2. 承接詞題型:
承接詞題型當然也是一種思考過程。與邏輯推理題型不同處在於:邏輯推理題型往往可以「靠承接詞」,來得知兩個句子前後的關係。而承接詞則剛好相反,你必須看完前後兩個句子,來「推敲」應該是存在著什麼關係:
I don’t like to go to
school. Therefore, I always skip classes.
第一個句子
承接詞
第二個句子
如果是要考承接詞,你就必須設想「不喜歡去上學」和「我總是蹺課」有什麼關連?使用therefore表示前面是「因」,後面是「果」。
所以這種題目的解題關鍵就在於除了要懂得推敲外,還要能「分辨各種承接詞」的特性。以下是最最愛考的承接詞,將依副詞、連接詞、動詞、介詞做分類,請務必牢記每一個字的特性!最常見的承接詞:
A.表達「前因後果」的副詞:(S + V… 承接副詞, S + V…)
(1)therefore / consequently/ hence / thus/ as a result/ as a consequence /
accordingly / for that reason/ thereby/ in consequence (因此)
表達「前因後果」的動詞:
(因+ 承接動詞+ 果)
(1)cause/ lead to /
result in / bring about/ give birth to/ give
rise to / account for/ be responsible for/ explain why(導致)
表達「前因後果」的連接詞:
(承接連接詞+SV, SV 或SV, 承接連接詞+SV)
(1)so/ so that/ in order
that (以便於)
(2)lest/ for fear that (以免)
(3)because/ since/ now
that/ as/ in that/ ,for/seeing that (因為、由於)
B.表達「前果後因」的動詞:(果+ 承接動詞+ 因)
(1)result from/ arise
from (起因於)
表達「前果後因」的介詞:(果+ 承接介詞+ 因)
(1)because of/ due to/
owing to/ thanks to / on account of/ as a result of/ as a consequence of
C. 表達「語氣上要更進一步說明」的副詞:
(SV. 承接副詞, SV 前後兩個子句,有語氣越來越被強調的意味)
(1)above all/ most
importantly/ most important of all/ most of all/ last but not least/ what’s
more(更重要的是…)
(2)what’s worse/ to make
matters worse (更糟糕的是…)
(3)in fact/ in truth/ in
effect/ in practice/ in reality/ in actuality/ actually/ as a matter of fact (事實上)
(4)indeed/ of course/
surely/ certainly/naturally/ definitely/ absolutely/ for sure/ for certain (當然地)
(5)clearly/ obviously/
apparently/ evidently/ plainly/ distinctly (清楚地)
(6)even/much/ still/ far
/ a lot / rather/ somewhat + 比較級 (更加…)
(7)by far the/ far and
away the/ much the / the very + 最高級 (最…)
(8)very/ so/ extremely/
devastatingly/ terribly/ awfully/ fairly/ excessively (非常)
(9)especially/ in
particular/ particularly / specially (尤其)
(10)mainly/ chiefly/
primarily (主要地)
D. 表達「前後對比、比較、或是相反」的副詞:
(SV. 承接副詞, SV 前後兩個子句,意思上相反或是有對比)
(1)yet/still/however/nevertheless/nonetheless/
notwithstanding/ even so/(然而)
(2)instead/ conversely/
in contrast/ on the contrary/ by contrast/ contrarily/ in comparison (想反地)
(3)on the one hand… on
the other hand(一方面...相反地另一面)/ for one thing… for another thing (一方面…另一方面)
(4)anyway(無論如何)
(5)after all (畢竟)
表達「前後對比、比較、或是相反」的連接詞:
(1)though/ although/
even though (儘管)
(2)even if (即使,與even though不同在於一個接條件,一個接事實)
(3)but/ yet/ while/
whereas (然而)
(4)except that (只可惜…)
表達「前後對比、比較、或是相反」的介詞:
(1)despite / in spite
of/ for all/ with all (儘管有)
E.表達「前後相似」的副詞:
(1)similarly/ likewise/
in the same way (同樣地)
(2)namely/ in other
words/ that is (to say) (換句話說)
(3)for example/ for
instance/ take N for example (舉例來說)
(4)additionally/
besides/ furthermore/ in addition/ plus/ moreover/ what’s more/ also/ on top of
that (除此之外)
F.表達「前後有順序之分」的副詞:
(1)first/ first of all/
to begin with/ first and foremost/ in the first place (首先)
(2)second/ in the second
place/ secondly (其次)
(3)incidentally/ by the
way/ by the by (順道一提)
(4)last/ lastly/ finally
(最後一點)
G.表達「前後有時間先後,或是點明其關係」的副詞:
(1)in the meantime/ in
the meanwhile/ meanwhile/ meantime (同時不同地)
(2)at the same time/ at
a time/ simultaneously (同時同地)
(3)at first/
initially/originally/ at the beginning/ in the beginning (起初、一開始)
(4)finally/ eventually/
ultimately/ at last/ at length/ in the end/ in the long run (最後地)
(5)after a while/ after
a short time (一會兒之後)
(6)for good/ forever/
permanently/ eternally (永遠地)
(7)for the time being/
temporarily (暫時地)
(8)sometimes/
occasionally/ at times/ once in a while/ on occasion/ now and then/ now and
again/ form time to time (有時後)
(9)now/ presently/ at
present/ at this time/ at this moment /nowadays(現在)
(10) from now
on/ from then on/ thereafter/ afterwards (從現在/那時開始、此後、後來)
(11) sooner or
later (遲早)
(12) immediately/
instantly/ at once/ right away (立刻)
(13) suddenly/
at all once/ all of a sudden/ out of the blue (突然)
(14) by and by/
soon/ shortly/ before long/ in no time (不久)
(15) in advance/
beforehand/ ahead of time (事先)
(16) at no time (從未)
(17) at one time (曾經一度)
(18) all the
time/ at all times (一直)
(19) so far/ as
yet/ up to now (到目前為止)
表達「前後有時間先後,或是點明其關係」的連接詞:
(1)before/ after (在…之前/後)
(2)until/ not…until (直到…才停止/ 直到…才開始)
(3)when/ while / as (當)
(4)each time/ every time
/ whenever (每當…的時後)
(5)as soon as/ the
moment/ the instant/ the minute/ hardly.. when…/ instantly (一…就…)
H.表達「條件關係」的副詞:
(1)otherwise (否則)
表達「條件關係」的連接詞:
(1)If/ suppose that/
supposing that/ given that/ provided that/ providing that/ on condition that/
assuming that (如果)
(2)unless (除非)
(3)as long as/ so long
as/ only if (只要)
(4)granted that/
granting that (即使)
(5)considering that (鑑於)
(6)or (否則)
表達「條件關係」的介係詞:
(1)given (如果考慮到…、有鑑於)
(2)considering (就…而論)
(3)concerning/
regarding/ respecting/as to (關於…)
I.表達「要做出總結」的副詞:
(1)in sum/ to sum up/ in summary/ to summarize/ to conclude/ in conclusion/
in brief/ in short/ in a word/ to be bride/ on the whole/ all in all/ in a
nutshell (總而言之)
(2)in general/ in the main/ generally speaking/ by and large (大體來說)
(3)to be frank/ frankly speaking/ honestly/ honestly speaking (坦白來說)
J.其他常考的副詞
(1)only/ just/ merely/ simply/ solely/ alone (只是)
(2)perhaps/ possibly/ probably (可能地)
(3)at most/ at least (至多/至少)
針對以上常考的承接詞,讓我們來做個總結:
(1)你先看選項,確認四個選項的詞分別屬於這十類中的哪一類(有賴你多看多背了!)
(2)然後接下來,掌握這十種類別的大致特性:
因果關係→ 前後的兩個句子,必定一個是因,一個是果
語氣加強→ 後面的句子多半是把前面句子更進一步說明清楚
前後對比→ 前後的兩個句子,意思上多半是比較異處/相反點
前後相似→ 前後的兩個句子,意思上多半是比較同處/相似點
順序先後→ 前後的兩個句子,作者論述方式有先後之分
時間先後→ 前後的兩個句子,其時間發生有先後之分
條件關係→ 前後的兩個句子,多半是建立在「假設」之上
總結關係→ 後面的句子多半是把前面句子做總結
其他副詞→ 限定範圍、猜測….
沒有留言:
張貼留言