Unit 3
1. Noun Clauses as Subjects or Objects
說明 1. 名詞子句可在句子中作主詞(subject)或受詞(object)，視為單數。可引導名詞子句的連接詞有that及wh疑問詞(who、why、where、what、when、how、whether)等。
2. 由that所引導的名詞子句作受詞時常省略that，作主詞時則that不可省略。
例句 1. Moreover, how the stories progress
is also always full of surprises.
(此外，故事的發展也總是充滿驚奇。)
2. Peter didn't know why
his sister suddenly started laughing.
(Peter不知道為什麼他妹妹突然笑了。)
3. Cindy realized (that)
her bicycle has been stolen.
(Cindy發現她的腳踏車被偷了。)
練習 1. the marathon/came in
first/heard/I/just/in/that Tracy
I
just heard that Tracy came in first in the marathon.
2. has done/What/the guilty man/unforgivable/is
What
the guilty man has done is unforgivable.
2. can't help + Ving
but + V
說明 此句型表示「忍不住……，不得不……」。can't help but後面接原形動詞，若只有can't help則接動名詞(Ving)。
例句 1. As the movies proceed, audiences can't
help laughing and crying, and then grow with these characters.
(隨著電影情節發展，觀眾忍不住歡笑和淚水，並且和這些角色一起成長。)
2. I couldn't help but
cry after watching the sad movie.
(看完了傷心的電影，我忍不住哭了出來。)
3. Emma couldn't help but scream
when she saw the cockroach in her room. (Emma在她房間看見蟑螂時，她忍不住尖叫了。)
練習 1. Joanne聽到笑話時忍不住笑了出來。
Joanne couldn't
help laughing when she heard the joke.
2. Harry忍不住把美味的冰淇淋蛋糕吃完了。
Harry can't/couldn't help but eat up the delicious ice cream cake.
3. N + who/which/that + be Vpp... → N + Vpp...
說明 過去分詞片語為限定用法的關係子句簡化而來。關係子句為被動語態時，可省略關係代名詞及be動詞，只保留過去分詞(Vpp)來修飾先行詞(N)。
例句 1. The challenges and difficulties which are faced by these characters
in the stories actually reflect real life.
→ The challenges and
difficulties faced by these characters in the stories actually
reflect real life.
(這些角色面對的挑戰及困境其實反映了真實人生。)
2. The vase that was broken by the customer
costs 8,000 NT dollars.
→
The vase broken by the customer costs 8,000 NT dollars.
(那位客人打破的花瓶要價新台幣8,000元。)
3. The people who were hurt in the accident were sent to the
hospital immediately.
→
The people hurt in the accident were sent to the hospital
immediately.
(這場意外中受傷的人們立刻被送往醫院。)
練習 1. The blueberry pie which
was made by my best friend is delicious. (改寫句子)
The
blueberry pie made by my best friend is delicious.
2. The actor who was followed by the paparazzi became furious. (改寫句子)
The actor followed by the paparazzi became furious.
4. wh + S + V → wh + to V
說明 疑問詞wh (whom、what、when、where、which、how)引導的名詞子句中， 若句意為「應該……」或「可以……」，通常可簡化成名詞片語(wh + to V)。此類的名詞子句中常搭配should、can或could等助動詞。
例句 1. His experiences teach people how they
can handle and overcome the difficult times.
→ His experiences teach
people how to handle and overcome the difficult times.
(他的經驗教導人們如何應付和克服難關。)
2. Whenever I have
doubts, I ask my mother what I should do.
→ Whenever I have doubts, I
ask my mother what to do.
(每當我有疑慮的時候，我都問我母親我該怎麼做。)
3. The chef will tell you
when you should turn off the heat.
→ The chef will tell you when
to turn off the heat.
(主廚會告訴你什麼時候關火。)
練習 1. Vicky doesn't know
where she can buy the ingredients for the cookie.
(改寫句子)
→ Vicky
doesn't know where to buy the ingredients for the cookie.
2. The video shows
people how they can put on scary makeup for Halloween.
(改寫句子)
→ The
video shows people how to put on scary makeup for Halloween.
5. consider A (to be) B
說明 consider A (to be) B表示「把……視為……」之意。consider亦可用think of代換，用think of時則不用to be，寫作think of A as B。
例句 1. Although children are usually considered
to be the target audience for animated films, Pixar movies are not meant
for kids only.
(雖然小孩常常被視為動畫片的目標觀眾，皮克斯電影不只適合小孩。)
2. The evil queen considers herself (to
be) the most beautiful woman in the world.
(邪惡的皇后視自己為世界上最美麗的女人。)
3. The students consider
the activity fun and successful.
→
The students think of the activity as fun and successful.
(這個活動被學生認為是有趣又成功的。)
練習 1. 公司裡很多員工都認為Mark是個傑出的經理。
Many workers in the company consider Mark
to be excellent manager.
2. Mandy認為新同學有自信又外向。
Mandy
thinks/thought of the
new student as confident and outgoing.
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