English Writing Ideas for Exams - 13

 13. Health

Diet

• The human body requires a balanced diet
• An unhealthy diet can cause various health problems
• Obesity, diabetes and heart disease are on the increase
• Many people nowadays rely on fast food or pre-prepared meals
• These foods often contain too much fat, salt and sugar
• They are cheap to buy and very easy to prepare
• Many young people have grown up on a diet of convenience foods
• Populations in developed countries are increasingly overweight Exercise
• Regular exercise is essential in maintaining a healthy body
• Exercise burns calories and helps to build healthy bones and muscles
• Doctors advise exercising at least three times a week for 20 minutes
• Most people nowadays lead a sedentary lifestyle
• We tend to walk less and do desk jobs
• Most adults relax by watching television
• Children play video games rather than doing outdoor sports
• In the past, people were more active in their jobs and at home

Government’s Role

• Governments have a significant role to play in reducing obesity
• More and more people, including young children are seriously overweight
• They are at risk of heart disease and diabetes
• This situation will increase the burden on hospitals and taxpayers
• Hospitals rely on the government for money and resources
• Governments should promote a healthy diet and regular exercise
• There should be more time for sports on school timetables
• Unhealthy junk food should be banned from school menus
• People need information about what foods contain
• Food packaging must show the food’s nutritional content
• The British Government recommends eating five portions of fruit and vegetables per day

State Health system: advantages

• Good healthcare should be available to everyone for free
• State healthcare is paid by the government using money from taxes
• Everyone has access to the same quality of care and treatment
• Private healthcare is unfair because only wealthy people can afford it
• The National Health Service in the UK provides free healthcare for every resident

Private Healthcare: advantages

• State hospitals are often very large and difficult to run
• Private hospitals have shorter waiting lists for operations and appointments
• Patients can benefit from faster treatment
• Many people prefer to pay for more a personal service
• Patients have their own room and more comfortable facilities

Alternative medicine: Positives

• People are increasingly using alternative medicines to treat illnesses.
• For example, acupuncture can be used to treat backache
• Herbal medicines can be used to treat allergies or viruses
• Many patients report positive experiences with these treatments
• Some traditional cures have been used for hundreds of years

Alternative medicine: Negatives

• Many alternative medicines have not been tested scientifically
• They may have no beneficial effect at all
• They may cause unknown side effects
• People should trust the opinions of qualified doctors
• An illness could get worse without treatment from a doctor

Stress

• Modern lifestyles are increasingly stressful
• People work long hours with strict deadlines
• Our busy lifestyles mean we have less time to relax
• Unemployment is a major cause of stress
• Children may be affected by their parents’ relationship problems
• Tests and exams can also cause stress

How to reduce stress

• Stress can be reduced by taking regular exercise and eating a healthy diet
• It is also important to get sufficient sleep and make leisure time a priority
• People should work less overtime and take regular holidays
• Schools have started to employ psychologists
• They can offer emotional support to students
• They can help students to cope with exam stress

 

English Writing Ideas for Exams - 10

 10. Global issues

Problems in developing countries

• Developing countries face a range if problems
• Standards of healthcare and education are low
• Life expectancy is usually lower than in developed countries
• There is a lack of infrastructure, employment and good quality housing
• Many people are forced to live in poverty
• Food, drinking water and basic medicines are in short supply

How to help developing countries

• The best form of help for developing countries is development aid
• Richer nations can help by investing in long-term projects
• Governments and charities can help by building new houses and schools
• Globalization may also help developing countries
• Multi-national companies can creating jobs in developing countries
• On the other hand, many people emigrate to find work in richer countries
• They often sand money back home to their families
• This money helps to improve the standard of living in developing countries

Immigration

• Some people move to another countries in search of a better life
• Many immigrants come from less developed countries
• Richer, industrialized countries may offer opportunities for employment
• Free healthcare and schooling are available in some developed countries
• Other people migrate to a foreign country to improve their academic qualifications

Positives of immigration and Multi-cultural societies

• From an economic perspective, immigration can be extremely positive
• Many immigrants have skills that are needed in the country they move to
• Immigrants who find work contribute to the economy of their new country
• Many immigrants send money home to help family members
• Immigration also creates cultural diversity
• People of many different nationalities learn to live together
• This can help people to become more open-minded and tolerant

Negatives of Immigration

• Some people believe that immigrants take jobs that should go to local people
• Some immigrant workers work longer hours for less money
• Companies might pay lower salaries to immigrant workers
• Unemployment rates could rise if there are too many immigrants

Opinions about Immigration

• Immigration can help the economy of a country
• It can create multi-cultural societies
• However, immigration needs to be controlled
• In many countries, immigrants need visas or work permit
• Governments should stop companies from exploiting immigrant workers
• Foreign and local workers should have the right to equal pay and conditions

Positives of Globalization

• Business of becoming increasingly international
• Multi-national companies do business across the world
• Companies like MacDonald’s can be seen on high streets in most cities
• Goods are produced in one country and sold in many others
• A global economy means free trade between countries
• This can strengthen political relationships
• Globalization can also create opportunities for employment
• It encourages investment in less developed countries
• It could reduce poverty in the developing world

Negatives of Globalization

• Globalization is not always beneficial to everyone
• Companies can move to countries where labour is cheap
• This creates redundancies, or job losses
• Employees cannot be confident that they have stable jobs
• Companies sometimes exploit their employees in developing countries
• Global trade creates more waste and pollution

The future of Globalization

• There should be global regulations for salaries and working conditions
• Governments should impose laws to protect the environment

英文作文講義4.1 Answers

 Part 1

1.If it stopped raining now, we could play basketball.

2.If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.

3.I intend to start at once.

4.What do you intend to do/doing about this problem?

5.With your help, we could finish the job in time.

6.With the coming/approaching of the examination, students study harder.

7.Air pollution does harm to our health.

8.Proper exercise does us good.

9.I will make every effort to help those who are in need.

10.I will try/do my best to persuade him to take a trip with us.

 

Part 2

1.If I were a college student now, I would carry out my two dreams.

2.First, I intend to join the computer club, and learn to operate the computer and surf the Internet.

3.With the help of computers, I would be able to improve the work efficiency.

4.Second, I would spend more time taking exercise because exercise would do me good.

5.In a word, I would make every effort to achieve my goal.

中譯

上大學以後我最想做的事

上大學以後我最想做的事就是去美國旅遊。我一直渴望去美國旅行。然而，我在高中時代，似乎沒有錢也沒有許多時間這麼做。如果我很幸運能夠成為大學生，我要在美國待上一整個暑假。洛杉磯將是我想去的第一個城市，我想去狄士尼樂園和環球製片場，我會在那裡玩得很開心。舊金山也是我不願錯過的一個城市，美麗的金門大橋吸引著我。此外，我也要去優勝美地國家公園參觀，那裡以壯觀的景色及各種野生動物而聞名。

為了使夢想成真，我要盡可能練習說好英文，如此才能毫無困難地與美國人溝通。此外，我必須找一個兼差的工作來賺一些錢。總之，去美國玩是我考上大學以後最想做的一件事。然後，現在我必須要努力用功並且考上一所好大學，這樣，才可能在不久的將來實現自己的夢想。

The Thing I Like to Do Most After I Enter a College

        The thing I like to do most after I enter a college is to travel to America.  I have been longing to go to America for a trip. However, it seemed that I had never had much time and money to do so during my high school days.  If I were lucky enough to become a college student, I would spend the whole summer vacation in America.  Los Angeles would be the first place that I want to visit.  I like to go to Disneyland and Universal Studio, where I believe I will have a lot of fun.  San Francisco is another city where I will never miss.  The beautiful Golden Gate Bridge appeals to me.  Besides, I will visit Yosemite National Park, which is famous for its spectacular scenes and various kinds of wildlife.

      To make my dream come true, I should practice speaking English as best as I can, so that I can communicate with Americans without any difficulty.  In addition, I have to find a part-time job to earn a little money.  To sum up, visiting America is the thing I like to do most after I go to college.  However, what I have to do now is study hard and enter a good college.  In this way, I can carry out my dream in the near future.

考用英文主題單字001~002

 001 時間(一) Time (一)

1. precious adj. 珍貴的；寶貴的

To a high school senior like me, time is much more precious than anything else.

【譯】對像我這樣的高三生來說，時間比任何東西都珍貴。

2. schedule n. 進度；時刻表

My schedule is so tight that I hardly get enough sleep.

【譯】我的時刻表緊湊到幾乎沒有足夠的睡眠。

3. burden n. 負擔～ ed adj.

I am burdened with endless tests to study for every night.

【譯】每晚我都有要準備無數考試的負擔。

4. efficient adj. 有效率的；最經濟的

I should learn to arrange my time better in order to make more efficient use of it.

【譯】為了更有效率的使用我的時間，我應該學著把它安排得更好。

5. stress n. 壓力

Sometimes I am under a lot of stress because of so much daily homework.

【譯】因為每天有這麼多功課，有時候我感受到很大的壓力。

 

002 時間(二) Time(二)

1. mystery n. 神秘

Time is one of the greatest mysteries in life.

【譯】時間是我們生活中最大的謎之一。

2. predict vt. 預言

Many people depend on fortunetellers to predict the future.

【譯】有很多人依靠算命先生來預測未來。

3. pray vi. 祈禱

Religious people invented the clock to help them know when to pray .

【譯】宗教人士發明時鐘因為時鐘可以告訴他們什麼時候要做禱告。

4. order n. 順序；命令

Time lets us put things into a definite order .

【譯】時間使我們能對事情做個明確的安排。

5. organize vt. 組織；安排

In order to make our life more meaningful, we should learn how to organize our time.

【譯】為了使我們的生活更有意義，我們應該學習如何安排時間。

B3 U7 GRAMMAR

 IV. Grammar

1  過去完成式：S + had + Vpp

→ 1. 完成式的基本架構為「have + Vpp」，在第二冊Unit 7曾經介紹過現在完成式的用法，而這裡要介紹的是過去完成式。由於是過去，所以必須把完成式架構裡的have改成過去式had，形成的過去完成式架構為「had + Vpp」。

2. 過去完成式的使用時機有以下三種：

(1) 在過去某時刻已經完成的動作。

(2) 過去某時刻之前就一直持續的動作。

(3) 過去某時刻之前的經驗(敘述有或沒有該經驗都可以用)。

3. 假如句子中有兩個過去的時間，比較早的必須使用過去完成式，比較晚的則使用過去簡單式。

例：By the time you told me, I had finished my homework.

在你告訴我之前，我早就完成了我的作業。

(在「你告訴我」這個時刻之前，我「做」功課的動作已經完成。)

David had lived in Nagoya for three months before he moved to Tokyo.

David搬到東京前，已經在名古屋住了3個月。

(在「搬到東京」這個時刻之前，已經「持續住」在名古屋3個月。)

Michelle had never gone abroad before she graduated from college.

大學畢業前，Michelle從來沒出過國。

(在「大學畢業」這個時刻之前，Michelle沒有「出國」這個經驗。)

練習：根據句型及提示字合併句子。

1.  James found an apartment. James had stayed in a hotel. (before)

_________________________________________________________________

2.  I had slept for four hours. My sister came home. (before)

_________________________________________________________________

2  表示「花費」的動詞：spend, cost, take

→ 1. spend的主詞必須為「人」，後面可接「時間」或「金錢」。最常用的結構為「sb + spend + 時間 / 金錢 + on N / V-ing」，意思是「某人花時間或金錢在某事物上 / 做某事」。

2. cost的主詞必須為「事物」或虛主詞it，只能用來表示花費「金錢」，常見的使用方式為「sth + cost (+ sb) +金錢」或「it + cost (+ sb) +金錢 + to V」，表示「某事物 / 做某事花了(某人)……(金錢)」。

3. take當「花費」的意思解釋時，主詞同樣必須為「事物」或虛主詞it，用來表示花費時間。常見的使用方式為「sth + take (+ sb) + 時間」或「it + take (+ sb) + 時間 + to V」，表示「做某事花了(某人)多少時間」。

例：Shelly spends all of her money on luxuries.

Shelly spends all of her money buying luxuries.

Shelly花她所有的錢在奢侈品上 / 買奢侈品。

The dress cost Ms. Wu 500 dollars.

It cost Ms. Wu 500 dollars to buy the dress.

那件洋裝花了伍小姐500元。

Finishing his homework took Harry an hour.

It took Harry an hour to finish his homework.

完成作業花了Harry一個小時。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. Charlie花了整個下午在超市裡購物。

Charlie ________ in the supermarket.

2. 買這間房子花了Scott所有的積蓄。

It ________ all Scott’s savings ________.

3. 寫這份報告花了我兩天。

It ________.

3  used to V

→ 這個片語的意思是「過去曾經……」，用來表示過去常常會做的事情，或是過去的習慣，但現在已經不那麼做，或現在已經沒那樣的習慣了。除了這個片語本身，另外要特別注意和這個片語結構相似，非常容易搞混的兩個慣用法。首先，和這個片語相當相近的be used to V是單純的被動語態，表示「被用來……」；而be used to V­ing表示的則是「習慣於……」。

例：Jason used to teach biology at a university, but now he is retired.

Jason過去曾經在大學教生物學，但現在他退休了。

Many people used to be the mayor’s fans, but they no longer trust him now.

很多人過去是那位市長的粉絲，但現在他們不再信任他了。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. 東京鐵塔過去曾經是東京最高的建築物。

Tokyo Tower ________ the tallest building in Tokyo.

2. 小林先生過去曾經住在千葉。

Mr. Kobayashi ________ in Chiba.

4  be able to V

→ be able to V的意思是「能夠……」，其時態及單複數由be動詞來變化及表示，用法上可和助動詞can + V代換。如果要表示否定含意時，可寫為be unable to V，意思是「不能夠……」。

例：To get the job, you should be able to speak fluent English.

要得到這份工作，你應該要能說流利的英文。

Tim hurt his legs, so he was unable to run the marathon.

Tim的雙腿受傷，所以他無法跑馬拉松。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. 那個5歲的小女孩能夠記得亞洲國家的首都。

The 5­year­old girl ________ the capitals of Asian countries.

2. Thomas無法來派對，因為他的班機延誤。

Thomas ________ to the party because his flight was delayed.

5  S + V + (that)-clause and that-clause

→ 這個句型主要在說明當對等連接詞and連接兩個或兩個以上的that子句作受詞時，第一個that可以省略，但第二個以及之後的that則絕對不可省略，且that子句的主詞大多不會相同。

例：I realize (that) how beautiful marine life is and that it is important to watch over our oceans.

我了解到海洋生物有多美麗，以及保護我們的海洋是很重要的。

Michael told me (that) he didn’t feel well and that his father would pick him up later.

Michael告訴我他身體不舒服，以及他爸爸晚點會來接他。

練習：根據中譯完成句子。(每格不限填一字)

1. Jeremy相信他有天會成功，以及他爸媽會以他為榮。

Jeremy believes that he will succeed one day ________ his parents will be proud of him.

2. Susie告訴我她要搬走，以及他們一家人可能會在布拉格落腳。

Susie told me she was going to move ________ her family might settle down in Prague.

TRY IT!

一、選出正確的答案。

(     ) 1. The singer’s latest album ________ Tony NT$871.

(A) spent    (B) bought    (C) sold    (D) cost

(     ) 2. Cindy used to ________ a walk after dinner.

(A) taken    (B) takes    (C) took    (D) take

(     ) 3. Luke realized that he ________ his wallet in the hotel room.

(A) had leaving    (B) had left    (C) has leaving    (D) has leave

(     ) 4. Steve was unable ________ the small words on the poster.

(A) to read    (B) to reading    (C) of read    (D) of reading

(     ) 5. Meg remembered she had taken out the garbage and ________ her brother had done the dishes.

(A) this    (B) which    (C) that    (D) what

(     ) 6. Tom ________ as a doctor for thirty years before he retired.

(A) had worked    (B) had working    (C) working    (D) works

(     ) 7. Allison said the deadline for the paper was next Monday and ________ she was running out of time.

(A) that    (B) what    (C) this    (D) which

(     ) 8. If I finish my homework by seven, I will be able ________ to the party.

(A) to going    (B) to go    (C) of go    (D) of going

(     ) 9. Mr. Du used to ________ a worker before he becomes a singer.

(A) is    (B) do    (C) be    (D) did

(     ) 10. Bill spent a lot of money ________ the souvenir.

(A) at    (B) by    (C) on    (D) in

二、根據提示完成句子。

1. 我醒來時，我哥哥已經去上班了。(中翻英)

___________________________________________________________________

2. Iris回到她的位子上時，她的智慧型手機已經被偷了。(中翻英)

___________________________________________________________________

3. Ron / two weeks / took / It / his bad cold. / to recover from (重組句子)

___________________________________________________________________

4. 200 dollars / me / It / home. / cost / to take a taxi (重組句子)

___________________________________________________________________

5. Eric過去曾經是Paul最要好的朋友。(中翻英)

___________________________________________________________________

6. Doris過去曾經在補習班工作。(中翻英)

___________________________________________________________________

7. is / quickly. / learn things / The new employee / able to (重組句子)

___________________________________________________________________

8. sell / in five minutes. / able to / is / ten diamond rings / The super salesperson (重組句子)

___________________________________________________________________

9. 我發現這裡的人們很友善，而且食物很好吃。(中翻英)

___________________________________________________________________

10. 我認為Helen沒在說謊，也覺得其中必有誤會。(中翻英)

___________________________________________________________________