Reading
P1
Getting
closer to English
by
learning
some slang and idioms is actually
fun! Many native3
speakers use these creative expressions4 to make their English more colorful. 藉由學習俚語和慣用語來更加接近英語事實上很有樂趣！許多母語人士用這些有創意的詞語使他們的英語更多采多姿。
1 Getting closer to English by learning
some slang and idioms is actually fun!
1. Getting closer…idioms為動名詞作主詞用。
SPP 1: V-ing/To VR + 單數動詞
² 動詞不可作為句子的主詞，所以要改寫成動名詞（V-ing）或不定詞（to VR）。
² 動名詞（V-ing）或不定詞（to VR）當主詞時，視為單數名詞，後接「單數動詞」。
² 一個以上的動名詞或不定詞作為主詞時，則接複數動詞。
․ Getting closer to English by learning some
slang and idioms is
actually fun! （藉由學習一些俚語和慣用語來更貼近英文其實是有趣的！）
․ To build the enormous ice sculptures for
the Sapporo
SPP 3: by + V-ing
² by為介系詞，後面需接名詞或動名詞（V-ing），表示「藉由……（某方式）」。
² by有多種用法，by + 時間點
請見第五課句型V，by + O請見第六課句型I。
․ Getting closer to English by
learning some slang and idioms is acutally fun! （藉由學習一些俚語和慣用語來更貼近英文其實是有趣的！）
․ You can change your mood by
listening to music.
（你可以藉由聽音樂來改變心情。）
2. get close to
句型文法
get closer to 更接近；get close to 接近
• That garbage can be smelly, so don’t get
too close to it.
2 Many native speakers use these creative
expressions to make their English more colorful.
1. native speaker 其後可加不同語言，例如：a native speaker of French
2. make
句型文法
make + O + Adj（第6課句型）
• My father sent some flowers to my mother,
and that made her very happy.
Reading
P2
Slang is used in casual5
situations6 by particular7
groups of people, such as people in the army and teenagers. Some slang words die quickly, while others become fixed8 in
3 Slang is used in casual situations by
particular groups of people, such as people in the army and teenagers.
1. “slang is used by...” 為被動語態，by 後面接動作者，此處為「使用俚語的特定族群」。
2. such as 「像……；例如」，類似 like 的用法。
• Many countries in Europe, such as Spain and Germany
4 Some slang words die
quickly, while others become fixed in the language.
1. some..., while others...
句型文法
(1) while 在此處為連接詞，意為「而；然而」。
• I like coffee while he likes tea.
(2) some... others/some... 有些……還有些……
SPP 2: S + V, while + S + V.
² while在此句型表示「而；然而」，用以對照前後兩件事的差異。
²
由while引導的子句可置於主要子句之前或之後。
²
while另一種句型用法表示「當…時」，請參考第五課句型III。
․ Some slang words die quickly, while
others become fixed in the language.（有些俚語很快就消失，然而有些成了一個語言中的固定用語。）
․ While Amy is good at math, her twin sister has
trouble with the subject. （Amy擅長數學，然而她的雙胞胎妹妹卻不擅長這科。）
2. die 原意為「死去」，此處為「（語言）消失」。
5 However, if you say “This song is really
groovy” nowadays, people will think that you are “uncool” and outdated!
1. if 子句
句型文法
此處 if 引導條件副詞子句，說明主要子句發生之條件，非假設語氣，因此動詞皆用現在式。
2. uncool 是cool 的相反詞，可譯成「不酷」；un- 為「相反；否定」之意，例如：unfair、unable、unknown、unbelievable、unarmed
Reading
P3
“Rock12”
6 Saying someone or something “rocks” means
that person or thing is awesome and incredible.
saying... “rocks”為動名詞作句子主詞，指一件事情，故其後須用單數動詞means。請參閱本課句型重點1。
SPP 4: S + V..., for S + V....
² 在此句型中，for為連接詞，解釋為「因為；由於」。
² 注意for只能置於句中，且前面通常會加逗號。
․ You could say “Yi-Jie Lin rocks,” for
he ran across the Sahara
Desert
․ The employee was sick, for he hadn’t
got enough sleep. （那個員工因為睡眠不足而生病了。）
Reading
P4
While slang is
usually heard in conversations, idioms
are widely used in both the spoken and written language. These expressions don’t make sense when they
are read word by word. Instead, they have to
be treated as a
whole. For instance, you’re a “back seat
driver” if you try to tell the driver how to drive. If you keep annoying15 the driver, you will “drive him up the
wall.” If the driver then asks you to shut up, you should “bite your tongue.” Otherwise16,
you may “be kicked out of” the car! 俚語通常在人們的對話中聽得到，而慣用語在口語和書寫中都被廣泛使用。當這些慣用語一個字一個字看時並沒有什麼意義。相反的，它們必須被視為一個整體。舉例來說，如果你試圖告訴司機如何開車，那你便是個「後座司機」。如果你持續惹惱司機，那你將會「讓他抓狂」。如果這司機接著要你閉嘴，你就應該「咬著舌頭不說話」。不然你可能會「被踢出」車外！
7 While slang is usually heard in conversations,
idioms are widely used in both the spoken and written language.
1. while 在此處為連接詞，意為「然而」，用來讓slang與idioms做對比。
2. spoken 與 written 兩字為 speak 及 write的過去分詞，此處當形容詞用，修飾其後的 language。
8 These expressions don’t make sense
when they are read word by word.
1. these expressions 指的是上一句的 idioms。子句中的 they 指的也是 idioms。
2. 本句中 read 是過去分詞，為被動語態，唸法為[rɛd]。
3. word by word 意為「一個字一個字分開看」。
9 Instead, they have to be treated as
a whole.
be treated as 原為「被……處理」，此處當「被視為……」。
10 此段四、五、六句皆為由連接詞 if 所引導的「條件副詞子句」，說明主要子句發生之條件，非假設語氣，因此相關動詞皆用現在式。
SPP 5: S + V + wh- + to VR
² wh-疑問詞後接不定詞為名詞片語，作主要子句中的受詞。
² 此句型源於名詞子句作主要子句中的受詞，簡化後只保留疑問詞和動詞。例如：I don’t know what
I should say. 簡化成I don’t know what
to say.。
․ You are a “back seat driver” if you try to
tell the driver how to drive.
（如果你試圖告訴駕駛如何開車，那你就是「後座司機」。）
․ Don’t worry. The waiter will tell us where to park our car. （別擔心。服務生會告訴我們去哪裡停車。）
Reading
P5
Slang and idioms are common in daily17
conversations. They might seem difficult to
understand at first, but in fact, they are
easy and fun. Try using
your imagination, and you will understand the humor in them. 俚語和慣用語在日常會話中很常見。它們可能一開始看起來難以理解，但事實上它們容易學而且很有趣。試著運用你的想像力，你將會了解它們之中的幽默。
11 They might seem difficult to understand
at first, but in fact, they are easy and fun.
1. 其中 they 為代名詞，指的是前一句的 slang and idioms。
2. seem
句型文法
seem + Adj
• This dress seems very expensive, but it
is actually a bargain.
12 Try using your
imagination, and you will understand the humor in them.
句型文法
(1)肯定祈使句,
and...
• Hit the road now, and you will be at the
party on time.
(2)否定祈使句,
or...
• Don’t tell him the truth, or he will have
a breakdown.
SPP 6: try + V-ing
² try表示「試試看」時後接動名詞，用於測試某事是否可行。
² try表示「努力嘗試」時後接不定詞，用於為達成目的而做某事。
․ Try using
your imagination, and you will understand the humor in them. （試著運用你的想像力，你就會了解其中的幽默。）
․ Billy tried
to control
the situation, but he failed. （Billy試圖控制情況，但他失敗了。）
Comprehension
Main Idea Choose the best answer to the question.
___C _ What is the main idea of “Language Charm: Slang and
Idioms”?
本課的大意為何？
(A) How to drive a car and be a good driver.
如何開車及成為好的駕駛者。
(B) Teenagers and their language.
青少年及他們的語言。
(C) Slang expressions and idioms.
俚語表達方式及慣用語。
(D) Popular language expressions in the 1960s.
1960年代的流行語表達方式。
Details Write a T (True) or an F (False) for each
sentence.
___F _ 1. Both slang and idioms are used in the spoken and written
language.
俚語及慣用語皆使用在口說及書寫當中。
___T _ 2. Slang may be difficult to understand at first, but it
can be easy and fun.
俚語可能一開始看起來難以理解，但它們容易學而且很有趣。
___T _ 3. Slang and idioms are often used by many native speakers
of English.
許多英語的母語者常使用俚語和慣用語。
___F _ 4. Some slang expressions stay around for a long time, such
as the word “groovy.”
一些俚語的表達方式會留存很久，像是groovy這個字。
Grammar
Focal Point 1
|
V-ing/To
VR + 單數動詞
|
||||
|
1. 英文的動詞不可作句子的主詞，必須改為動名詞（V-ing）或不定詞（to VR），才可作主詞。
2. 動名詞或不定詞作句子主詞時，指一件事情，其後須用單數動詞。
Learning foreign languages
makes
me happy.
To play the
piano well is
not easy.
|
Examples
．Getting closer to English by
learning some slang and idioms is actually fun!
藉由學習俚語和慣用語來更加接近英語事實上很有樂趣！
．Saying
someone or something “rocks” means that person or thing is awesome and
incredible.
說某人或某事物「超棒」表示那個人或事物很棒和好到令人難以置信。
Practice A Fill in each blank with the appropriate form
of the key word. Make
|
necessary changes.
1.
_________ (speak) English well helps us communicate with Americans better.
|
英文說得好幫助我們和美國人溝通得更好。
2.
_________ (watch) the great shows in Sea World was a wonderful experience for me.
|
觀看海洋世界精彩的表演對我來說是一個很棒的經驗。
3.
_________ (be polite) means being nice to other people.
|
有禮貌意味著待人和善。
4.
Expressing one’s ideas clearly _________ (be) important for every speaker.
|
能夠清楚地表達個人的想法對於每一位演講者來說是很重要的。
5.
Getting enough sleep _________ (make) you smarter.
充足的睡眠使你更聰明。
Practice B Put the parts in the correct order to form
a sentence.
1. is/our health/good for/Going to
bed/early
à Going to bed early is good for our health.
早睡對我們的健康有益。
2. a teacher’s job/part of/is/Correcting
students’ mistakes
à Correcting students’ mistakes is part of a
teacher’s job. 訂正學生的錯誤是老師工作的一部分。
3. makes/Being honest/trust
you/other people
à Being honest makes other people trust you.
誠實使別人相信你。
4. To prepare for/lots of
fun/is/a potluck party
à To prepare for a potluck party is lots of
fun.
準備百樂餐派對非常有趣。
5. Jeremy/helps/Practicing soccer every
day/become/a great player
à Practicing soccer every day helps Jeremy become a great player.
每天練習足球幫助Jeremy成為很好的選手。
Focal
Point 2
|
S + V…,
while + S + V….
|
|
連接詞while可表達「對比、對照」，解釋為「然而」。while可置於句首或句
中，兩個子句用逗點隔開。
   Betty loves
seafood, while her husband never eats fish.
While some of my friends like rock n’ roll, others prefer hip-hop.
   |
Examples
．Some slang words die quickly, while others become fixed in the
language.
有些俚語字詞會快速消失，而有些則成為語言中的固定用法。
．While slang is usually heard in conversations, idioms are widely used in both the spoken and written language.
俚語通常在人們的對話聽得到，而慣用語在口語和書寫中都被廣泛使用。
Practice Look at the pictures, and make a sentence by
using the words given.
1. Peter likes/while/I
prefer
(play
tennis ) (play soccer )
à Peter likes to
play tennis, while I prefer to play soccer.
Peter喜歡打網球，而我偏好踢足球。
2. while/she is good
at/I am good at
(science) (English)
à While she is good at science, I am good at English.
她自然（科）很好，而我英文（科）很好。
3. some foreigners/while/others
(love stinky tofu) (hate stinky tofu)
à Some foreigners love stinky tofu, while others hate it
(stinky tofu).
有些外國人愛吃臭豆腐，而有些外國人則討厭它。
4. while/some people like/others like
(go to bed early) (stay up late)
à While some people like to go to bed early, others like to stay up
late.
有些人喜歡早睡，而有些人喜歡熬夜。
5. I prefer/while/my sister likes
(go out to see
movies) (watch videos at home)
à I prefer to go out to see movies, while my sister likes to watch
videos at home.
我偏好外出看電影，而我姐姐喜歡在家看錄影帶。
文法句型
|
Focal Point 1
V-ing/To VR + 單數動詞
|
|
教學建議
本單元介紹「動名詞（V-ing）和不定詞（To
VR）」的語法。老師可先教學生「動詞 → 動名詞／不定詞」的概念；之後可視學生需求補充動名詞和不定詞的改寫句型。
|
(1) 課文句型：動名詞或不定詞作主詞
|
V-ing/To VR + 單數V
|
說明：中文的動詞可以作句子的主詞，但英文必須用動名詞(V-ing)或不定詞(to VR)才能當主詞。動名詞或不定詞作主詞是指「一件事情」，其後應接單數動詞
(V-s/es)。
• Gardening is a good hobby.
• Taking a walk after meals is good for
our health.
• Being honest makes Kevin well-liked by
his friends.
• A proverb goes, “To say is one thing; to
do is another.”
(2) 補充句型：動名詞作主詞之改寫
|
V-ing + is + Adj/N = It is + Adj/N + to
VR
|
說明：動名詞(V-ing)作主詞可改寫成 It
is + Adj/N + to VR之句型；It為虛主詞，不定詞(to
VR)為真正主詞。
• Reading
= It
is important to read.
• Learning English slang is
interesting.
= It
is interesting to learn English slang.
• Making good use of our time is
necessary.
= It
is necessary to make good use of our time.
• Collecting stamps is my
favorite hobby.
= It
is my favorite hobby to collect stamps.
(3) 補充句型：不定詞片語作主詞用
|
To VR + is + Adj/N = It is + Adj/N + to
VR
|
說明：不定詞(to VR)作主詞可改寫成 It
is + Adj/N + to VR之句型；It為虛主詞，不定詞(to
VR)為真正主詞。
• To get up at 5 o’clock in the morning
is hard for Gina.
= It
is hard for Gina to get up at 5 o’clock in the morning.
• To become a fireman is
Mark’s greatest wish.
= It
is Mark’s greatest wish to become a fireman.
• To lose 10 pounds is my New
Year’s resolution（新年新希望）.
= It
is my New Year’s resolution to lose 10 pounds.
補充練習
|
A.改寫下列句子
1. It is a bad habit to go to school
late.（用V-ing...改寫）
→ _________________________________________
2. It is easy to speak, but it is
difficult to act.（用V-ing...改寫）
→ _________________________________________
3. It is impossible to learn English well
in a short time.（用V-ing...改寫）
→ _________________________________________
4. To love and be loved is a great
blessing.（用It is...to VR改寫）
→ _________________________________________
5. Studying as hard as possible is
important for students.（用It is...to VR改寫）
→ _________________________________________
B.引導式翻譯
1. 說別人的壞話是不好的習慣。
is a bad habit to
ill of other people.
2. 早起有益我們的健康。
(keep) early hours good for our health.
3. 花錢比賺錢容易多了。
(spend) money is much easier than (earn) it.
4. 教就是學；教學相長。
is ;
they go together.
5. 住在火星上在未來是有可能的。
on Mars may be possible in the future.
|
參考答案：
A.
1. Going to school late is a bad habit.
2. Speaking is easy, but acting is
difficult.
3. Learning English well in a short time is
impossible.
4. It is a great blessing to love and be
loved.
5. It is important for students to study as
hard as possible.
B.
1. It; speak 2.
Keeping; is 3. Spending; earning
4. Teaching; learning 5. To live
|
Focal
Point 2
S + V…, while + S + V….
|
|
教學建議
本句型主要是介紹由連接詞while引導的表「對比、對照」副詞子句。老師可先複習 while 引導的時間副詞子句「當……時」，再切入本課句型「……而／然而…」及其相關句型。
|
(1) 複習句型：時間副詞子句
While + S + be V-ing, S + V
= S + V + while + S + be V-ing
說明：while引導時間副詞子句時，常接進行式動詞，表「當…正在…」。
• While John was reading the letter, Mary
listened very closely.
• Tony fell asleep while he was doing his
English exercises.
(2) 課文句型：對照副詞子句
S + V…, + while + S + V….
說明：連接詞 while 引導表「對比、對照」副詞子句，譯為「而；然而」。
• Some people respect him, while others
don’t.
• Lily was dressed in brown, while Mary was
dressed in blue.
(3) 補充句型：表反意之轉折副詞
S + V; however, S + V
= S + V. However, S + V
說明：
①however「然而」是轉折性副詞，前面常用分號區隔前後兩句。
②however 亦可置於句首(=
nevertheless, nonetheless)，獨立成一句。
• Joseph is talented; however, he is too
proud.
• It’s raining hard. However, I think we
should go out.
補充練習
A.語法測驗
1. Alice was robbed of her purse she was doing some shopping.
(A) during (B)
while (C) though (D) despite
2. some of my friends like horror movies, others prefer
action movies.
(A) While
(B) In spite of (C) Regardless of (D) However
3. Some
students are interested in language,
others are interested in science.
(A) however (B)
still
(C) though (D)
while
4. My
friend Jack is smart; , he has a bad temper.
(A) while (B)
moreover
(C) however (D)
whereas
B.翻譯
1. Cathy搭公車上班，而我則搭捷運。
Cathy takes the bus to work, .
2. 沿著河流散步時，Carl看見一大群鳥。
,
Carl saw a large flock of birds.
3. 有些人很懶惰，而有些人很努力工作。
Some people are lazy, .
4. 有些人喝茶時喜歡加檸檬，而有些人則喜歡加牛奶。
Some people like to drink tea with lemon, .
參考答案：
A.
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C)
B.
1. while I take the MRT (Mass Rapid
Transit)
2. While (he was) walking along the river
3. while some (people)/others/other
people are hard-working
4. while others like to drink it with milk
Exercises
I Vocabulary Fill in each blank
with an appropriate word.
outdated 1.
This dress is really ou d; you should get a new one.
這洋裝真的過時了；你應該買件新的。
charm 2.
Lisa’s warm personalityj is her greatest c m.
Lisa溫暖的個性是她最迷人的地方。
fixed 3.
That store sells things at f d prices; they never have things on sale.
那商店賣的東西總是有固定的價格；他們從來不拍賣商品。
fashionable
4. Jessica is a supermodel, and she always wears f e clothes.
Jessica 是個超模，她總是穿時尚的衣物。
annoyed 5.
That little boy asked his father for the toy robot several times, and that really
a yed his
dad.
那個小男孩好幾次吵著要他父親給他買玩具機器人，那真的惹惱了他父親。
j personality n. [C] 個性
II Phrases Choose the correct phrase for each blank. Make necessary changes.
|
drive
sb. up the wall as a whole bite one’s tongue
make sense
for instance
|
1. I love all kinds of fruit, for instance , apples, oranges,
bananas, and so on.
我喜愛各式各樣的水果，舉例來說，蘋果、柳丁、香蕉等等。
2. She asked if I
liked her speech. I just bit my tongue and nodded.
她問我是否喜歡她的演講。我就只是閉嘴點頭。
3. It makes sense to exercise and
take care of your own health.
運動及照顧好自己的身體是有道理的。
4. This contestant’s singing
sounds awful to me. It’s driving me up the wall .
這位參賽者的歌唱在我聽起來很糟，真令我抓狂。
5. We should always look at things as a whole to get a better
picture.
我們應該總是看事情的整體，這樣才能比較了解事情的全貌。
III Grammar Choose the best answer to each question.
C 1. Some people
like to eat out in a restaurant, others
like to eat at home.
有些人喜歡外出到餐館吃飯，而有些人喜歡在家吃。
(A)
so (B)
for (C)
while (D)
because
A 2. The poor boy was badly by his classmates.
那可憐男孩的同學們對他不好。
(A)
treated (B)
treat (C)
treating (D)
to treat
B 3. Having lunch at a BBQ party an interesting experience.
在BBQ派對上吃午餐是個有趣的經驗。
(A) has (B)
is (C)
are (D)
have
C 4. out with the boy I
like makes me excited and nervous.
和我喜歡的男生出去使我又興奮又緊張。
(A) Go (B)
Goes (C)
Going (D)
To going
D 5. You should really study harder; , you will not be able
to pass the test.
你真的應該更努力讀書；不然你將無法通過考試。
(A) although (B) however (C)
further (D) otherwise
IV Guided Translation Translate
the following Chinese sentences into English.
1. 俚語和慣用語在日常生活會話很常見。
Slang and idioms are common in daily conversations .
2. 你可以說某人「超棒」，表示那個人很棒和好到令人難以置信。
You can say someone “ rocks ” to mean that person is awesome and
incredible .
incredible .
3. 當慣用語一個字、一個字看時，並沒有什麼意義。
Idioms don’t make sense when they are read word by word .
V Cloze Fill
in the blanks with the correct choices from among the words given.
|
Slang and
idioms are used by many people. 1. slang is usually heard in conversations, idioms are
widely used in both spoken and written language. A good way to learn about 2. is by watching American TV programs and movies. Many
dramas and sitcomsk have a lot
of slang and idioms. 3. , you can find them in the popular teen dramal “Gossip
Girl” and the sitcom “Modern Family.” Slang and idioms can be difficult to
understand 4. , but
learning them can be a lot of fun. Try using your 5. , and you
should be able to understand the humor in them!
|
A 1. (A) While (B)
When (C) Most (D) If
C 2. (A) it (B)
they (C) them (D) him
A 3. (A) For instance (B) Such as (C) Even
though (D) In case
B 4. (A) firstly (B) at first (C) first (D) first of all
D 5. (A) situation (B) conversation (C) expression (D) imagination
k sitcom n. [C] 情境喜劇 l teen drama n. [C] 青少年劇
很多人使用俚語及慣用語。俚語通常在人們的對話中聽得到，而慣用語在口語和書寫中都被廣泛使用著。學習它們的一個好方法是觀看美國電視節目及電影。很多戲劇節目及情境喜劇有很多的俚語及慣用語。舉例來說，你可以在受歡迎的青少年劇「花邊教主」和情境喜劇「摩登家庭」中找到它們。俚語和慣用語可能一開始難以理解，但學習它們很有樂趣。試著運用你的想像力，你將會理解它們之中的幽默！
沒有留言:
張貼留言