句型重點解析 UNIT 6.6

1. If + S + were/V₁-ed/Aux + V₁..., S + would/could/should/might + V₂....

說明[1] 此為表示「與現在事實相反」的假設語氣句型。

[2] if所引導的條件子句中，動詞為一般動詞時，要使用過去簡單式；若為be動詞時，無論人稱主詞為何，都使用were。主要子句則用過去式助動詞後再接原形動詞。

例句

1. If Miyazaki’s characters were just the same as the ones in most typical Hollywood animated movies, his movies would not be considered one of a kind.

  (若宮崎駿的角色和好萊塢動畫一樣，他的電影就不會有與眾不同之處。)

2. If I had a son, I would teach him how to play baseball. (如果我有兒子的話，我會教他打棒球。)

3. If you could finish your work on time, we might be able to eat out.

 (如果你能夠準時完成工作，我們也許就能夠去外面吃。)

2. If + S + had (not) Vpp..., S + would/could/should/might (not) + have Vpp....

說明[1] 此為表示「與過去事實相反」的假設語氣句型。

[2] if所引導的條件子句中，動詞用過去完成式，主要子句則需要用過去式助動詞後再接完成式。

例句

1. If it had not been for his unusual childhood circumstances, Miyazaki might never have gone into the animation industry. (要不是他不平凡的童年境遇，宮崎駿也許就不會從事動畫產業了。)

2. If Marco had answered the last question faster, he could have won the prize.

 (假如Marco當時快一點回答最後一題的話，他就能贏得獎金了。)

3. If Larry had kept his promises, he might not have broken up with his girlfriend.

  (假如Larry當初有遵守自己的承諾，他也許就不會和女友分手了。)

3. when it comes to + N/V-ing       談到……

說明[1] 此為表示「談到……」之意，於新段落中用來提及、討論某特定主題。

[2] 此片語的to為介系詞，後須接名詞或是動名詞。

例句

1. When it comes to the elements found in Miyazaki’s movies, most of people probably don’t know that many of these elements can actually be traced back to his childhood.

 (談到宮崎駿電影作品中的元素，或許多數不知這些元素其實有很多都可追溯自他的童年。)

2. When it comes to painting, Lisa is the best artist I have ever known.

(談到繪畫，Lisa是我所知最優秀的藝術家。)

3. When it comes to playing online games, the little boy is very happy.

 (談到玩線上遊戲時，這小男孩相當高興。)

4. either A or B      不是A就是B                    neither A nor B      既非A也非B

說明[1] 此為對等連接詞的用法，either A or B 表示「不是A就是B」；而neither A nor B 表示「既非A也非B」，帶有否定意思，不需要加否定詞。

[2] 這兩個句型中的A與B必須詞性相同。 either A or B 或neither A nor B 放在句子主詞的位置並為直述句時，後面動詞單複數須與B一致。

例句

1. The characters in Miyazaki’s animated movies are usually neither completely good nor completely wicked, which is very true to life.

 (宮崎駿動畫裡的角色通常既非絕對善良也非全然邪惡，這點相當貼近現實生活。)

2. Your EasyCard is lying either on the desk or on the sofa. (你的悠遊卡不是放在書桌上就是在沙發上。)

3. Global warming is a problem that is neither easy to understand nor easy to solve in a short time.

 (全球暖化既不是容易理解也不是短時間內容易解決的問題。)

4. Neither my parents nor my sister is at home now. (我父母和我妹妹現在都不在家裡。)

5. as well as

說明[1] 此為對等連接詞的用法，用來表示「……也」之意。as well as前後的連接的詞性須一致。

[2] 意思近於not only A but also B，也可以用副詞片語as well來改寫。

例句

1. As a story progresses, villains reveal their violence and evil as well as certain positive traits.　(隨著故事發展，反派角色不僅顯露出他們的暴力與邪惡，而且也表現出某些正面的特徵。)

2. We got lost in the mountains as well as ran out of gasoline.

→ We got lost in the mountains and ran out of gasoline as well. (我們不只在山上迷路而且汽油也沒了。)

3. These handmade soaps are natural as well as eco-friendly. (這些手工肥皂不只天然而且對環境無害。)

→ These handmade soaps are not only natural but also eco-friendly.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(  ) 1.	If Judy ________ a dog, she ________ not be so lonely.
	(A) had kept; might (C) didn’t keep; may		(B) kept; may (D) kept; might
(  ) 2.	If the boy ________ lost in the forest, he ________ attacked by the wolves.
	(A) had got; might be (C) had got; might have been		(B) got; might have been (D) got; might be
(  ) 3.	Mark becomes very nervous when it comes to ________ in class.
	(A) speak	(B) speaking	(C) speaks	(D) spoke
(  ) 4.	I had ________ a credit card ________ cash with me, so I couldn’t pay for this.
	(A) either; or	(B) neither; or	(C) neither; nor	(D) either; nor
(  ) 5.	If we had the key, we ________ the box.
	(A) open	(B) could open	(C) can open	(D) can have opened
(  ) 6.	If Lydia ________ so busy yesterday, we ________ on a picnic together.
	(A) had not been; could have gone (C) was; could have gone		(B) had not been; could go (D) were; could have gone
(  ) 7.	________ tennis players, Rafael Nadal is my favorite one in the world.
	(A) If it came to (C) When it came to		(B) When it comes to (D) If it comes to
(  ) 8.	When you visit the farm, you can ________ as well as ________.
	(A) feed the goats; milking the cows (C) fed the goats; milking the cows		(B) feed the goats; milk the cows (D) fed the goats; milked the cows
(  ) 9.	________ Dan ________ you have a chance to win first prize in this contest.
	(A) Either; and	(B) Neither; but	(C) Either; or	(D) Neither; or
(  ) 10.	Mr. King is my teacher ________ my good friend.
	(A) as well	(B) either or	(C) neither nor	(D) as well as

II. 配合題：從下列中選出最適當的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...as well as write.                             (B) ...she would not chat with him. (C) ...Skype is one of the most popular software in the world. (D) ...the 2010 version might never have been recorded.  (E) ...she is happy with her life.

_____1. Although Sandy is neither pretty nor smart, ...

_____2. To our surprise, the three-year-old girl can read...

_____3. If Wendy disliked the guy, ...

_____4. When it comes to online communication, ...

_____5. If Michael Jackson hadn’t written the song “We Are the World,”...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 假如我的父母當時沒有持續地鼓勵我，我就無法克服這麼多的困難。

If my parents had ________________________ ________________________ encouraging me, I ________________________ ________________________ have overcome so many difficulties.

2. 在談到表達(express)自己的想法時，臺灣人比日本人更自由。

_____________________ _____________________ ______________________ ______________________ ________________________ themselves, the Taiwanese are much freer than the Japanese.

3. 假如地球上沒有水，沒有生物能夠存活下去。

________________________ there ________________________ no water on Earth, no living things ________________________ survive.

4. 騎腳踏車是一種交通方式也是一種運動。

Riding a bicycle is a means of transportation ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ exercise.

5. 你可以利用手機或是電子郵件傳遞訊息。

You can send the text message _____________________ by cell phone _____________________ by e-mail.

句型重點解析 UNIT 6.5

1. ...N, who(m)/which/whose...,

說明[1] 此為關係子句「非限定用法」的句型，主要用於補充說明先行詞，或稱補述用法。

[2] 前方被修飾的先行詞(N)後必須加上逗號，who/whom/which/whose等關係代名詞不可用that來代替。

例句

1. Look...look at my hands, which have been destroyed by working these years in the mines!

  (看看我的雙手，這些年在礦坑工作已經把它們都摧毀了！)

2. Helen Keller, who never gave up herself, finally became a great educator.

  (海倫凱勒她從不放棄自己，最後成為偉大的教育家。)

3. Rita greeted Doris, whom she came across in the MRT station this morning.

 (Rita今天早上在捷運站遇到Doris，跟她打招呼。)

2. ...N, all/many/some/part(s)... + of + which/whom...,

說明[1] 此為一般非限定關係子句用法的延伸，主要用於補充說明先行詞中的一部分，表示「其中……的」之意。

[2] of置於關係代名詞前，並在of前放入修飾先行詞的不定代名詞all、both、each、many、most、neither、none及several等，或是名詞part。

例句

1. The loser would work in the mines to earn money, all of which would be used to cover his brother’s studies.

 (輸的人將在礦坑工作賺錢，而所賺全數的錢將用來支付他兄弟的學業。)

2. The police have caught a gang of robbers, some of whom are just teenagers.

  (警察抓了一批搶匪，其中一些還只是青少年。)

3. The old man has three sons and two daughters, none of whom is willing to live with him.

  (這個老人有三個兒子兩個女兒，沒有一個人願意跟他一起住。)

3. despite +  N/V-ing       儘管……，雖然……

           the fact that...

說明[1] 此為介系詞despite的用法，後面接名詞(N)、名詞子句或動名詞(V-ing)。

[2] 若要加上子句時，可用despite the fact that引導子句。

[3] 類似用法：in spite of + N/V-ing = although/though + S + V...

例句

1. Despite the difficult living conditions, two of the children in this family, Albrecht and Albert Dürer, had a dream of pursuing their love of art. (儘管家境窮困，杜勒家中的其中兩個小孩Albrecht和Albert都有個夢想，那就是追求他們對藝術的熱愛。)

2. Despite/In spite of sending out hundreds of job applications, Tina is still out of work now.

  (儘管Tina寄出上百封的求職信，她目前仍在失業中。)

3. Despite the high price, the tickets for the concert were sold out in 2 hours.

→ Despite the fact that/Although/Though the price was very high, the tickets for the concert were sold out in 2 hours.   (儘管演場會的票價很貴，兩個小時就賣完了。)

4. S₁ + V₁..., while + S₂ + V₂....

說明[1] 此為從屬連接詞while的用法，用以表示「對比」，為「然而、但是」之意。while所引導的從屬子句可以放在句首、句中及句末，與主要子句對比。

[2] 類似用法：whereas，但比while正式。

例句

1. Albrecht went off to the art academy, while Albert went down into the dangerous mines.

　(Albrecht去藝術學院，而Albert則進入危險的礦坑。)

2. Winners seize the chance, while/whereas losers miss the opportunities.

  (贏家把握機會，然而輸家則是錯失良機。)

3. While most students go to school on time, some are late for school. (多數學生準時上學，有些則上學遲到。)

5. Next time S + V..., S + V....        下次……的時候

說明[1] 此為表示「下次……的時候」，用以引導表示「時間」的副詞子句。

[2] 類似用法：each/every time 「每次……的時候」、(the) last time 「上次……的時候」、this time 「這次……的時候」。

例句

1. Next time you see a copy of this work, take a closer look at it.

(下一次你看到這幅作品的複製品時，仔細看一下。)

2. Next time April is approaching, see if you can play a trick on your friends.

 (下一次四月來臨時，看看你是否可以戲弄一下你的朋友們。)

3. Next time you go out and get drunk, please leave your car behind and take a taxi home.
(下次你外出喝醉時，請把車留下並搭計程車回家。)

4. Each/Every time the old man sees the picture, he can’t help but cry aloud.

 (每次老人看到那照片時，他忍不住放聲大哭。)

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(  ) 1.	Some people are for this project, ________ others are against it.
	(A) whom	(B) what	(C) while	(D) where
(  ) 2.	Next time Jack and Sam ________ a fight, try to stop them.
	(A) had	(B) have	(C) having	(D) have had
(  ) 3.	Fred went jogging in the park ________ it was raining heavily.
	(A) despite	(B) although	(C) in spite of	(D) despite the fact
(  ) 4.	Sammy loves the handsome actor ________ performance in the movie is very impressive.
	(A) , which	(B) , who	(C) , whom	(D) , whose
(  ) 5.	Edison invented lot of things, ________ have changed our lives.
	(A) which	(B) whom	(C) some of which	(D) some of whom
(  ) 6.	________ the rude customer shows up, just call me at once.
	(A) Despite	(B) Instead	(C) Upon	(D) Next time
(  ) 7.	Matthew loves playing poker ________ his sister loves reading.
	(A) , which	(B) which	(C) while	(D) , while
(  ) 8.	Elisa ________ we talked to last night, plans to travel in Turkey this summer.
	(A) , who	(B) who	(C) , whom	(D) whom
(  ) 9.	Dr. Winston’s new book attracts many readers, ________ are teenage girls.
	(A) most of whom	(B) which	(C) whom	(D) most of which
(  ) 10.	The professional singer gave an excellent performance ________ her sore throat.
	(A) although		(B) in spite of
	(C) despite the fact that		(D) though

II. 配合題：從以下框中選出最適合的答案，以完成句子。

(A) ...you should go to hot springs. (B) ...they went on their trip as planned. (C) ...while the Ghost Festival is still a serious occasion. (D) ...many of which are available in night markets. (E) ...which she dropped into the river carelessly.

_____1. Halloween has become a time of fun, ...

_____2. We helped the girl get back her doll, ...

_____3. Next time you visit Japan, ...

_____4. Taiwan is famous for its various snacks, ...

_____5. Despite the bad weather, ...

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 看看那些粉絲，在他們的偶像抵達機場時，全部都奔向他去。

Look at those fans, __________________ __________________ __________________ are running to their idol while he arrived at the airport.

2. 送酒作為禮物對於回教徒是冒犯的，他們是不能喝酒。

Giving wine as a gift is offensive to Muslims, __________________ don’t drink alcohol.

3. Amy放學後直接回家，然而Ivy去圖書館。

__________________ Amy went home directly after school, Ivy __________________ to the library.

4. 下次你來臺灣時，別忘了要在夜市試試臭豆腐。

Don’t forget to try stinky tofu in night markets __________________ __________________ you come to visit Taiwan.

5. 無視於警告標示，那些小孩子們仍到河裡去游泳。

__________________ the warning sign, those children still swam in the river.