B4 U2 Sentence Patterns

Unit 2

1. N + who/which/that + be Vpp... → N + Vpp...

說明 過去分詞片語為限定用法的關係子句簡化而來。關係子句為被動語態時，可省略關係代名詞及be動詞，只保留過去分詞(Vpp)來修飾先行詞(N)。

例句 1. I quickly discovered that I still had plenty to learn, especially regarding the informal English which/that was often used there.

→ I quickly discovered that I still had plenty to learn, especially regarding the informal English often used there.

(我很快就發現我還有很多要學，特別是關於當地常用的口語英文。)

2. The girl who/that is named Alice is my best friend.

→ The girl named Alice is my best friend.

(那個名叫Alice的女生是我最好的朋友。)

3. Ian released the rabbit which/that was caught in the trap.
→ Ian released the rabbit caught in the trap.

(Ian放走了被陷阱捉住的兔子。)

練習 1. The chocolate cake which is made by my sister is very delicious.　(改寫句子)

                                                                   

2. The cultural differences that are discussed in this book are interesting.
(改寫句子)

                                                                   

2. Tag Question

說明 1. 附加問句為附加在直述句之後的簡短問句，常用於徵詢對方的肯定或意見。

2. 附加問句的主詞須用代名詞，並與主要子句中的主詞一致。

3. 附加問句的動詞須和主要子句的動詞一致：若主要子句用一般動詞或助動詞，附加問句要用相對應的助動詞；主要子句用be動詞則附加問句也要用be動詞。

4. 肯定的主要子句搭配否定的附加問句，否定的主要子句則搭配的肯定附加問句。須注意的是，若主要子句裡有seldom、never、hardly 等含否定意味的字詞，則句意視為否定，須用肯定附加問句。

例句 1. He didn't want me to look up above him, did he?

(他應該不是要我往他頭上看，對吧？)

2. Kim is fluent in Japanese, isn't she?

(Kim的日文很流利，不是嗎？)

3. Frank traveled to Italy last summer, didn't he?

(Frank去年夏天到義大利旅行，對吧？)

練習 1. You broke your cell phone again,          ?　(完成句子)

2. Ann will come to my birthday party tomorrow,          ?　(完成句子)

3. N + who/which/that + V... → N + V­ing...

說明 1. 關係子句中的關係代名詞若為主格時，可將關係代名詞省略，並將子句中的動詞改為現在分詞(V­ing)簡化成現在分詞片語，來修飾先行詞(N)。

2. 若關係子句為進行式，則直接省略關係代名詞及be動詞，保留V­ing 即可。

例句 1. As a student who/that learned English in Taiwan, I had always been confident of my ability to speak English.

→ As a student learning English in Taiwan, I had always been confident of my ability to speak English.

(身為在臺灣學英語的學生，我對自己講英語的能力一直很有自信。)

2. I like to make friends with people who/that share the same interest as me.

→ I like to make friends with people sharing the same interest as me.

(我喜歡和跟我有同樣興趣的人交朋友。)

3. The children are happy to see a clown who/that is wearing a funny costume.

→ The children are happy to see a clown wearing a funny costume.

(小孩們很開心見到一個穿著滑稽戲服的小丑。)

練習 1. The man who is talking on the phone right now is the manager.　(改寫句子)

                                                                 

2. Timothy fell in love with the girl who sat next to him in class.　(改寫句子)

                                                                  

4. wh­ + S + V → wh­ + to V

說明 疑問詞wh­ (who(m)、what、when、where、which、how等)引導的名詞子句中，若句意為「應該……」或「可以……」，通常可簡化成名詞片語wh­ + to V。此類的名詞子句中常搭配should、can或could等助動詞。

例句 1. At first, I didn't know how I should respond.

→ At first, I didn't know how to respond.　(起初，我不知道該怎麼回答。)
2. Mike is thinking about where he could find his missing dog.

→ Mike is thinking about where to find his missing dog.

(Mike正在思考哪裡能夠找到他走失的狗。)

3. The manager will tell you what you should do when you come to work.

→ The manager will tell you what to do when you come to work.

(你來上班時，經理會告訴你該做什麼。)

練習 1. Both the dresses were beautiful, and Sophia couldn't decide which she should buy.　(改寫句子)

                                                                 

2. After his girlfriend lied to him, Gary doesn't know whom he can trust anymore.　(改寫句子)

                                                              

5. V₁­ing..., S +V₂....

說明 1. 當when、after、as soon as等表「時間」的連接詞置於句首引導副詞子句時，若副詞子句與主要子句主詞相同，可以省略連接詞及副詞子句的主詞，並將副詞子句中的主動動詞改為現在分詞，簡化成現在分詞構句。

2. 若副詞子句為否定句，改成分詞構句時，否定詞須置於分詞之前。

例句 1. When she saw my strange behavior, she then asked me, “What's wrong?”

→ Seeing my strange behavior, she then asked me, “What's wrong?”

(看見我奇怪的行為，她接著問我「發生什麼事了？」。)

2. After I arrived in New York City, I immediately gave my parents a call.

→ Arriving in New York City, I immediately gave my parents a call.

(抵達紐約市之後，我立刻打了一通電話給我的父母。)

3. As soon as Larry entered his house, he found his TV missing.

→ Entering his house, Larry found his TV missing.

(Larry一進到屋裡，就發現他的電視機不見了。)

練習 1. When Ryan was exercising in the gym, he ran into his friend Joanne.

(改寫句子)

                                                                 

2. After I realized my words had upset my mother, I apologized to her.

(改寫句子)

                                                                  

1-­1.  The chocolate cake made by my sister is very delicious.

1-­2.  The cultural differences discussed in this book are interesting.

2-­1.  didn't you

2-­2.  won't she

3-­1.  The man talking on the phone right now is the manager.

3­-2.  Timothy fell in love with the girl sitting next to him in class.

4­-1.  Both the dresses were beautiful, and Sophia couldn't decide which one to buy.

4­-2.  After his girlfriend lied to him, Gary doesn't know whom to trust anymore.

5­-1.  Exercising in the gym, Ryan ran into his friend Joanne.

5-­2.  Realizing my words had upset my mother, I apologized to her.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. 　　 prepared all the tools, my father started repairing the car.
(A) To have                  (B) Having            (C) Has                   (D) Have

( C ) 2. Nick doesn't know 　　 cheer his girlfriend up.
(A) what to                   (B) what can he     (C) how to              (D) how can he

( C ) 3. Eric seldom goes to the movies alone, 　　 he?
(A) didn't                     (B) have sat           (C) doesn't              (D) does

( C ) 4. Do you know the girl 　　 by the window?
(A) sit                           (B) have sat           (C) sitting                (D) to sitting

( C ) 5. 　　 the bad news, Bryan's face turned pale.
(A) Hearing                  (B) Hear                (C) To hearing         (D) Hears

( C ) 6. The teacher will tell you 　　 stop writing and hand in the test paper.
(A) whom do                (B) where              (C) when to             (D) when will you

( C ) 7. You haven't seen the movie, 　　 you?
(A) have                       (B) haven't            (C) don't                 (D) do

( C ) 8. The ingredients 　　 in this restaurant are fresh and of great quality.
(A) using                      (B) used                (C) use                    (D) uses

( C ) 9. The man 　　 a gray suit is our client from England.
(A) to wearing              (B) wore                (C) wear                  (D) wearing

( C ) 10. Children often 　　 by their parents have more confidence in themselves.
(A) be encouraged     (B) encourage        (C) encouraged       (D) encouraging

II. 重組句子：將以下各句重組並做適當修改。

1. ask for/worried mother/whom/The/didn't/to/know/help

                                                                     

2. in Taiwan/of good quality/are/Most products/made

                                                                    

3. the cute puppy,/Sam/Seeing/hugged/warmly/it

                                                                      

4. in/People/to leave/talking/be asked/loudly/the library/will

                                                                     

5. wouldn't/You/lie to/you?/me,/would

                                                                    

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 那個被老師懲罰的學生是Jack。
The student                   the teacher is Jack.

2. 坐在櫃檯後面的女孩是我的姊姊。
The girl                   the counter is my sister.

3. 搭上公車後，Tina向她的朋友Willy揮手說再見。
                  the bus, Tina waved goodbye to her friend Willy.

4. Betty問我要去哪裡買我在派對上所供應的美味蛋糕。
Betty asked me                            the delicious cake I served at the party.

5. 你很少抱怨你的工作，對吧？
You rarely complain about your job,                  ?

實力評量

I.

1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C　5. A

6. C　7. A　8. B　9. D　10. C

II.

1. The worried mother didn't know whom to ask for help.

2. Most products made in Taiwan are of good quality.

3. Seeing the puppy, Sam hugged it warmly.

4. People talking loudly in the library will be asked to leave.

5. You wouldn't lie to me, would you?

III.

1. punished, by

2. sitting, behind

3. Getting, on

4. where, to, buy

5. do, you

B4 U1 Sentence Patterns

Unit 1

1. ...and S + Aux/be, too. → ...and so + Aux/be + S.
...and S + Aux/be + not, either. → ...and neither + Aux/be + S.

說明 此為將too「也」或not...either「也不」的句子代換成以so或neither為首的句型。so或neither置於句首時，後面的主詞和動詞須倒裝，即先寫助動詞或be動詞再寫主詞。

例句 1. My friend Ellie is normally a polite person, and I am, too.

→ My friend Ellie is normally a polite person, and so am I.

(我的朋友Ellie通常是一個有禮貌的人，而我也是。)
2. I didn't enjoy our talk, and she didn't, either.

→ I didn't enjoy our talk, and neither did she.

(我不享受我們的談話，而她也不。)
3. I am not interested in math, and my sister isn't, either.

→ I am not interested in math, and neither is my sister.

(我對數學不感興趣，我的妹妹也沒興趣。)

練習 1. Mr. Nolan is a very hard­working man, and his employees are, too.

→                                                                

2. I haven't started packing for my trip to Japan, and my sister hasn't, either.

→                                                                

2. have no choice but + to V

說明 此句型用來表示「別無選擇只好……，不得不……」之意，but後須接不定詞(to V)。

例句 1. Finally, I had no choice but to leave her alone with her smartphone.

(最後，我別無選擇只好不打擾她和她的智慧型手機。)

2. Because of the heavy rain, we had no choice but to cancel the baseball game.

(由於這場大雨，我們不得不取消棒球賽。)

3. My mother had no choice but to throw away the meat that has turned bad.

(我母親別無選擇只好把變質的肉丟掉。)

練習 1. Helen不小心把她的咖啡打翻了，所以她不得不再買一杯。

Helen accidentally spilled her coffee, so she had no          but            

        another one.

2. Betty拒絕了Peter的電影邀約，所以他別無選擇只好自己去看電影。

Betty rejected Peter's movie invitation, so he had no          but           

          to the movies alone.

3. be + busy + V­ing/with + N

說明 busy後面接動名詞(V­ing)用來表示「忙於……(做某事)」。如果要接名詞則可用介系詞with。

例句 1. She kept using her smartphone and was busy exchanging instant messages with others.　(她不停地使用她的智慧型手機和忙著和別人交換即時訊息。)

2. Mandy is busy preparing for the badminton game next week.

(Mandy忙著為了下週的羽球比賽準備。)

3. Nancy has been busy with her history report lately.

(Nancy近來正忙著做她的歷史報告。)

練習 1. Kevin忙著清理他的書桌。

Kevin is                            his desk.

2. Woods先生最近非常忙於工作。

Mr. Woods has been very                   his work lately.

4. S + V..., which....

說明 關係代名詞which可以用來補充說明前面子句指的事情，which前要加逗點，且不可用that替代。

例句 1. When you snub someone, you ignore him or her, which often upsets that person.　(當你冷落一個人時，你忽視他或她，這常常使那個人不高興。)

2. Frank asked Nancy out on a date, which made Rachel very jealous.

(Frank邀Nancy和他約會，這使得Rachel非常忌妒。)

3. Wendy won first prize in the singing competition, which made her mother proud.　(Wendy在歌唱比賽中得了第一名，這使她母親引以為傲。)

練習 1. Gary兩分鐘就把詩背起來，讓人印象深刻。

                                                                  

2. Sally昨晚熬夜，這就為什麼她今天早上感到如此疲倦。

                                                                 

5. due to + N

說明 1. due to為介系詞片語，表示「由於……」，後面須接名詞或名詞片語，可置於句首或句中，置於句首時須加逗點隔開。

2. due to也可以用owing to、because of等介系詞片語替換。

例句 1. Due to their smartphone addiction, many people can no longer appreciate things in their actual environment.
(由於他們對智慧型手機上癮，很多人不再懂得欣賞在他們真實環境中的事物。)

2. Owing to the typhoon, all flights to Los Angeles were delayed.
(所有飛往洛杉磯的班機都由於颱風而延遲了。)

3. Mr. Frost retired early because of his poor health.

(由於健康狀況不佳，Frost先生很早就退休了。)

練習 1. 由於油價高漲，許多人偏好搭乘大眾運輸。

D                  the rise in oil prices, many people prefer to take public transportation.

2. 這個方案由於缺乏財力資助而被取消了。

The project has been cancelled o                  lack of financial support.

練習

1­1.  Mr. Nolan is a very hard­working man, and so are his employees.

1­2.  I haven't started packing for my trip to Japan, and neither has my sister.

2­1.  choice, to, buy

2­2.  choice, to, go

3­1.  busy cleaning up

3­2.  busy with

4­1.  Gary memorized the poem in two minutes, which was impressive/impressed many people.

4­2.  Sally stayed up (late) last night, which is why she felt so tired this morning.

5­1.  Due, to

5­2.  owing, to

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( C ) 1. The manager is busy 　　 a Japanese client.
(A) at                            (B) with                 (C) of                      (D) on

( C ) 2. Nick doesn't know how to fix his bike, so he had no choice but 　　 his father for help.
(A) to ask                     (B) asking              (C) asks                   (D) ask

( C ) 3. Iris has been busy 　　 her house for Halloween.
(A) decorates                (B) to decorate      (C) decorating         (D) decorate

( C ) 4. Monica can never be a good cook, and 　　 can I.
(A) so                           (B) neither             (C) too                    (D) either

( C ) 5. Karl lost 10 kilograms in two months, 　　 surprised all of his friends.
(A) that                         (B) which              (C) what                  (D) who

( C ) 6. Nancy won the tennis game 　　 her hard work.
(A) due                         (B) owe to             (C) because             (D) due to

( C ) 7. I often stay at home on weekends, and 　　 does my husband.
(A) too                          (B) so                    (C) either                 (D) neither

( C ) 8. 　　 the weak economy, the Watson couple changed their mind about buying a house.
(A) Owing to                (B) Due                 (C) Owing of          (D) because

( C ) 9. Because Jennifer caught a bad cold, she had no choice but 　　 a day off.
(A) took                        (B) take                 (C) taking                (D) to take

( C ) 10. Renee was one hour late, 　　 made her boyfriend unhappy.
(A) which                   (B) that                  (C) what                  (D) where

II. 合併句子：依據提示字將以下各句合併。

1.   Polly didn't do well on the test.

I didn't do well on the test, either.　(...and neither...)  

                                                                     

2.   Tina gave a violin performance in front of the whole school.

That made her nervous.　(..., which...)

                                                                   

3.   Cindy has been busy.

She has been writing a book about baking.

                                                                   

4.   The city has been flooded.

There was a storm.　(owing to...)

                                                                   

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. Mark是個足球迷，而我也是。
Mark is a football fan, and                           .

2. Tracy錯過了末班火車，所以她別無選擇只好搭計程車回家。
Tracy missed the last train, so she                                            

           a taxi home.

3. Melissa忙著準備她下禮拜的婚禮。
Melissa has been                   her wedding, which will be held next week.

4. Laura's最喜歡的洋裝現在對她來說太小了，她別無選擇只好把它給她妹妹。
Laura's favorite dress is now too small for her, so she                            

                           it to her younger sister.

5. 這個地區的房價正在下跌，這對計劃在這裡買房的人是好消息。
The house prices in the area are falling,          is good news for those who plan to buy a house here.

6. 由於駕駛者的粗心引發了這場意外。
The accident happened d                  the driver's carelessness.

I.

1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. B

6. D　7. B　8. A　9. D　10. A

II.

1. Polly didn't do well on the test, and neither did I.

2. Tina gave a violin performance in front of the whole school, which made her nervous.

3. Cindy has been busy writing a book about baking.

4. The city has been flooded owing to a storm.

III.

1. so, am, I

2. had, no, choice, but, to, take

3. busy, with

4. had, no, choice, but, to, give

5. which

6. due, to