句型1
would rather
that somebody did…"寧願……;更願意……"(表示現在或將來的願望)
would rather
that somebody had done…"寧願……;更願意……"(表示過去的願望)
[例句]
I’d rather you
posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現在去寄信。
I’d rather you
were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情願你不是個知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時間在一起。
I’d rather that
I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情願昨天沒有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主語+did/had
done…好像……(表示現在或將來的情況用過去時;表示過去的情況用過去完成時)[參考句型4]
[例句]
Our head teacher
treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class
think highly of her.
Alan talked
about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來就好像他去過那裡似的。
句型3
"wish +賓語從句"，表示不大
可能實現的願望
表示現在的願望：主語+過去時;
表示過去的願望：主語+had
done;
表示將來的願望：主語+would/could
do
[例句]
How I wish we
students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學生多麼希望有更多的自由時間放鬆自己!
I failed in the
math exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you
can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It’s high/about
time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……
[例句]
It’s time that
you went to school.= It’s time that you should go to school.
It’s high time
that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們為環保做些事情了。
I think it’s
high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
句型5
情態動詞+動詞不定式完成結構的用法
could have done
“本來可以……”(表示過去沒有實現的可能)。
might have done
“本來可能……;本來應該或可以做某事”(實際沒有發生;含有輕微的責備語氣。
should/ought to
have done “本來該做某事”(而實際未做)
should not/ought
not to have done “本來不該做”(實際卻做過了，含有責備語氣)
needn’t have
done “本來不必做”(但是已經做過了)
would rather
have done “當時寧願做了某事”(實際沒有做過);否定式would
rather not have done表達相反意思，兩者都有表示"後悔"之意。
句型6
as, though,
although引導的讓步狀語從句。
[注意]although位於句首;though位於句首或句中;as位於句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強調的形容詞、副詞、動詞或名詞放在連詞前。[參考倒裝結構] 請注意下列句式的變化：
[例句]
1.
Although/Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Young
as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我雖然年輕，但我已經明白我應該追隨什麼樣的事業。
2.
Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Much
as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea.
雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點。
3.
Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child(省略冠詞)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
他雖然還是個孩子，卻認識了許多漢字。
4. Although he
tried, he couldn’t solve the problem.
→Try as he
might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
儘管他努力了，但是他沒有解決問題。
5. Although it
is raining, I’m going out for a walk.
→Raining
as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 天雖然在下雨，我還是要出去散步。
6. Strange as it
may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.
這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒有人受傷。
7. Much as I
would like to help, I have a lot to do.
雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。
8. Object as you
may, I will go. 縱使你反對，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)“沒來得及……就……”
[例句]
The roof fell
before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他還沒有來得及沖進房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。
He ran off
before I could stop him. 我還沒有來得及阻止，他已經跑了。
To my great
disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word
with her.
讓我非常失望的是，我還沒有來得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經離開了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)“過了多久才……"或"動作進行到什麼程度才……”
[例句]
They walked
about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他們西行50英里才看到一個村莊。
The workers
worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人們連續工作3天才使一切恢復正常。
He almost
knocked me down before he knew it.
他幾乎撞到我了才意識到。
We had walked a
long way before we found some water.
我們走了很長的路才找到一點水。
Five years went
by before I knew it. 不知不覺，五年過去了。
句型9
It was + 時間段+before…."過了多久才(怎麼樣)……"
It was not long
before…."不久，就……"
It will (not) be
+時間段+before…."要過多久(不久)……才……"(before從句謂語動詞要用一般時態)
[例句]
It was not long
before he sensed the danger of the position.
不久他就意識到他處境的危險。
It was five days
before he came back. 五天后他才回來。
It will be half
a year before you graduate from the school.
再過半年你才能畢業。
It will not be
long before they understand each other.
他們大概不久就會互相瞭解。
句型10
in case of…(+n.)
"以防;萬一";
in case
that…"以防，萬一……"(謂語動詞用一般現在時態或should+動詞原形)
[例句]
In case of fire,
what should we do?
Please remind me
about it in case I forget/should forget.
萬一我忘了，請提醒我。
In case (that)
John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please take your
umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).
帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
句型11
It強調句型
強調句的基本構成：It
is/was + 被強調的部分 + who(主要指人時)/that
+ 其餘部分
[注意1]
這種結構可以強調句子的主語、賓語、狀語(包括時間，地點，方式，原因等)，但是不能強調謂語動詞(參考句型15)。
原句的謂語動詞如果是現在或將來時態，用It is…that/who….;
原句的謂語動詞如果是過去時態，用It was…that/who….;
強調時間、地點、原因或方式時不要用when, where或how, 必須用that。
[例句1]
I saw him in the
street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I
who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調主語)
→It was in
the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(強調地點狀語)
→It was
yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(強調時間狀語)
→It was
him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調賓語)
[例句2]
He didn’t go to
bed until his mother came back.
→It was
not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
He didn’t do his
homework until his father came back from work.
→It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework.
[例句3]
Only when you
nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him.
→It is
only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value
him.
只有你快要失去某個人時，你才意識到你是多麼尊重他。
[例句4]
I was late again
because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.
→It was
because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
(強調句中只能強調由because引導的原因狀語從句，because不能換成since, as, for, now that等)
[注意2]強調句的疑問結構
一般疑問句 Is /
Was it +被強調部分 +who / that …?
特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+is /was +it +who / that…?
What is/was it
that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…?
Where is/was it
that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…?
[例句1]
I saw him in the
street yesterday afternoon.
→When was
it that you saw him in the street?
→Who was
it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Where was
it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
[例句2]
I don’t know
when he will come back.
→I don’t
know when it is that he will come back.(賓語從句疑問詞後用陳述句語序)
-How was it that
you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎麼和Smith先生聯繫上的?
-Trough a friend
of mine. 通過一個朋友。
**句型12**
(1)、祈使句(表條件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表結果)… “否則…，要不然…”
(2)、祈使句(表條件)+ and +主句(表結果)
[例句]
Hurry up, or
you’ll be late for class.
Please call me
up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out.
你來之前打個電話，否則，我們也許會出去。
Think it over
and you will find the answer.
Give him an inch
and he will take a mile. 得寸進尺。
Work hard and
you will make progress every day. 好好學習，天天向上。
句型13
…until…."直到……時候";not…until…"直到……才……"
[例句]
You are to stay
until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你媽媽回來。
The meeting was
put off until ten o’clock. 會議推遲到十點鐘。
The villagers
didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the
river.
→Not until
all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the
pollution was.(倒裝句)
等到湖裡的魚全死光了，村民們才意識到污染是多麼嚴重。
He didn’t go to
bed until his mother came back.
→It was
not until his mother came back that he went to bed.(強調句)
Not until he
failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer
games.
Not until his
son came back from school did he go to bed.
句型14
unless…"除非，如果不……"(=if…not)
[例句]
I shall go
tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。
-Shall Tom go and
play football?
-Not unless he
has finished his homework. 除非他完成作業，否則不能出去。
I won’t go
unless he comes to invite me himself.
除非他本人來邀請我，不然我是不會去的。
I won’t attend
his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).
除非被邀請，否則我不去參加的生日晚會。
句型15
when引導的從句
when除了用來引導主語從句、賓語從句、時間狀語從句、表語從句和定語從句，還有一種用法值得關注，那就是when引導並列分句，意思是"這 時突然;就在那時"，強調另一個動作的突然發生。常用於以下句型中：(1)、主語 + be doing… when…意思是"正在做某事這時……";(2)、主語 + be about to do…when…;(3)、主語+be on the
point of (doing) …when…意思是"正要去做某事這時……"
[例句]
One day Chuck
was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飛行，這時他的飛機突然爆炸了。
I don’t know
when he will arrive. 我不曉得他什麼時候到達。
I thought of the
happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京時的那段快樂日子。
I believe the
time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒有武器的日子不久就會到來。
I was walking
along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河邊行走，這時我突然聽到一個落水男孩求救。
I was about to
leave when it began to rain. 我剛要離開，這時下雨了。
I had just
finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我剛做完作業，下課鈴響了。
I thought of the
happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法國時那段快樂日子。
I believe the
time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒有武器的日子不久就會來臨。
[比較]
I was walking
along the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我正在街上走，這時我看見一家裁縫店。
I was walking
along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我在街上走。就在那時我看見一家裁縫店。
句型16
while引導的從句
while除了有"當/在……時候"的意思外(注意：引導的句子謂語動詞只能是延續性動詞!)，另外的兩層意思也是考查的重點： (1)while = although
"儘管"、"雖然"，引導讓步狀語從句;(2)while的意思是"然而;可是"，常用來表達對比關係。
[例句]
While I admit
that the problem is difficult, I don’t think that they can’t be solved.
儘管我承認這個問題很難，但是我並不認為無法解決。
While I admit
his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
雖然我承認他的優點，我也能看出他的缺點。
While I was
angry with her, I didn’t lose my temper.
雖然我很生氣，但我當時沒有對她發脾氣。
While I
understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 雖然我瞭解你的見解， 我還是不能同意(你)。
I earn only 120
dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只賺120美元，她卻賺180美元。
句型17
where…(地點從句)
[注意]where引導地點從句時，可以引導定語從句或是邏輯地點狀語從句。當它在定語從句中作地點狀語，指代地點時，這時可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等結構代替。但是它引導邏輯地點狀語從句時，沒有這樣用法。
[例句]
You should put
the book where it was. 把書放回原處。
Persistent
people begin their success where others end in failure.
不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。
Where there is a
will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where men are
greedy, there is never peace. 人類貪欲不止，世界和平無望。
Go where you
should, keep on studying. 無論你到哪裡，你都應該繼續學習。
That is the building
where my father works. 那是我父親工作的大樓。
Yesterday I went
to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百貨公司，就在那兒遇見了我的老師。
That’s where a
change is needed. 那就是需要變更的地方。
We could see the
runners very well from where we stood. 從我們所站的地方能很清楚地看到賽跑的選手。
You should let
your children play where you can see them. 你應該讓小孩在你的視線所及的地方玩耍。
Potatoes can be
grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in
places where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引導定語從句)
有些地方太冷不能種水稻，但可以種馬鈴薯。
[請比較下面的句子結構的不同]
Potatoes can be
grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引導地點狀語從句)
句型18
what引導的從句
what在英語中非常活躍,它可以用來引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句，但是不用來引導定語從句。在句子裡可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語，既可以指人，也可以指物。
[例句]
What is the
population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?
What did you pay
for this picture? 這幅畫你付了多少錢?
What is most
important in life isn’t money. 人生最重要的並非是金錢。
Will you show me
what you bought? 可以把你所買的東西給我看一下嗎?
Mary is no
longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已經不是10年前的她了。
句型19
as引導的非限制性定語從句
在as引導的非限制性定語從句中，連接代詞as在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語等，可以指人或物。其在定語從句中的位置比較靈活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中間或句子末尾。常用的結構有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is
said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is
evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as
I can remember等。
[注意1]as通常只指整個句子的內容，不表示部分內容。
[注意2]as引導的非限制性定語從句通常指"事先可以預料到的""料想到的"，表達"好"的方面。
[注意3]as引導限制性定語從句時，常構成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等結構。在從句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整個句子。
[例句]
This is also
part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過你，這也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a
teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個老師。
Such ideas as he
hits on are worthless. 像他那樣偶然想起的主意是無用的。
It’s the same
story as I heard from her yesterday. 這故事跟我從她那兒聽到的相同。
He will marry as
pretty a girl as he can find. 他要盡可能找漂亮的女孩結婚。
Such people as
have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
那些對世界做出巨大貢獻的人們應該受到極大的尊重。
句型20
which引導的非限制性定語從句(也引導限制性定語從句)
which引導的非限制性定語從句既可以指整個句子內容，也可以指句子的部分內容(如單詞或片語等)，在句子中可以作主語、賓語(動詞或介詞 的)、定語等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句後，不能放在主句前。表達的內容是"不好的"、"事先沒有預料到的"等時，常用which，只指物。
[例句]
Yellowstone
National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks
in the world.
黃石國家公園位於懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國家公園之一。
The clock, which
my grandfather bought, is still in good order.
這時鐘是我祖父買的，現在還走時很准。
The picture, for
which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.
那幅畫他花了一大筆錢購買，卻是幅贗品。
She changed her
mind again, which made us all angry.
她又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。
I lived three
years in Paris, during which time I learned French.
我在巴黎住了三年，在那期間我學了法語。
The weather
turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣結果轉晴，這是我們沒有預料到的。
句型21
(1)、疑問詞+ever
whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,
wherever,
however用來引導讓步狀語從句，相當於no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how連用。
[例句]
Whatever (=No
matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.
無論發生什麼事，我們都不能失去希望。
Whatever reasons
you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 無論你有什麼理由，你都應該遵守諾言。
Whoever (=No
matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 無論誰來，都會受到熱烈歡迎。
Whenever (=No
matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
此事無論發生在何時，但絕不是昨天。
Whenever you
(may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無論什麼時候你去找她，你都會看到她坐在窗邊。
Wherever (=No
matter where) he went, he made friends with people.
Whichever (=No
matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.
他們當中不論你選哪一個，品質都一樣。
However (=No
matter how) hard I have tried, I can’t find the answer.
(2)、whatever,
whoever, whichever, whomever等引導名詞性從句，這時不能用no matter+疑問詞替換。
[例句]
Take whichever
you want. 你要哪個就拿哪個。
We will do
whatever we can to help him out. 我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。
I’ll show you
whatever you want to see. 你想看什麼我就給你看什麼。
Whoever did this
job must be rewarded. 無論誰做這件事都要得到報酬。
Whoever walks
around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在這種大雨中行走都會患感冒。
You may invite
whomever(口語中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀請你喜歡的人來參加晚會。
Take whatever
magazines you want to read. 你可以取閱任何你想讀的雜誌。
句型22
全倒裝句型(一)
here, there,
out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝
[例句]
There goes the
bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了!
Here comes the
bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來了。
Now comes your
turn to make a short speech. 該輪到你發言了。
Away went the
thief when he saw the police.
Then came the
hour we had been looking forward to. 我們期盼的時候到了。
[注意]
(1)在這種情況下倒裝僅限於不及物動詞或be動詞，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。
(2)主語是人稱代詞時不要倒裝。如：Away he went. 他走遠了。
句型23
全倒裝句型(二)
表示方位的狀語放在句首，句子全倒裝;謂語動詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run,
stop etc. 不及物動詞。
[例句]
On a hill in
front of them stands a great castle. 在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。
In front of the
house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停著一輛警車。
Around the
corner walks a young policeman. 拐角處有個年輕的員警在行走。
Under the tree
sat a boy of about ten. 在樹下坐著一個大約10歲的男孩。
句型24
全倒裝句型(三)
(表語)adj. /
v-ing / v-ed +(地點狀語)+ be(或其他動詞形式)…
So adj./adv…that…如此……以至於……(so引導的句子倒裝，而that引導的句子不倒裝!) (這種結構是半倒裝句。)
[例句]
Present at the
meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席會議的有經理，設計師和詞作者。
Fastened to the
pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面國旗。
Hidden behind
the door were some naughty children. 有幾個頑皮的孩子藏在門後面。
Sitting at the
back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the
new teacher. 坐在教室後面的是幾位老教師，他們在認真地聽新教師的課。
Gone are the
days when farmers lived in the poor houses.
農民住在破舊房子裡的日子過去了。
Typical for
China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience
with word play. 相聲是中國典型的喜劇，兩個演員通過玩弄詞藻來逗樂觀眾。
So clearly does
he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他說英語非常清晰，別人都能聽懂他的話。
So fast does
light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光運行非常快，我們幾乎無法想像它的速度。
句型25
半倒裝句(一)
否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首，句子半倒裝。這樣的副詞主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no
means(決不), at no time(在任何時候都不)，nowhere, in no case (無論如何都不);not in the
least (=not at all) , on no condition(決不) 等。
[例句]
Never shall I
forget you.
At no time was
the man aware of what was happening. 那個人根本沒有注意到發生的情況。
Little did I
understand what he said to me at that time. 我那時幾乎沒有明白他給我說的話。
It’s beyond
description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful
place.
那真是用語言難以形容。世界上沒有其他地方會有這麼安靜、美麗的地方了。
Not a single
mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考試中沒有犯一個錯誤。
By no means are
these works of art satisfactory. 這些藝術品根本不能令人滿意。
On no condition
should you visit that place. 你決不能去那個地方。
句型26
半倒裝句(二)
not only…, but
also…(前一分句倒裝，後一分句不倒裝)
[例句]
Not only was
everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was
taken away. 不僅他擁有的一切被那走了，就連他的德國國籍也被取消了。
They suggested
not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他們建議我們不僅要參加晚會，還要進行表演。
Not only should
we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare
time. 我們學生不僅要學習好，還應該知道在課餘時間怎樣享受生活。
句型27
半倒裝句(三)
neither, nor放在句首
[例句]
If you don’t go
to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看電影，我也不去。
–Why
didn’t you buy the jacket?
–Neither
was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.
價格不能令人滿意，顏色也不太適合我。
I don’t like
him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜歡他，也不關心他。
句型28
半倒裝句(四)
"only + 狀語"放在句首，句子半倒裝
[例句]
Only when the
war was over did he return to work. 直到戰爭結束他才回去工作。
Only after you
have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18歲才能參軍。
Only in that way
will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有這樣，我們對生活中的機遇和挑戰才會有充分的準備。
Only by changing
the way we live will we be able to save the earth.
只有改變生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。
[注意]這種結構的倒裝只在only引導狀語的時候使用，only引導主語的時候不用倒裝。
Only in this way
can you work out the problem. 你只有用這種方法才能做出題目。
Only this way
can help you work out the problem. 只有這種方法才能幫你做出題目。
句型29
半倒裝句(五)
so + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞等 + 主語 “……也……”(表示肯定意思)
neither/nor +動詞/助動詞/情態動詞等 + 主語 “……也……”(表示否定意思)
[例句]
She is
interested in the story, so am I.
He enjoys playing
the guitar, so do I.
I saw the film
last night, so did he.
In the past 20
years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.
近20年來。我們的社會發生了很大的變化，我們的飲食習慣也變了。
Tom didn’t
attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom沒來參加昨晚的會議，Mary也沒來。
I have never
been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.
[比較1] “so +
主語 + 助動詞” 表示肯定已有的觀點或事實
[例句]
-We have all
worked hard these days.
-So we have.(的確如此)
I promised to
help him, and so I did.(我確實幫助他了)
[比較2] “主語 + 助動詞 + so” 表示按照別人的要求去做
[例句]
The wounded
little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so.
The doctor asked
Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.
句型30
so it is with
somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎麼樣，後者也怎麼樣
[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個謂語動詞或助動詞難以選擇時，用此句型。
[例句]
John likes
English but he doesn’t like math, so it is with me (so it is the same with me).
Tom is a student
and he studies hard, so it is with me.
-He was really
manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像個男子漢，敢於對自己的所作所為負責。
-So he was, and
so it was with you. 他的確如此，你當時也一樣。
句型31
(從句)If +
were/did(動詞的過去式)，(主句)主語 + would/might/should/could + do(表示對現在情況的假設)
[例句]
If I were you, I
would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不會如此自負。
I don’t have a
cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with
others.
If I were in
your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置，我會好好考慮它。
句型32
(從句)If +
had done, (主句)主語+
would/might/should/could +have done(表示對過去或已經發生事情的虛擬假設)
[例句]
What a pity it
is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the
concert, you would have seen the famous singer.
真遺憾昨天你沒有去聽音樂會。如果你去了，就能見到那位著名歌手。
Anyone in his
position would have done the same.
=If anyone had
been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會這樣做的。
句型33
(從句)If +
were/did(動詞過去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主語+
would/might/should/could + do(表示對將來的假設)
[例句]
If he should
refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 萬一他拒絕了，那也沒關係。
If you shouldn’t
pass the college entrance examination, what would you do?
萬一高考不中，你該怎麼辦?
句型34
虛擬語氣條件句的倒裝
在虛擬條件句中，如果出現有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構成虛擬倒裝句。
[例句]
Should he act
like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。
Had the doctor
come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy
would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫生及時到達，小孩就會得救。
Were I to go to
the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Had I enough
money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.
句型35
if only引起的感歎句，相當於
“How I wish + 賓語從句"，意思是"但願……;要是……就好了”
[例句]
If only he could
come! 他要是能來就好了!
If only we
students didn’t have so much homework!要是沒有這麼多的作業該多好!
If only I hadn’t
been so careless in the exam! 我當時沒有那麼粗心就好了!
句型36
if it were not
for… (= were it not for…)
if it hadn’t
been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因為有……;如果不是……”
[注意]這種結構中不能用否定結構的縮寫形式，即不能用weren’t it for…)
[例句]
If it hadn’t
been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on
board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船長一直堅強，船上的旅客就不會得救。
If it were not
for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會如此安逸。
If it were not
for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因為經費問題，我現在就出國了。
句型37
"but for + 名詞"和"but that +從句"，意思是"倘若不是;要不是"，接虛擬語氣
[例句]
But for air and
water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could
live.) 如果沒有空氣和水，什麼東西都難以生存。
But for the
storm, we should have arrived earlier.
= If it hadn’t
been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風雨，我們早就到了。
But for you, we
couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話，我們無法實施那項計畫。
She could not
have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見，她是不會相信的。
句型38
在動詞insist(1堅持做某事)，order, command(2命令),
advise, suggest, propose(3建議做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4要求)等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。基本句型：主語+ (should) + 動詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend,
recommend等也要接(should)+動詞原形結構。
[例句]
Mother insists
that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.(賓語從句)
We suggested
that the meeting (should) be held at once.
It was required
that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主語從句)
The suggestion
that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位語從句)
That is their
demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表語從句)
[注意1]
advice,
suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision,
requirement等名詞引導的同位語從句或表語從句，謂語動詞用 (should) + 動詞原形。
[注意2]
It’s suggested/
advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結構後的主語從句中，謂語動詞用(should) + 動詞原形。
[注意3]suggest意思是"表明，暗示;說明"時;insist意思是"堅持觀點，堅持看法"時，句子不能用虛擬語氣。
[例句]
He insisted that
he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅持說自己是無辜的。
He insisted that
he had never done wrong. 他堅持說沒有做錯事情。
Are you
suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說我不適合做那項工作?
The look on his
face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說明老師對結果感到滿意。
句型39
It is
necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等結構後的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即主語+(should)+動詞原形
[例句]
It’s necessary
that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加考試。
With the society
developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a
good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會的快速發展，我們有必要精通英語和電腦。
句型40
It’s
strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) …
should do…should表示"竟然"
[例句]
It’s a pity that
she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯過了機會。
It’s really
surprising that a prophecy(預言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是，預言和事實竟然如此巧合。
It’s strange
that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過考試。
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