句型重點解析 UNIT 1.8

1. S + Vt + O + by + N/V-ing....

說明：1. 此句型為S + Vt + O的衍生用法，即在S + Vt + O之後加上by所引導的介系詞片語，以作為補充說明之用。

2. by + N/V-ing表示「藉由……，透過……」。

例句

1. Igbo people in Nigeria welcome the new year by clapping their hands.

  (奈及利亞的伊格博人藉由拍手來迎接新年。)

2. We finally reached Finland by taking a ship.  (我們最後藉由搭船的方式抵達了芬蘭。)

3. Please tell the assistant to send the package by express.  (請告訴助理以快遞寄送這個包裹。)

2. It + be + Adj (+ for someone) + to V....

說明：此句型中的it為虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞to V...。而for someone通常置於句中，且在to V之前；但也可依需要放在句首，或者被省略。

例句

1. It is important for the Japanese to wake up early to see the first sunrise of the year.

  (對日本人來說，早起看一年的第一個日出是很重要的。)

2. It is common for me to have dinner after 8 p.m.  (對我來說，在八點以後吃晚餐是稀鬆平常的事。)

3. For drivers, it is very dangerous to exceed the speed limit.  (對駕駛人來說，超速是非常危險的。)

3. ...as + Adj/Adv + as...

說明：1. 此句型表示「和……一樣……」之意，為以形容詞 (Adj) 或副詞 (Adv) 原級來表示兩者在某方面相等的比較。第一個as 是副詞，用來修飾後面的形容詞或副詞，第二個as 是連接詞，引導副詞子句。

2. 當主要子句的動詞為be動詞或連綴動詞時，須接形容詞原級；若為一般動詞時，則接副詞原級。

3. 第二個as所引導的子句與主要子句重覆的部分可以省略。

例句

1. In Russia, New Year’s Eve is as important as Christmas in the United States.

  (在俄羅斯，除夕和美國的聖誕節一樣重要。)

2. Gabriel speaks English as well as Ted (does).  (Jimmy英文說得和Ted一樣好。)

3. Zack sounded as cold as ice is.  (Zack 的聲音變得和冰一樣冷。)

4. as a way of + V-ing...   作為…的方式

說明：a way of加上V-ing表示「……的方法或方式」，前面加上介系詞as，有「當作」之意，所以整個片語的意思為「作為……的方式」。

例句

1. The Japanese eat buckwheat noodles as a way of sending away the old year.

  (日本人以吃蕎麥麵的方式送走舊的一年。)

2. Frank sends e-mails as a way of keeping in touch with his friends in Canada.

  (Frank以寄電子郵件作為和他在加拿大的友人保持聯絡的方式。)

3. They set a large playground as a way of attracting kids.

  (他們設置一個大型的遊樂區作為吸引孩童的方式。)

5. sb + spend + 時間／金錢

說明：1. spend的主詞必須為「人」，後接「時間」表示「度過、消磨或花費(時間)」；若接「金錢」則表示「花費(錢)」。

2. 若要表示花時間或錢「在某事物上」，介系詞用on，即sb + spend + 時間／金錢 + on + N；若要表示「做某事」，後面動詞須改為動名詞(V-ing)，即sb + spend + 時間／金錢 + V-ing。

例句

1. Most Japanese adults spend a quiet day at home on New Year’s Day.

  (大部分的日本成年人在元旦時會在家度過安靜的一天。)

2. Irene often spends lots of money on clothes and cosmetics.  (Irene通常花很多錢在衣服和化妝品上。)

3. Barbara has spent two weeks reading that novel.  (Barbara已經花了兩個禮拜閱讀那本小說。)

實力評量

I. 判讀題：依各題句意選出適當的介系詞。

A. as                   B. by                     C. for                  D. of                   E. on

(　) 1. Stella usually goes to work ________ train.

(　) 2. I think it’s very difficult ________ Andy to get up before 6 a.m.

(　) 3. It is good ________ you to exercise every day.

(　) 4. Roy is ________ heavy as Hank.

(　) 5. Spending two thousand dollars ________ that umbrella sounds crazy.

(　) 6. It’s impossible to make your dream come true just ________ thinking about it.

(　) 7. Tilla gave me a homemade cake ________ a way of welcoming me.

(　) 8. Jeremy spent four days ________ his final report.

(　) 9. Owen has his own special way ________ dealing with problems.

(　) 10. Kelly sings ________ beautifully as her mother.

II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith spent two days ________ up their house.

            (A) clean               (B) cleaned               (C) to clean           (D) cleaning

(　) 2. It is common for me ________ a glass of water after I get up.

            (A) drink               (B) drinking             (C) to drink           (D) by drinking

(　) 3. I have won Mrs. Sinise’s trust ________ for her all these years.

            (A) in work           (B) with working     (C) to work           (D) by working

(　) 4. Should I send this letter ________ airmail?

            (A) by                    (B) with                    (C) in                     (D) on

(　) 5. Paul has become as ________ as his father.

            (A) strongly           (B) stronger              (C) strong              (D) strongest

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 對我來說，造訪一直夢想要去的地方是美好的。

__________________ me, __________________ w__________________ __________________ v__________________ the place that I have always dreamed of going to.

2. Bennett先生以在馬戲團裡擔任魔術師維生。

Mr. Bennett earns his living __________________ __________________ a magician in a circus.

3. 我的腳踏車和Fred的一樣貴。

My bike is __________________ __________________ __________________ Fred’s.

4. 你打算在哪裡度過你的暑假？

Where do you plan to ________________ ________________ ________________ v_______________?

5. 對那些小孩子來說，聽懂這個故事是容易的嗎？

Was _________________ _________________ _________________ those kids to understand this story?

句型重點解析 UNIT 1.7

1. S + Vt + IO + DO → S + Vt + DO + Prep + IO

說明：1. 此句型裡的動詞為「授與動詞」，是及物動詞的一種。授與動詞有兩個受詞(O)：一個是給予的物，為直接受詞(DO)；另一個則是給予的對象，稱作間接受詞(IO)。

2. 授與動詞後方可先加間接受詞，再加上直接受詞。但是，若授與動詞後方欲先加上直接受詞，則須於其後加上介系詞(Prep)，例如to或for等，再加上間接受詞。

3. 常見的授與動詞和其搭配的介系詞如下：

(1) bring/give/lend/sell/send/show/teach/tell/... + DO + to + IO

(2) bring/buy/get/make... + DO + for + IO

4. 如果直接受詞是代名詞，如it或them時，必須以代名詞加上介系詞後，再加間接受詞的方式呈現。

例句

1. Prometheus gave humans many gifts.

  → Prometheus gave many gifts to humans.  (普羅米修斯給了人們許多禮物。)

2. Lily bought her boyfriend a new cell phone. → Lily bought a new cell phone for her boyfriend.

     (Lily買了一支新手機給她的男朋友。)

3. I have to bring this to my mother.  (我必須要帶這東西給我媽媽。)

2. wh- + S + V → wh- + to V

說明：1. 疑問詞引導的名詞子句中，若其主詞與主要子句的主詞相同時，可簡化成「名詞片語」，即疑問詞(wh-)加上to V。

2. 在此類的名詞子句中通常有should、can或could等助動詞，用以表示「應該」或「可以」等。

例句

1. Prometheus taught humans how they could build houses.

  → Prometheus taught humans how to build houses.  (普羅米修斯教導人類可以如何建造房子。)

2. Elsa didn’t know what she should eat for lunch.

  → Elsa didn’t know what to eat for lunch.  (Elsa不知道午餐應該吃什麼。)

3. The kid isn’t sure which way he should go.

  → The kid isn’t sure which way to go.  (這孩子不確定該往哪個方向走。)

3. make A from B   用 B 做成 A

說明：此片語中的make表示「製作」之意，常以被動語態表示。介系詞用from通常表示無法從A的外觀得知其製作原料為B；若可以從A的外觀判斷其製作原料，則介系詞通常用of，為make A of B。

例句

1. Prometheus made humans from mud and river water.  (普羅米修斯用泥土和河水製造了人類。)

2. Paper is generally made from wood.  (紙通常是由木頭製成的。)

3. These desks and chairs are made of oak.  (這些桌椅是由橡木做成的。)

4. in addition   除此之外

說明：in addition表「除此之外」，用於增補資訊至前面已提過的內容。如果後面欲接上名詞，表示「除了……之外」，則必須先加上介系詞to再加受詞，即in addition to + O。

例句

1. In addition, Prometheus also taught humans how to care for the sick.

  (除此之外，普羅米修斯也教導人類如何照顧病人。)

2. George likes to play basketball. In addition, he likes swimming.

  (George喜歡打籃球。除此之外，他也喜歡游泳。)

3. In addition to math, Tom is good at English.  (除了數學之外，Tom也擅長英文。)

5. S + Vt (感官動詞) + O +         V/V-ing....

                                                Vpp....

說明：1. 「感官動詞」為及物動詞(Vt)的一種，而常見的感官動詞有see、hear、watch、feel、notice和listen to等。

2. 「感官動詞」的受詞(O)若為主動動作者，後方動詞須以原形動詞(V) 或現在分詞(V-ing)表示，原形動詞表示「發生的事實」，現在分詞則強調「動作正在進行」。

3. 若「感官動詞」的受詞為被動接受動作者時，則須以過去分詞(Vpp)表示。

例句

1. Zeus did not like to see humans becoming more powerful.  (宙斯不想看見人類變得更強大。)

2. It was said that someone saw a bear appear in that village.  (據說有人看見一隻熊出現在那個村莊裡。)

3. Last night, Kyle heard the back door knocked a few times.  (昨夜，Kyle聽到後門被敲了幾次。)

實力評量

I. 介系詞填空：依各題句意填入適當的介系詞。

____________ 1. Amy asked me to get a magazine ________ her yesterday.

____________ 2. You had better not lend your car ________ Eason. He’s a careless driver.

____________ 3. The beautiful house is made ________ stone.

____________ 4. Mrs. Shapiro forgot to make dinner ________ her children last night.

____________ 5. The drink tastes special. What is it made ________?

II. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. I can’t tell what the shirt is made ________.

            (A) from                (B) with                    (C) in                     (D) by

(　) 2. Billy watched Brenda ________ without stopping her.

            (A) to leave           (B) left                     (C) leaves              (D) leave

(　) 3. In addition ________ English, I am also learning Spanish.

            (A) for                   (B) of                       (C) to                     (D) ×

(　) 4. Vivian didn’t know ________ Bert feel better.

            (A) how to be making                            (B) how should she make

            (C) how to make                                    (D) how she to make

(　) 5. You need to ________ your ticket ________ the woman over there before entering the museum.

            (A) get; to             (B) show; to             (C) bring; for         (D) buy; to

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 你有聽到Mary正在叫你的名字嗎？

Do you _________________ Mary _________________ your name?

2. 請為我買一些有用的工具。

Please _________________ some useful tools _________________ _________________.

3. 這本書好笑又有趣，此外，它還很有教育性。

The book is funny and interesting. _________________ _________________, it is very educational.

4. 我們必須知道如何在遭遇困難時保持冷靜。

We must know _________________ _________________ stay calm when running into trouble.

5. 我昨天看見Alex的皮夾被一個陌生人拿走。

Yesterday, I _________________ Alex’s wallet _________________ away by a stranger.

6. 不管你相不相信，我家裡其中一個馬桶是以黃金打造而成的。

Believe it or not, one of the toilets in my house _________________ _________________ _________________ gold.

7. 我希望你能告訴我該向誰請求協助。

I hope you can tell me _________________ _________________ _________________ for help.

8. Jose忘了該什麼時候到機場接Paris。

Jose forgot _________________ _________________ _________________ pick up Paris at the airport.

9. 我看到一個小男孩正坐在街上哭泣。

I saw a little boy _________________ and _________________ on the street.

10. 除了丹麥之外，Connie也去過瑞典。

_______________ _______________ ________________ Denmark, Connie has been to Sweden as well.

句型重點解析 UNIT 1.6

1. S + have/has + Vpp

說明；此為「現在完成式」的句型，用以強調「過去所發生的事情」對「現在情況的影響或結果」。通常用來表示以下三種狀態：

1. 表示「從過去某時起一直持續到現在的動作或狀態」，通常與「for + 一段時間」或「since + 過去時間」連用。

2. 表示「動作剛完成或尚未完成」，通常與already、just或yet連用。

3. 表示「截至目前為止已有過或未有過的經驗」，常和ever、never、once等時間副詞連用。

例句

1. Have you ever wondered what leads creative people to invent something new?

  (你曾經想過是什麼讓有創意的人們發明出新的事物嗎？)

2. I have already bought a nice gift for my mother.  (我已經幫媽媽買了一份好禮物。)

3. Johnny has played online games for ten hours.  (Johnny已經玩戲上遊戲十小時了。)

2. S + is + one of + the Adj-est + N + that-clause

說明：1. 此句型結合了形容詞最高級的名詞片語和that引導的關係子句，用來表達「所曾經……最……的事物或人之一」。用來陳述經驗的關係子句修飾前面的名詞片語，時態要用現在完成式，且主詞通常為第一人稱。

2. one of + the Adj-est + N表示「……之一」，所接的名詞須為複數。

3. 先行詞是形容詞最高級，故關係代名詞that不可用which或是whom來代替，且可被省略。

例句

1. This is one of the greatest economic difficulties that we have ever faced.

  (這是我們曾面臨過最大的經濟困境之一。)

2. This is one of the most exciting baseball games that I have ever watched.

  (這是我看過最刺激的棒球比賽之一。)

3. Yellowstone National Park in America is one of the largest national parks that I have ever visited.

  (美國黃石國家公園是我去過最大的國家公園之一。)

3. As + S + V..., S + V....

說明：as在此句型中為連接詞，作「如同…，像…一樣」解釋，所引導的子句用來修飾主要子句。

例句

1. As the following stories show, sometimes they want something useful, while other times they just want to have fun.  (如同接下來的故事所示，他們有時候需要有用的東西，而其他時候他們只是  為了樂趣。)

2. As we had expected, the singer’s concert attracted thousands of people.

  (如我們所預料，這位歌手的演唱會吸引了好幾千人觀賞。)

3. As the guide book says, there is a beautiful lake in the forest.

  (如同旅遊指南所說，森林裡有一座美麗的湖。)

4. ...N + when + S + V...

說明：1. 關係副詞when用來修飾表「時間」的先行詞。關係副詞具有連接詞及副詞兩種作用，且必須用於結構完整的關係子句中。

2. 關係副詞可用「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」代替，故關係副詞when = in/on/at/during + which。

例句

1. Darrow remembered the good times when he had money to travel abroad.

  (Darrow回想過去那段他有錢出國旅遊的美好時光。)

2. It was a comforting idea during times in which people had nothing.

  (在人們什麼都沒有的期間，那是個令人欣慰的想法。)

3. In Taiwan, July and August are the months when the weather is very hot and humid.

  → In Taiwan, July and August are the months during which the weather is very hot and humid.  (在臺灣，七、八月是天氣又熱又潮濕的月份。)

5. It + takes + 時間 + for sb + to V.... → It + takes + sb + 時間 + to V....

說明：此句型表示「某人花了多少時間做……」，it為虛主詞，代替後面的真主詞to V。take 表示「花費」之意，若將人放時間後面，則要加介系詞for。

例句

1. It took ages for Gino to get around his bicycle factory.

  → It took Gino ages to get around his bicycle factory.

     (在他的腳踏車工廠四處走動花了Gino很久的時間。)

2. It took nearly a year for Dick to find a job. (Dick花了近一年的時間才找到工作。)

  → It took Dick nearly a year to find a job.

3. It took four days for us to finish painting the whole house. (我們花了四天才漆完整棟屋子。)

  → It took us four days to finish painting the whole house.

    

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. Frank said he would call me this afternoon, but I ________ any calls from him yet.

            (A) don’t receive                                    (B) haven’t received

            (C) hadn’t received                                (D) wasn’t receiving

(　) 2. It took Alice a few weeks ________ a good apartment.

            (A) find                 (B) found                 (C) finding            (D) to find

(　) 3. Andrew avoided driving his car during the time ________ oil price was going up.

            (A) where              (B) when                  (C) which              (D) while

(　) 4. It kept raining for a week ________ the weather report had said.

            (A) as                    (B) for                      (C) since                (D) until

(　) 5. Larry ________ in this company since his graduation from high school.

            (A) works              (B) worked               (C) has worked     (D) had worked

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Grandma is very sick with cancer for six months.

                                                   (A)               (B)            (C)

(　) ____________ 2. I have already make a special plan for Terry’s birthday.

                                       (A)               (B)                           (C)

(　) ____________ 3. I hope for peaceful days which there is no war around the world.

                                                                     (A)   (B)            (C)

(　) ____________ 4. Peter is one of the smartest students that I ever taught.

                                                                     (A)         (B)                  (C)

(　) ____________ 5. It took only a few minutes of Chad to finish the meal.

                                                         (A)               (B)            (C)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 搭乘高鐵往返臺北高雄只需花兩個鐘頭。

It _________________ only two hours _________________ _________________ from Taipei to Kaohsiung by High Speed Rail.

2. Maria有過一段快樂且無憂無慮的童年時光。

Maria had a happy childhood _________________ _________________ she had no worries.

3. Andy已經決定要獨自扶養小孩。

Andy _________________ _________________ to raise his children by himself.

4. 如同你所知道的，Hector下星期就要去倫敦了。

_________________ _________________ _________________, Hector is going to London next week.

5. 從上個月我們就已經開始準備書展了。

_________________ last month, we ________________ ________________ to prepare for the book fair.

6. Tess寫一首歌通常需要三個月的時間。

It usually _________________ three months _________________ Tess _________________ _________________ a song.

7. Chris喜歡在午夜一切都歸於寂靜時看書。

Chris likes to read at midnight _________________ everything goes silent.

8. Dora不能如她所願地擺動她的手和腳。

Dora cannot move her arms and legs _________________ she wants.

9. “Larry’s show”是我看過最有趣的電視節目之一。

“Larry’s show” is one of the _________________ _________________ TV programs that I _________________ _________________ _________________.

10. Hector勇敢的行為已經贏得許多人的尊敬。

Hector’s brave act _________________ _________________ many people’s respect.