Become a LOHAS follower—this will benefit not only ourselves, but also the planet that we live on.
(1) 這裡用原形動詞become表示祈使句語氣。例：
‧Stand up, please.

(2) this指的是破折號前面所提的become a LOHAS follower這件事。

(3) not only A but also B表示「不但A而且B」，且A和B的詞性應一致。例：
‧Being a supermodel depends not only on good looks but also on efforts.
‧Luke likes not only to go skiing but also to go rock climbing.

B2 Unit 6 隨堂句型手冊

Unit 6

1. N + who/which/that + V... → N + V­ing...

說明  此句型為關係子句簡化成「分詞片語」的用法。當關係代名詞為主格時，可將其省略，並將關係子句裡的動詞改為表主動的現在分詞(V­ing)；若關係子句為進行式時，則只須將關係代名詞和be動詞省略，保留現在分詞即可。

例句 1. People who lead a LOHAS lifestyle are now thought to be cool.
       → People leading a LOHAS lifestyle are now thought to be cool.
       (現在遵循樂活生活方式的人被認為是酷的。)
     2. Do you know the man who/that sits over there?
       → Do you know the man sitting over there?
       (你認識坐在那邊的那個男子嗎？)
     3. The little girl who/that is walking toward us looks cute.
       → The little girl walking toward us looks cute.
       (朝我們走來的小女孩看起來很可愛。)

練習 1. 抱怨服務的顧客要求要見店經理。
       The customer         about the service asked to see the manager.
     2. 污染河川的化學物質來自那間工廠。
       The chemicals         the river came from the factory.

2. because + S + V...
  because of + N

說明  because為從屬連接詞，引導表「原因」的從屬子句，後接一完整子句，且不可單獨成句；而because of為介系詞片語，後須接名詞或名詞片語。兩者皆可置於句首或句中，置於句首時，須加逗點隔開兩個子句。

例句 1. LOHAS followers eat organic vegetables because these vegetables are not grown with agricultural chemicals.
       (樂活族吃有機蔬菜，因為這些蔬菜不是用農藥種植的。)
      2. Because of this new trend, more and more companies are now offering LOHAS  goods.　(由於這種新的趨勢，越來越多的公司現在提供樂活商品。)
      3. The employees had to take the stairs because of the broken elevator.         (因為故障的電梯，員工們必須爬樓梯。)

練習 1. 河裡的魚因為水污染死掉了。
        The fish in the river died                 the water pollution.
     2. 我幾乎什麼都看不見，因為房間太暗了。
                the room was so dark, I could barely see anything.

 3. what = the thing(s) which/that

說明  what在此為複合關係代名詞，兼具先行詞和關係代名詞的功能，相當於「先行詞 + 關係代名詞」，表示「非特定的事物」，等同於the thing(s) which/that。

例句 1. What the student does is an example of LOHAS.
       → The things which/that the student does are an example of LOHAS.        (這位學生所做的事便是一個樂活的例子。)
     2. Cathy showed me what she bought today.
       → Cathy showed me the thing(s) which/that she bought today.
       (Cathy 向我展示她今天買的東西。)
     3. I don't think what Eric said was right.
       → I don't think the thing which/that Eric said was right.
       (我不認為Eric說的事情是對的。)

練習 1. Eric寫下了老師在課堂上說的話。
       Eric wrote down 　　 the teacher said in class.
     2. 讓Bryan擔憂的事是他的成績。
                                worries Bryan         his grades.

4. S + V + rather than + N/V....
  → S + V + instead of + N/V­ing....

說明 1 rather than和instead of均為「而不是……」或「代替……」的意思，注意 rather than後面須接原形動詞，instead of則須接現在分詞(V­ing)。
     2 instead of也可以副詞instead替代，instead表示「反而，作為替代」的意思，可置於句首或句尾；置於句首時，需以逗號與句子隔開。要注意的是，instead所接的句子表示「有去做的事情」，而instead of接的句子則意味著「沒有去做的事情」。

例句 1. LOHAS followers take the stairs rather than the elevators.
       → LOHAS followers take the stairs instead of the elevators.
       → LOHAS followers don't take the elevators. Instead, they take the stairs.        (樂活族走樓梯而不是搭電梯。)
     2. We can walk or take a bus rather than ride a scooter.
       → We can walk or take a bus instead of riding a scooter.
       (我們可以走路或是搭乘公車來以代替其摩托車。)
     3. Peter went to the library rather than hang out with his friends.
       → Peter didn't hang out with his friends. Instead, he went to the library.
       → Peter went to the library instead of hanging out with his friends.
        (Peter沒有和他的朋友玩在一起。他反而是去了圖書館。)

練習 1. 我們應該要試著修理電扇，而不是用新的取代它。
        We should try to repair the fan                 replace it with a new one.
     2. 我們應該先解決問題，而不是談論這是誰的錯。
                        talking about whose fault it is, we should solve the

        problem first.

 5. not only... but also... 不但……而且……

說明  not only... but also... 為對等連接詞，兩者後面須接同一詞類，表示「不但…… 而且……」之意。

例句 1. Becoming a LOHAS follower will benefit not only ourselves, but also the planet we live on.
       (成為樂活族不但對我們自己有益，對我們居住的星球也有益處。)
     2. Emily was not only an actress but also a director.
       (Emily不只是演員，也是導演。)
     3. The writer not only wrote the book but also designed the cover himself.
       (這位作者不只寫了書，而且還自己設計了封面。)

練習 1. 這些產品不只吸引了孩童也吸引了大人。
       The products have attract                 children                 

       adults.
     2. 這位罪犯做的事不只讓人們對他改觀，也贏得了人們的尊重。
       What the criminal did                 changed people's attitude toward him                won their respect.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(  ) 1. The man 　　 in the pool is Debbie's husband.
      (A) swims    (B) swimming (C) swam (D) to swim

(  ) 2. Anthony didn't come to school today 　　 the fever.
      (A) because (B) instead      (C) because of (D) instead of

(  ) 3. I take the MRT to school 　　 it is fast and eco­friendly.
      (A) because of     (B) because     (C) instead of  (D) instead

(  ) 4. The restaurant 　　 French food is very expensive.
      (A) offering (B) offers        (C) offer  (D) to offer

(  )5. Bella decided to spend more time with her family 　　 work part­time.
      (A) instead of      (B) rather than (C) rather (D) instead

(  ) 6. The thing 　　 depressed Brittany was her husband's sudden death.
      (A) who       (B) where        (C) what  (D) which

(  ) 7. Wendy is a very talented girl. She can play 　　 the piano 　　 the violin.
      (A) only; ×  (B) not only; but also
      (C) ×; but also     (D)only; also

(  ) 8. My dog is 　　 my pet 　　 my best friend.
      (A) not; also but  (B) only; but
      (C) only; also       (D) not only; but also

(  ) 9. We didn't stay home yesterday. 　　, we went on a picnic.
      (A) Instead  (B) Instead of        (C) Rather       (D) Rather than

(  ) 10. 　　 Alice needs now is some words of comfort.
      (A) Where   (B) That   (C) Which       (D) What

II. 改寫句子：依據提示字將以下各句改寫。

1. The boy who is wearing a green T­shirt is Ashley's cousin.
  (以分詞片語改寫)
                                                            

2. The baseball game was cancelled because there was heavy rain.
  (以because of改寫)
                                                            

3. The things that Sarah bought were the ingredients of a chocolate cake.
  (以複合關係代名詞what改寫)
                                                             

4. Harry didn't go to the movies. Harry went to his friend's birthday party.
  (以Instead改寫)
                                                             

5. Exercising benefits our bodies. Exercising also benefits our minds.
  (以not only...but also...改寫)
                                                             

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 生活型態健康的人比較不容易變得憂鬱。
  People         a healthy lifestyle are less likely to         depressed.

2. 我的妹妹因為昨晚強烈的地震而感到害怕。
  My little sister was scared                 the severe earthquake last night.

3. Ian希望他的女兒會喜歡他買給她的東西。
  Ian hoped that his daughter would like         he had bought for her.

4. Samantha買了紅色的洋裝而不是粉紅色的洋裝。
  Samantha bought the red dress i                the pink one.

5. Emma不只洗了衣服，還打掃了房子。
  Emma                 did the laundry                 cleaned up the house.

Book 2 Lesson 5 Film 3

Book 2 Lesson 5 Film 2