2018年2月6日 星期二

睡覺只能說 sleep 嗎?

◎ hit the hay / sack 上床睡覺
hay 的意思是「乾草」,sack 則是指 「布袋、麻袋」,hit the hay / sack 字面就是說「打乾草 / 布袋」,延伸的意思其實是指「上床睡覺」喔!
例句:It’s been a long day. It's time to hit the hay!(真是漫長的一天。該上床睡覺了!)
◎ nod / doze off 小睡片刻、打瞌睡
nod 是指「點頭」,nod off 表示一直點頭、一直點頭,意思當然就是指打瞌睡囉。這個片語指的通常是在白天的時間小睡一會兒,類似「打個盹」的意思。
例句:The teacher punished John for nodding off during math class.(老師因為 John 在數學課上打瞌睡而懲罰他。)
◎ catnap / snooze 小睡
catnap 裡面有 cat 這個字,貓咪給人懶洋洋、呼嚕呼嚕小睡一下的印象正是「小睡片刻」的最佳表達方法,是吧?!那 snooze 這個字在顯示英文介面的手機上,是鬧鐘響的時候你可以按下去表示再睡一下的按鍵喔!
例句:A: Where’s Jessica?(A:Jessica 在哪裡?)
B: She’s catnapping on a lounge chair in the lobby.(B:她正在大廳的懶人椅上小睡片刻。)
◎ take / have a nap 打盹、小睡
nap 其實就是「打盹、小睡」的意思,搭配 take 或是 have 變成一個動詞片語也是非常常見的喔!
例句:You’ve been studying all day. You should probably take a nap later.(你已經讀一整天的書了。等會你可能得要小睡一下。)
◎ toss and turn 輾轉難眠
toss 是「投、擲」,turn 是「轉」,當我們睡不著、翻來翻去的時候就可以用這個片語喔!
例句:I felt him toss and turn the whole night.(我感覺到他整晚都輾轉難眠。)
◎ Sleep tight! 祝你好眠!
這個用語用來表達祝人一夜好眠、睡個好覺,有時候你也可能聽到有人以開玩笑、淘氣的語氣說:Sleep tight. Don't let the bed bugs bite. 就是說「祝你好眠,小心不要讓床裡面的蟲子咬到囉。」
例句:When I was a little girl, my dad always used to say to me, "Sleep tight. Don't let the bed bugs bite."(當我還是個小女孩時,我爸爸總習慣對我說:「祝你好眠,小心不要讓床裡面的蟲子咬到囉。」)
◎ snore 打呼
有時候太累了睡覺就會不自覺打呼,打得太大聲就會嚇醒旁邊的人。
例句:She hates sleeping beside him because he always snores so loud.(她討厭睡在他旁邊,因為他總是打呼很大聲。)
◎ grind one's teeth 磨牙
磨牙真是一件睡夢中在進行的事,常常自己都不會有感覺!
例句:Stop grinding your teeth! I want a good night's sleep.(你不要再磨牙了!我想要一夜好眠。)

2018年2月3日 星期六

Says who? 不是在說誰,正是在挑戰你!

Jeff正在和朋友聊一些市場現況,突然對方用不是很好的態度說了"Says who?",Jeff還以為對方沒聽清楚是在說哪家公司,不耐煩地重複了一次,後來對方就一整天沒跟他說話了:

Jeff: Alipapa has no chance of breaking the sales record on 'Single Day.' 
William: Says who? 
Jeff: Ah…who? I've told you it's Alipapa. You idiot!
William: …
Says who? 不是在說誰
Says who? 原本的意思應該是:"Who says that?"(誰說的?),帶有較激烈的口氣,表示自己不認同你的看法,屬於非正式場合(informal)的說法,在口語中很常見。
A: Mercedes GLA is the best! 賓士GLA是最讚的!
B: (O) Says who? 誰說的!
(X) Who say that?
(X) Who say?
Says you. 鬼才相信!/才怪!
A: You're fat!
B: Says you?
這個就相對容易聯想了, Says you. 我聽你在那邊說(假話),表示: "You say that, but that does not make it true or correct, and I disagree." 注意這裡主詞即便是you,慣用方式還是用"says"而不是say。
合約寫了什麼不是用Write
試著翻譯這句:合約書上寫什麼?
(X) What does the contract write?
(O) What does the contract say?
寫了什麼,重點不在「寫」(write),而是「說」(say)了什麼。write這個字只有人當主詞的時候才能寫,因為合約、書都不會自己寫,一本書寫得很好會說(O) This book is well written. (X) This book writes well.。
再看幾個例子,你會對say更了解:
你的錶幾點?
(X) What time is your watch?
(O) What time does your watch say?
(O) What time is it by your watch? 這句話的主詞是it而不是your watch,介系詞是by而不是in或on。
你可以看那個標誌寫什麼嗎?
(X) Can you read what that sign is?
(O) Can you read what that sign says?

2018年2月2日 星期五

Cambridge University may end handwritten exams

The world-renowned Cambridge University is (1) ____ abolishing handwritten exams after 800 years. University officials may ask students to type their exam answers (2) ____ a computer rather than use a pen. The move (3) ____ complaints from examination markers who say they are finding test papers increasingly illegible (4) ____ to poor handwriting. Academics say today's students primarily use laptops in lectures and tutorials (5) ____ of pens. Students are losing the ability to write by hand. One academic said asking students to hand-write exams actually causes them physical difficulties. The muscles in their hand are not used to writing extensively for prolonged (6) ____ of two to three hours.
A Cambridge University lecturer, Dr Sarah Pearsall, told Britain's 'Daily Telegraph' newspaper that handwriting was becoming a "lost (7) ____". She said: "Twenty years ago, students (8) ____ [wrote] by hand several hours a day, but now they write virtually nothing by hand, except exams." She added: "We have been concerned for years about the (9) ____ handwriting problem. There has definitely been a downward (10) ____. It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these [exam] scripts." Dr Pearsall says some students' handwriting is (11) ____ illegible that they had to return to the university over the summer to read their answers (12) ____ loud to examiners who could not read their writing.
Which of these words go in the above text?
  1. (a)     considers     (b)     consideration     (c)     considerate     (d)     considering    
  2. (a)     of     (b)     to     (c)     in     (d)     on    
  3. (a)     afters     (b)     follows     (c)     replaces     (d)     succeeds    
  4. (a)     because     (b)     owes     (c)     due     (d)     causes    
  5. (a)     prefer     (b)     rather     (c)     instead     (d)     rely    
  6. (a)     periods     (b)     period     (c)     periodical     (d)     periodicals    
  7. (a)     knack     (b)     art     (c)     know-how     (d)     skillful    
  8. (a)     routinely     (b)     routines     (c)     routine     (d)     routes    
  9. (a)     reclining     (b)     declining     (c)     inclining     (d)     clinging    
  10. (a)     blend     (b)     bland     (c)     trend     (d)     gland    
  11. (a)     such     (b)     then     (c)     so     (d)     though    
  12. (a)     as     (b)     to     (c)     up     (d)     out

句型重點解析 UNIT 5.2


句型重點解析 UNIT 5.2

1. no/not/never...without + V-ing/N

說明此為雙重否定的句型,句中用兩個否定詞來表示肯定,為「無……不……,每……必……」之意。注意without為介系詞,後面須接動名詞(V-ing)或名詞。

例句

1. It is never a good idea to take a job without finding out as much information about it as possible in advance.
(
沒有事先盡可能找出越多關於某份工作的資訊就接受它,絕對不是個好點子。)

2. Monica has no power without drinking coffee in the morning. (Monica早上沒喝咖啡就沒精神。)

3. I cannot finish my report without a computer. (我沒有電腦就無法完成我的報告。)

 

2. S + Vt (leave/keep/find) + O + OC (Adj/V-ing/Vpp)

說明1. leavekeepfind為不完全及物動詞,在受詞(O)之後須加形容詞或分詞當受詞補語(OC),以使語意完整。受詞補語和受詞如為主動關係,即使用現在分詞(V-ing);若是被動關係,則用過去分詞(Vpp)

2. leavekeep表示「使……保持……狀態」;find則表示「發現……處於……狀態」。

例句

1. You may find the work either boring or backbreaking—or both.
(
你可能會發現這份工作不是很無聊就是讓人腰痠背痛──或兩者皆是。)

2. Jason shouldn’t leave his students standing in the rain as a punishment.(Jason不該把他的學生留在雨中罰站。)

3. Rachel will keep the gold hidden in the attic. (Rachel將把金子藏在閣樓裡。)

 

3. one thing...another                 一回事……另一回事

說明此句型表示「一回事……另一回事」,another為代名詞,指同類的其他事物。

例句

1. It is one thing to have such a dream, but quite another to get the money needed to realize this dream.
(
擁有如此的夢想是一回事,但取得實現夢想所需的資金又是另一回事。)

2. To say is one thing, and to do is another. (說是一回事,而做又是另一回事。)

3. It is one thing to learn English, while quite another to talk in English.
(
學英文是一回事,然而開口說英文又是另一回事。)

 

4. too + Adj + to V                 太……以致於不能……

說明1. 此句型表示「太……以致於不能……」,too後面接形容詞原級,再接不定詞 (to V)。注意句型裡雖未出現not等否定字彙,但本身即具有否定意義。

2. 此句型也可用so...that替換,但so...that本身並沒有否定意義,故that後面須用否定子句,改寫成“so + Adj + that + 否定子句

例句

1. Does this sound too good to be true?Does this sound so good that it cannot be true?(這聽起來好到不像真的嗎?)

2. My brother is too young to drink. My brother is so young that he cannot drink.(我弟弟還太小不能喝酒。)

3. One is never too old to learn. One is never so old that he or she cannot learn.   (活到老,學到老。)

 

5. S + make + it + Adj (+ for sb) + to V....

說明1. make為不完全及物動詞,加上受詞後須再加形容詞作為受詞補語,才能使句意完整;其他相同用法的動詞有findthinkconsider等。

2. 此句型中真正的受詞為後面的不定詞片語(to V),為避免句子頭重腳輕,故用虛受詞it來替代。

例句

1. Having other people who are also in a similar situation makes it easy to make friends.
(
擁有其他身在同樣處境的人讓交朋友變得容易。)

2. The student’s terrible handwriting made it difficult to read his homework.
(
這個學生潦草的筆跡讓閱讀他的作業變得困難。)

3. My family’s poor economic conditions make it impossible for me to study abroad.
(
我家困難的經濟狀況讓我不可能出國唸書。)

 

實力評量

I. 選擇題:依據下列各題句意,選出一個最符合語法的答案。

( ) 1. After the flood, we found all the roads ________ with mud.
(A) cover                (B) covering              (C) covered               (D) to cover

( ) 2. It is one thing to gain knowledge, but quite ________ to use it well.
(A) other                 (B) others                  (C) the others            (D) another

( ) 3. Seeing the accident, Mike was too shocked ________ a word.
(A)
to say               (B) to saying             (C) that say               (D) that saying

( ) 4. The invention of the plane makes it ________ for humans ________ in the sky.
(A)
possible; to fly      (B) possible; to flying     (C) possibly; to fly          (D) possibly; to flying

( ) 5. My grandfather cannot read ________ his glasses.
(A)
with                  (B) without               (C) from                    (D) to

( ) 6. The boy is ________ shy ________ talk to girls.
(A)
so; that             (B) so; to                   (C) too; that              (D) too; to

( ) 7. Cooking is one thing, but cooking well is ________.
(A)
another             (B) other                    (C) others                  (D) the others

( ) 8. The writer’s humorous writing style makes it ________ to ________ her books.
(A) interestingly; reading    (B) interestingly; read     (C) interesting; reading   (D) interesting; read

( ) 9. I forgot to turn off my computer and left it ________ all night.
(A)
run                    (B) running                (C) ran                       (D) to running

( ) 10. The writer has no inspiration without ________ alcohol.

(A) drinking         (B) drink                   (C) to drink               (D) to drinking

 

II. 改錯:挑出語法有誤的選項,並加以改正。

( ) ____________ 1. Watching a movie is one thing, but it is other to make one.

(A)         (B)               (C)         (D)

( ) ____________ 2. I can never talk to Penny without get angry.

                                                (A)    (B)                         (C) (D)

( ) ____________ 3. The book is too difficult for a six-year-old child to understanding.

                                (A)          (B)        (C)    (D)

( ) ____________ 4. Allison drank a lot of coffee to keep herself wake.

                                                    (A)   (B)               (C)  (D)

( ) ____________ 5. My father’s busy work makes it difficult for him to spending time with us.

                                          (A)  (B)             (C)       (D)

 

III. 引導式翻譯:每格限填一字。

1. Anna發現自己被她最好的朋友騙了。
Anna ________________ herself ________________ by her best friend.

2. 我知道現在道歉為時已晚,但我還是要乞求你的原諒。
I know it’s ___________ late ___________ ____________ now, but I’m still begging for your forgiveness.

3. 海灘上的碎玻璃和瓦礫讓光腳行走變得危險。
The broken glass and rubble on the beach made it ________________ to ________________ barefoot.

4. 我們不能沒有仔細思考就做出決定。
We can ________________ make a decision ________________ ________________ carefully.

5. 對那些曾遭受家暴的人來說,治療身體的傷是一回事,但治癒心裡的傷又是另一回事。
For those who have suffered from domestic violence, it is ________________ ________________ to heal the wounds of the body, but quite ________________ to heal the wounds of the heart.

 

2018年1月30日 星期二

我希望...到底是 wish 還是 hope?


hope 希望

◎ hope 是用來表達希望過去、現在或未來可能發生的情況。注意,是「可能發生」的事情喔!以下舉例說明:
I hope you had a great time at last night's party.
(我希望你在昨晚的派對度過愉快的時光。)
I hope it's not raining now.
(我希望現在沒有下雨。)
He is really hardworking. I hope he will succeed with his new business.
(他很努力。我希望他的新事業會成功。)
※ 發現了嗎?上面三個句子,分別是描述過去、現在、未來的句子,但三件事情都是有可能發生的,所以要搭配 hope 喔!

wish 希望

◎ wish 比較像「奢望」,因為是要表達的通常是與現在事實相反或不太可能發生的事,這種情況下會搭配過去式動詞。來看看例子吧:
I wish I were a boy.
(我希望我是個男孩。)

→ 說這句話的人一定是女生,所以說這句話的人希望的是「與現在事實相反的事情」。
I wish I had never met him, or I wouldn't be so heartbroken now.
(我真希望我從沒見過他,不然我現在也不會那麼心痛了。)
→ 失戀的人可能會這樣說,但一定是已經見過他才會說出這樣的話,所以也是「與現在事實相反」的情況喔。
I wish I didn't have work tomorrow. I’ve been so tired recently.
(我真希望明天不用工作。我最近實在太累了。)
→ 希望明天突然不用上班是「不太可能發生的」事情,所以要搭配的動詞也是 wish。
◎ wish 有另一種用法,並非表達不太可能發生的事情,而是表達我們希望發生在他人身上的事情,最常見的就是祝福的話。這種用法中 wish 其實偏向 hope 的意思,因為說話者是希望這些祝福的話實現的。舉個大家常聽到的例子:
We wish you a merry Christmas.
(我們祝你聖誕快樂。)
I wish you good luck.
(祝你好運。)
I wish you happiness in your marriage.
(我祝你婚姻幸福快樂。)
◎ 另一種用法 wish + to + 原形動詞,表達的意思其實和 want 很像,也就是「想要」意思。例如:
If you wish to discuss this further, feel free to contact me anytime.
(如果你還想和我進一步討論這件事,歡迎隨時聯絡我。)
If you wish to read in silence, you can go to the library next door.
(如果你想安靜看書的話,你可以去隔壁的圖書館。)

控八控控,今天你哪裡痛?

首先,ache 這個字表示「疼痛」,若是看到身體某個部位加上 -ache 這個字尾的話,就表示那個部位的痛感喔!例如:tooth「牙齒」,toothache 就是「牙痛」;stomach 是「胃」stomachache 就是「胃痛」。
對於不適感的描述以下舉例:
◎ achy 疼痛的
用 achy 表示這種疼痛是持續的,但是沒有很強烈。
例句:My shoulders have been achy lately.(我的肩膀最近一直隱隱作痛。)
◎ acute 劇痛的
這個字用在痛感很尖銳,而且強度很強的時候,那要注意這個字也可以表示「急性的」喔!
例句:One of the symptoms of kidney disease is an acute pain in your back and abdomen.(腎臟疾病的其中一個症狀是背部和腹部劇痛。)
◎ agonizing 非常痛苦的
例句:He broke his arm while playing basketball. He said the pain was agonizing!(他打籃球的時候弄斷手。他說那痛死了!)
◎ burning 灼熱的
有時候痛感會伴隨一種燙燙的感覺,好像鄰近某個很熱的東西,這時候就可以用這個字喔。
例句:The patient described her wound as a burning pain.(病人描述她的傷口為灼痛感。)
◎ chronic 慢性的
指的是嚴重,並且為期很久的病。
例句:Older people are more likely to have chronic diseases.(老年人比較可能會有慢性病。)
◎ chapped 龜裂的
例句:You should drink more water. Your lips are chapped!(你應該要喝多一點水。你的嘴唇都龜裂了。)
◎ dull 隱約的(痛)
痛感強度不強,但一樣是為期一段時間的不適。
例句:He’s been complaining about a dull pain in his joints.(他一直抱怨關節隱約的疼痛。)
◎ infected 發炎的
例句:If you don’t clean your wound, it might get infected.(如果你不清潔你的傷口的話,它可能會發炎。)
◎ itchy 癢癢的
例句:My skin gets itchy when it’s too dry.(我的皮膚太乾的時候就會很癢。)
◎ stiff 僵硬的
例句:Her legs were stiff, so I helped her get up from her wheelchair.(她的腿很僵硬,所以我幫她從輪椅上站起來。)
◎ stinging / stabbing 刺痛的
stinging 這個字由動詞 sting「螫、叮」而來,因此 stinging 就像被螫到一樣,表示刺痛的意思喔!另外 stab 是動詞「刺、戳」,加上 -ing 字尾就變成形容詞「刺痛的」。
例句:I felt a stabbing pain in my foot when I stepped on the nail. (當我踩到一根釘子的時候,我感到我的腳有一股刺痛。)

解析 little、few 大秘訣!

英文中,常常在名詞前面會有 little 跟 few 這兩個字,它們有什麼差別呢?而有時候看到這兩個字以 a little / a few 呈現,又是要用在什麼時機呢?今天要來幫大家釐清這兩個很相似,使用上卻要特別注意的字喔!

基本規則

基本上,我們要先知道一個大規則:
◎ few + 可數名詞複數形,例如:few books / few friends / few cups
◎ little + 不可數名詞單數形,例如:little water / little money / little information

有沒有 a 差很多

單說 few / little 的話,是帶有「否定」的字喔,因此 few / little something 意思是「非常少,幾乎沒有的某物」,舉個例子:
There’s little information about it. Can you ask someone who would know?
(幾乎沒有關於它的資訊。你能夠問問知道的人嗎?)

Few people knew about her secret.
(很少人知道她的祕密。)
但是如果加上 a 變成 a few / a little 的話,就不再是帶有否定的字囉,而是指「一些」,意思等同於 some,但也是用來指數量不太多,例如:
Do you need a little more time to look through the project?
(你需要更多的一些時間來看過這個專案嗎?)

I want to borrow a few books to read this summer.
(這個夏天我想借一些書來讀。)

代名詞使用法

有時候如果談論的東西非常明確的話,也會直接把 few / little / a few / a little 當作代名詞使用,而不在後面接名詞。例如:
I heard the stand over there has the best lemonade. I want to get a little before we leave
(我聽說那邊那個攤子有最棒的檸檬水。我想要在我們離開之前買一些。)

→ 因為前半句已經提到 lemonade,指涉對象很明確,因此後面用 a little 來代指檸檬水。
Nowadays few would go to video rental stores for movies!
(現在很少人會去影片出租店租電影了!)

→ 因為只有人才會去租影片,因此直接用 few 來代指少數人。

其他用法

如果在 few / little / a few / a little 後面有冠詞、指示代名詞(a / an / the / this / that)或是代名詞、所有格(me / you / him / my / your...等)就需要搭配介係詞 of,變成 few of / little of / a few of / a little of。會這樣使用:
Little of my own time was left after we had a baby.
(在我們有一個寶寶之後,我自己的時間就剩下很少了。)

We have a few of these toys left on sale.
(我們有剩下一些這種玩具在特價中。)
另外要注意 a little 還能當作「副詞」喔!例如:
I felt a little better after I took the medicine.
(在我吃過藥後,我感覺好一些了。)

It rained a little yesterday.
(昨天下了一點雨。)