2018年5月4日 星期五

承接詞


2. 承接詞題型:
承接詞題型當然也是一種思考過程。與邏輯推理題型不同處在於:邏輯推理題型往往可以「靠承接詞」,來得知兩個句子前後的關係。而承接詞則剛好相反,你必須看完前後兩個句子,來「推敲」應該是存在著什麼關係: 
I don’t like to go to school. Therefore, I always skip classes.
     第一個句子                  承接詞        第二個句子
如果是要考承接詞,你就必須設想「不喜歡去上學」和「我總是蹺課」有什麼關連?使用therefore表示前面是「因」,後面是「果」。 
所以這種題目的解題關鍵就在於除了要懂得推敲外,還要能「分辨各種承接詞」的特性。以下是最最愛考的承接詞,將依副詞、連接詞、動詞、介詞做分類,請務必牢記每一個字的特性!最常見的承接詞:
A.表達「前因後果」的副詞:S + V… 承接副詞, S + V…
1therefore / consequently/ hence / thus/ as a result/ as a consequence / accordingly / for that reason/ thereby/ in consequence (因此)
表達「前因後果」的動詞:
(因+ 承接動詞+ 果)
1cause/ lead to / result in / bring about/ give birth to/ give
rise to / account for/ be responsible for/ explain why(導致)
 表達「前因後果」的連接詞:
(承接連接詞+SV, SV SV, 承接連接詞+SV
1so/ so that/ in order that (以便於)
2lest/ for fear that (以免)
3because/ since/ now that/ as/ in that/ ,for/seeing that (因為、由於)

B.表達「前果後因」的動詞:(果+ 承接動詞+ 因)
1result from/ arise from (起因於)
 表達「前果後因」的介詞:(果+ 承接介詞+ 因)
1because of/ due to/ owing to/ thanks to / on account of/ as a result of/ as a consequence of

C. 表達「語氣上要更進一步說明」的副詞:
SV. 承接副詞, SV  前後兩個子句,有語氣越來越被強調的意味)
1above all/ most importantly/ most important of all/ most of all/ last but not least/ what’s more(更重要的是
2what’s worse/ to make matters worse (更糟糕的是
3in fact/ in truth/ in effect/ in practice/ in reality/ in actuality/ actually/ as a matter of fact (事實上)
4indeed/ of course/ surely/ certainly/naturally/ definitely/ absolutely/ for sure/ for certain (當然地)
5clearly/ obviously/ apparently/ evidently/ plainly/ distinctly (清楚地)
6even/much/ still/ far / a lot / rather/ somewhat + 比較級 (更加
7by far the/ far and away the/ much the / the very + 最高級 (最
8very/ so/ extremely/ devastatingly/ terribly/ awfully/ fairly/ excessively (非常)
9especially/ in particular/ particularly / specially (尤其)
10mainly/ chiefly/ primarily (主要地)

D. 表達「前後對比、比較、或是相反」的副詞:
SV. 承接副詞, SV  前後兩個子句,意思上相反或是有對比)
1yet/still/however/nevertheless/nonetheless/ notwithstanding/ even so/(然而)
2instead/ conversely/ in contrast/ on the contrary/ by contrast/ contrarily/ in comparison (想反地)
3on the one hand… on the other hand(一方面...相反地另一面)/ for one thing… for another thing (一方面另一方面)
4anyway(無論如何)
5after all (畢竟)
表達「前後對比、比較、或是相反」的連接詞:
1though/ although/ even though (儘管)
2even if (即使,與even though不同在於一個接條件,一個接事實)
3but/ yet/ while/ whereas (然而)
4except that (只可惜
表達「前後對比、比較、或是相反」的介詞:
1despite / in spite of/ for all/ with all (儘管有)

E.表達「前後相似」的副詞:
1similarly/ likewise/ in the same way (同樣地)
2namely/ in other words/ that is (to say) (換句話說)
3for example/ for instance/ take N for example (舉例來說)
4additionally/ besides/ furthermore/ in addition/ plus/ moreover/ what’s more/ also/ on top of that (除此之外)

F.表達「前後有順序之分」的副詞:
1first/ first of all/ to begin with/ first and foremost/ in the first place (首先)
2second/ in the second place/ secondly (其次)
3incidentally/ by the way/ by the by (順道一提)
4last/ lastly/ finally (最後一點)
     
G.表達「前後有時間先後,或是點明其關係」的副詞:
1in the meantime/ in the meanwhile/ meanwhile/ meantime (同時不同地)
2at the same time/ at a time/ simultaneously (同時同地)
3at first/ initially/originally/ at the beginning/ in the beginning (起初、一開始)
4finally/ eventually/ ultimately/ at last/ at length/ in the end/ in the long run (最後地)
5after a while/ after a short time (一會兒之後)
6for good/ forever/ permanently/ eternally (永遠地)
7for the time being/ temporarily (暫時地)
8sometimes/ occasionally/ at times/ once in a while/ on occasion/ now and then/ now and again/ form time to time (有時後)
9now/ presently/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment /nowadays(現在)
(10)  from now on/ from then on/ thereafter/ afterwards (從現在/那時開始、此後、後來)
(11) sooner or later (遲早)
(12) immediately/ instantly/ at once/ right away (立刻)
(13) suddenly/ at all once/ all of a sudden/ out of the blue (突然)
(14) by and by/ soon/ shortly/ before long/ in no time (不久)
(15) in advance/ beforehand/ ahead of time (事先)
(16) at no time (從未)
(17) at one time (曾經一度)
(18) all the time/ at all times (一直)
(19) so far/ as yet/ up to now (到目前為止)
表達「前後有時間先後,或是點明其關係」的連接詞:
1before/ after (在之前/後)
2until/ not…until (直到才停止/ 直到才開始)
3when/ while / as (當)
4each time/ every time / whenever (每當的時後)
5as soon as/ the moment/ the instant/ the minute/ hardly.. when…/ instantly (一

H.表達「條件關係」的副詞:
1otherwise (否則)
 表達「條件關係」的連接詞:
1If/ suppose that/ supposing that/ given that/ provided that/ providing that/ on condition that/ assuming that (如果)
2unless (除非)
3as long as/ so long as/ only if (只要)
4granted that/ granting that (即使)
5considering that (鑑於)
6or (否則)
 表達「條件關係」的介係詞:
1given (如果考慮到、有鑑於)
2considering (就而論)
3concerning/ regarding/ respecting/as to (關於

I.表達「要做出總結」的副詞:
1in sum/ to sum up/ in summary/ to summarize/ to conclude/ in conclusion/ in brief/ in short/ in a word/ to be bride/ on the whole/ all in all/ in a nutshell  (總而言之)
2in general/ in the main/ generally speaking/ by and large (大體來說)
3to be frank/ frankly speaking/ honestly/ honestly speaking (坦白來說)

J.其他常考的副詞
1only/ just/ merely/ simply/ solely/ alone (只是)
2perhaps/ possibly/ probably (可能地)
3at most/ at least (至多/至少)

針對以上常考的承接詞,讓我們來做個總結:
1)你先看選項,確認四個選項的詞分別屬於這十類中的哪一類(有賴你多看多背了!)
2)然後接下來,掌握這十種類別的大致特性:
因果關係前後的兩個句子,必定一個是因,一個是果
語氣加強後面的句子多半是把前面句子更進一步說明清楚
前後對比前後的兩個句子,意思上多半是比較異處/相反點
前後相似前後的兩個句子,意思上多半是比較同處/相似點
順序先後前後的兩個句子,作者論述方式有先後之分
時間先後前後的兩個句子,其時間發生有先後之分
條件關係前後的兩個句子,多半是建立在「假設」之上
總結關係後面的句子多半是把前面句子做總結
其他副詞限定範圍、猜測….
          

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