B1U5 GRAMMAR

IV. Grammar

1  授與動詞：S + Vt + IO + DO → S + Vt + DO + Prep + IO

→ 1. 授與動詞是及物動詞(Vt)的一種，後方必須加上兩個受詞，句子的意思才能完整。其中一個受詞是授與的事物，為直接受詞(DO)，另一個則是授與的對象，為間接受詞(IO)。

2. 授與動詞後方可先加間接受詞，再加上直接受詞。但若授與動詞後方先加上直接受詞時，必須於其後加上介系詞(Prep)，例如to或for等，再加上間接受詞。

3. 常見的授與動詞和其搭配的介系詞如下：

(1) bring/give/lend/sell/send/show/teach/tell + DO + to + IO

(2) buy/get/make + DO + for + IO

例：I lend Amanda some books.

→ I lend some books to Amanda.

我借一些書給Amanda。

My mother bought my sister a new sweater.

→ My mother bought a new sweater for my sister.

我媽媽買給我妹妹一件新毛衣。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。

1. Ethan幫他的小嬰兒買了一些玩具。

Ethan __bought__ some toys __for__ his baby.

2. Vanessa從日本寄了封信給我。

Vanessa __sent__ __me__ a letter from Japan.

2  對等連接詞：not only…but (also)…

→ 這裡介紹對等連接詞not only...but (also)...的用法。not only和but also後方必須接上詞性相同的字詞或子句，表示「不僅……還……」或「不但……而且……」之意，其中also可被省略。除此之外，若not only和but also連接的是兩個主詞時，接在後面的動詞必須與靠近的主詞一致。

例：Kevin not only plays basketball well but also has a good voice.

Kevin不但籃球打得好，而且還有副好歌喉。

Not only you but also Tracy has to come to the meeting tonight.

不僅你，還有Tracy，都必須來參加今天晚上的會議。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。

1. 這位作者不但寫了書，而且還自己設計了封面。

The writer __not__ __only__ wrote the book __but__ __also__ designed the cover himself.

2. 這些產品不但吸引了青少年，也吸引了上班族。

These products have attracted __not__ __only__ teenagers __but__ __also__ salarymen.

3  go + V-ing

→ 動詞go後方加上動名詞(V­ing)時，意思為「去做……」。

例：Shelly went shopping in the new mall last weekend.

Shelly上週末去新的購物中心血拼。

Anthony plans to go skiing in Karuizawa this winter.

Anthony計畫今年冬天去輕井澤滑雪。

練習：根據句型及提示字完成句子。

1. My parents usually go __hiking__ (hike) in their free time.

2. The employee saves money to go __sightseeing__ (sightsee) in Finland.

4  in fact

→ in fact表示「其實，事實上」，可置於句首、句中或句尾。其它類似意思的字詞有actually、in truth、as a matter of fact等。

例：In fact, dogs now are great helpers to many people.

事實上，狗現在是許多人的優秀幫手。

Kelly may seem quiet, but in fact she is very talkative.

Kelly也許看起來很安靜，但事實上她很健談。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。

1. 事實上，颱風不會來。

__In__ __fact__, the typhoon is not coming.

2. Charlie說James是他最好的朋友，但事實上，James常說Charlie的壞話。

Charlie says that James is his best friend, but __in__ __fact__, James often speaks ill of Charlie.

5  something/anything/nothing + Adj

→ 修飾名詞時，通常會把形容詞加在欲修飾的名詞前方。但有些特殊結構的名詞，如something、anything、nothing等，欲修飾時，須將形容詞置於這些名詞的後方，這種用法稱為後位修飾。

例：There is nothing special in this restaurant.

這間餐廳沒什麼特別的東西。

Sally felt something unusual between her boyfriend and her.

Sally感覺到她和她男友間有點不尋常。

練習：圈出正確的答案。

1. My teacher didn’t find (wrong anything/anything wrong) in my report.

2. Vivian wants to prepare (something interesting/interesting something) at the party.

Try it!

選出正確的答案。

(  B  ) 1. Not only I but also my brother ________ studying in this school.

(A) are    (B) is    (C) am    (D) be

(  D  ) 2. Alex said that he left his homework home, but ________, he hasn’t finished it.

(A) interestingly    (B) in addition    (C) luckily    (D) in fact

(  D  ) 3. Daisy’s uncle sent a letter ________ her.

(A) for    (B) as    (C) at    (D) to

(  A  ) 4. The room is not only clean but also ________.

(A) bright    (B) brightly    (C) brighten    (D) be bright

(  D  ) 5. Sam found ________ in math, so he studied it happily.

(A) fun something    (B) nothing fun    (C) fun nothing    (D) something fun

(  B  ) 6. Melody usually goes ________ during the summer vacation.

(A) travels    (B) traveling    (C) travel    (D) traveled

(  C  ) 7. Matt buys lunch ________ Betty every day.

(A) to    (B) at    (C) for    (D) as

(  C  ) 8. Jessie didn’t find ________ in the speech, so she fell asleep.

(A) new something    (B) new anything    (C) anything new    (D) nothing new

(  A  ) 9. Ray likes to go ________ on weekends.

(A) surfing    (B) surfed    (C) surfs    (D) surf

(  C  ) 10. The sky is becoming dark. ________, it is going to rain.

(A) Luckily    (B) On the contrary    (C) In fact    (D) Surprisingly