克非 Unit 7

1. If + S + V..., S + Aux + V....

說明：此句型的意思為「如果……，那麼……」，if為表「條件」的從屬連接詞，句型中的主要子句為表示「現在或未來可能發生」的直說語氣，屬於真實條件句。在表示直說語氣時，if所引導的從屬子句須使用「現在簡單式」，而其主要子句則用助動詞 (will、can、may、should等) 加上原形動詞。

例句

1. If you live in Kaohsiung, you may already know about the Liuhe Night Market.

  (如果你住在高雄，你或許早已知道六合夜市了。)

2. If Kelly doesn’t show up at five, we should start off without her.

  (如果Kelly五點沒有出現，我們應該出發不等她了。)

3. If you continue making noise, you will be asked to leave the library.

  (如果你繼續製造噪音，你將會被要求離開圖書館。)

(　) 2. If you ________ to me, I will be very angry.

            (A) lie                    (B) lied                     (C) will lie             (D) were lying

(　) 4. If I ________ a one-week vacation, I ________ Seattle again.

            (A) have; will visit                                 (B) have; visit

            (C) had; visited                                      (D) will have; will visit

4. 如果你需要幫助，你可以打電話給我們。

_______________ you _______________ help, you _______________ _______________ us.

1. If + S + were/V₁-ed/Aux + V₁..., S + would/could/should/might + V₂....

說明[1] 此為表示「與現在事實相反」的假設語氣句型。

[2] if所引導的條件子句中，動詞為一般動詞時，要使用過去簡單式；若為be動詞時，無論人稱主詞為何，都使用were。主要子句則用過去式助動詞後再接原形動詞。

例句

1. If Miyazaki’s characters were just the same as the ones in most typical Hollywood animated movies, his movies would not be considered one of a kind.

  (若宮崎駿的角色和好萊塢動畫一樣，他的電影就不會有與眾不同之處。)

2. If I had a son, I would teach him how to play baseball. (如果我有兒子的話，我會教他打棒球。)

3. If you could finish your work on time, we might be able to eat out.

 (如果你能夠準時完成工作，我們也許就能夠去外面吃。)

2. If + S + had (not) Vpp..., S + would/could/should/might (not) + have Vpp....

說明[1] 此為表示「與過去事實相反」的假設語氣句型。

[2] if所引導的條件子句中，動詞用過去完成式，主要子句則需要用過去式助動詞後再接完成式。

例句

1. If it had not been for his unusual childhood circumstances, Miyazaki might never have gone into the animation industry. (要不是他不平凡的童年境遇，宮崎駿也許就不會從事動畫產業了。)

2. If Marco had answered the last question faster, he could have won the prize.

 (假如Marco當時快一點回答最後一題的話，他就能贏得獎金了。)

3. If Larry had kept his promises, he might not have broken up with his girlfriend.

  (假如Larry當初有遵守自己的承諾，他也許就不會和女友分手了。)

2. S (+ Aux) + be + Vpp....

說明：此句型為被動語態(be + Vpp)，常在「做動作的對象不清楚或不重要」的情況下使用，將受詞(即接受動作的對象)變為主詞，而形成「被動」。

例句

1. The people are called the Amish.  (這些人被稱為阿米許人。)

2. For thousands of years, the tradition has been followed.  (數千年來，這個傳統一直被遵循著。)

3. Dave doesn’t like to be bothered at night.  (Dave晚上不喜歡被打擾。)

(　) 7. The church ________ two hundred years ago.

            (A) was built         (B) builds                 (C) built                 (D) was building

5. 在現代世界中，搭乘馬車被認為是獨特的。

In the modern world, riding a carriage _________________ t_________________ to be unique.

3. To V₁/V₁-ing... (+ Aux) + be/V₂....

說明：1. 不定詞片語或動名詞都可以當句子的主詞，須視為第三人稱單數，接單數動詞。

2. 作主詞時，若不定詞片語過長，常會以虛主詞it替代，並將真主詞置於句子的後半部，避免整個句子頭重腳輕。其句型為“It (+ Aux) + be/V₂... to V₁....”。

例句

1. To arrive/Arriving at an airport where no one is waiting for you is one of the  loneliest things in the world.  (到達沒有人等待你的機場是世界上最寂寞的事情之一。)

2. To say/Saying is one thing, but to do/doing is another.  (說是一回事，做又是另一回事。)

3. To give/Giving a speech in public makes Brian nervous.

  → It makes Brian nervous to give a speech in public.   (公開演講讓Brian覺得緊張。)

(　) 3. Shopping on the Internet ________ popular these days.

            (A) become           (B) becomes             (C) to become       (D) becoming

(　) 9. ________ to the movies on weekends is my hobby.

            (A) Go                   (B) To go                  (C) Be going         (D) To going