Reading P1
“Good morning, Annie. It’s now 6:30 a .m. Your body temperature2 is 36.5 degrees3 Celsiusž, and your
blood pressure4 is normal5. Here’s your schedule6 for the morning.
At 8, you should leave for the airport to pick up your mother, who will arrive at
about 9. Your car’s satellite navigation
systemž has been set up for you. I
will make a dinner reservation for you at your favorite
restaurant. It is now 15°C
outside, so don’t forget to put on a coat.” This is how Annie usually starts her
day. With the help of her smartphone, Leila, Annie always knows
exactly what to do for the day. 「早安，Annie。現在是早上六點三十分。您的體溫是攝氏36.5度，您目前的血壓正常。以下是您今天早上的行程。早上八點，您應該啟程前往機場接您的母親，她將在約九點時抵達。您的汽車衛星導航系統已為您設定好了。我將在您最喜愛的餐廳預約晚餐時段的訂位。目前室外溫度為攝氏15度，所以別忘了穿件外套。」Annie通常都是像這樣展開她的一天。有了她的智慧型手機Leila的幫忙，Annie總是確實地知道當天該做哪些事。
1 Good
morning, Annie. It’s now 6:30 a .m.
表「上午……點」：時間 + a.m./AM/am
表「下午……點」：時間 + p.m./PM/pm
‧The train will arrive at 10:15
p.m./PM./pm.
SPP 3: Here is/are + S (名詞)
² here為副詞，表示「在這裡」。
² 此句型是倒裝句，結構為：Here + is/are + 主詞（名詞）。動詞單複數由後面的主詞決定。
² 此為口語用法。用於引起對方注意，說話當下可能伴隨給予對方物品或展示的動作，也可用於發現正在尋找的物品。
² 如果主詞為代名詞，則結構為：Here + 代名詞 + is/are.。
Ÿ
Here’s your schedule for the
morning.
（這是您今天早上的行程。）
Ÿ
Here are the books you ordered.（這些是您訂的書。）
Ÿ
My keys are not in my bag. Oh, here they are.
（我的鑰匙不在我的包包裡。喔，它們在這啊。）
2 At 8, you should leave for the airport to
pick up your mother, who will arrive at about 9.
SPP 4: leave for [比較：leave]
² leave為不及物動詞時，接介系詞for表示「動身前往」，後接目的地或活動。
² leave為及物動詞時，表示「離開」，後接受詞。如要說明從何地離開前往何處，可用leave A for B，表示「離開A前往B」。
leave過去式和過去分詞皆為left。
Ÿ
At 8
o’clock , you should leave for the airport to pick up your
mother.
（八點時，您應該出發去機場接您的母親。）
Ÿ
Peter is leaving Taipei
for Shanghai
（Peter正要離開臺北前往上海。）
your mother為先行詞，因母親為獨一無二，其後的關係子句採非限定用法，關代who前必須加逗點，且who不可改為that。
句型文法
(1)
非限定用法：先行詞具「獨一無二」特性（如專有名詞或唯一的人或物），在關代前加逗點補充說明。
‧Mr. Lin has a daughter, who lives in Taichung
→ 林先生只有一個女兒，補充說明她是住在臺中。
(2)
限定用法：關代前不加逗點，把定位不明的先行詞說明清楚。
‧Mr. Lin has a daughter who lives in Taichung
→ 林先生不只一個女兒，在此說的是住臺中的那個。
SPP 5: has/have been P.P.
² have been
P.P.是現在完成式的被動語態，表示「已經被……」。
² 主詞若為單數用has，複數用have。has/have
been不變，主詞承受的動作用過去分詞表現。
² 可將現在完成式的被動語態想像成「現在完成式和被動語態相加」：
have P.P.
+ be P.P.
have been P.P.
² 現在完成式可參考第二冊L4句型I，被動語態可參考第一冊L6句型I。
² 和現在完成式的被動語態容易混淆的have been V-ing是「現在完成進行式」，強調「主動動作的連續性，且當下仍在持續進行中。」
Ÿ
Your car’s satellite navigation system has
been set up for you.
（您車子的衛星導航系統已經為您設定完成。）
Ÿ
This folk song has been sung for over a
century.
（這首民謠已經傳唱超過一世紀了。）
Ÿ
I have been practicing my English
listening skills for thirty minutes.
（我已經持續練習英語聽力30分鐘了。）
3 I will
make a dinner reservation for you at your favorite restaurant.
make a reservation 預約
4 It is
now 15°C outside,
so don’t forget to put on a coat.
句型文法
(1)
forget/remember + to VR
忘記／記得要去做某事→還沒做
‧Jane forgot to hand in her report.
→忘了所以還沒交
(2)
forget/remember + V-ing
忘記／記得已經做過某事→已做了
‧Joyce forgot lending me a book last
year.
→有借書給我，但忘了這件事
5 This
is how Annie usually starts her day.
how Annie usually starts
her day為名詞子句，作主詞補語。
句型文法
疑問副詞（when/where/why/how）+ S + V可作名詞子句，做為句中的主詞、受詞或補語。
(1)
作主詞：
‧How you get to the
station is not my concern. Just be there at 8 p.m.
(2)
作受詞：
‧Tell me when he will leave for Japan
(3)
作補語：
‧John met his girlfriend at Tom’s
Bistro. That is where he proposed to her.
6 With the help of her smartphone, Leila,
Annie always knows exactly what to do for the day.
1. with the help of
sb. 在某人的幫助之下
SYN with one’s help/assistance
2. Leila為同位語，等同於her smartphone。
3. what to do for the
day為名詞片語，作動詞knows的受詞。
句型文法
名詞片語是由名詞子句簡化而來，結構為：
疑問詞（what/which/whom/when/where/how）+ to VR
(1)
作主詞：
‧When to hold the
contest has not been decided yet.
(2)
作受詞：
‧Tell me what to do.
(3)
作補語：
‧The question is how to fix the
problem effectively.
Reading P2
After Annie came back from the airport, instead of talking to
her mom, she turned to Leila
right away. To Annie, Leila is not just a phone. She is also a wonderful friend
who knows her every need. Leila chats with her when she can’t sleep. Leila also
offers7 truthful8
opinions when Annie shops online. If Annie gets bored, she can entertain
herself with the latest9 App
gamesž that
Leila recommends10. When
Annie feels down, she turns to Leila instead of her friends or family for support11. Annie feels
closer to her smartphone than to any other real person that she knows. 在Annie從機場返家後，她沒有跟媽媽聊天，而是立刻轉身尋找Leila。對Annie而言，Leila不單單只是一支手機而已，她也是一位很棒的朋友，總是知道她的所有需求。當Annie睡不著時，Leila陪她聊天。當Annie在線上購物時，Leila也提供中肯的建議。如果Annie感到無聊，她可以玩Leila建議的最新應用程式遊戲。當Annie心情不好時，她求助的對象是Leila，而不是她的朋友或家人。比起An n i e 所認識的任何其他真實生活中的人，Annie覺得她與她的手機更加親近。
7 After Annie came back from the airport, instead
of talking to her mom, she turned to Leila right away.
1.可改寫為：After Annie came back
from the airport, she didn’t talk to her mom. Instead, she turned to Leila right
away. （請見本課句型重點1）
2.right away
立刻 SYN immediately
SPP 1-(1): Instead of N/V-ing…, S + V.
SPP 1-(2): S + not V…. Instead, S + V.
² instead of為介系詞片語，表示「而不是、代替」，後接名詞或動名詞，為「沒有被選上之事物或沒有做的事」。
² instead為副詞，表示「相反地、反之」，修飾全句，被instead修飾的句子描寫「選擇要做的事或有做的事」。
² instead用法可參考第二冊L3句型IV。
Ÿ
After Annie came back from the airport, instead
of talking to her mom, she turned to Leila right away. （Annie從機場回來後，沒有和她的母親談話，而是馬上轉向Leila。）
Ÿ
We didn’t tell her the truth. Instead,
we told her a white lie. （我們沒有告訴她事實。相反地，我們告訴她善意的謊言。）
8 If Annie gets bored, she can entertain
herself with the latest App games that Leila recommends.
entertain oneself
with sth. 某人做某事作為消遣或娛樂
SYN amuse
oneself with sth.
9 When Annie feels down, she turns
to Leila instead of her friends or family for support.
1.可改寫為：When Annie feels
down, she doesn’t turn to her friends or family for support. Instead, she turns
to Leila.（請見本課句型重點1）
2.feel down 感到沮喪 SYN get/be
depressed
字詞搭配 表「情緒低落」的片語：
(1)
sb. be in a bad mood 心情不佳
‧Bill has been in a bad mood since he
broke up with his girlfriend.
(2)
sb. be in low spirits 心情不佳、士氣不振
‧Losing the game, the players were in
low spirits.
Reading P3
One day, Annie was playing a game with Leila while she
was driving. She was concentrating12
on the game so hard that she didn’t notice a curvež in the
road ahead. By the time
she looked up,
her car had skiddedž off the road and was
falling into a gorgež. Her life flashed13 before her eyes,
but she could only see her phone and herself. For years, she had made no effort14 to spend time with
the important people in her life. She realized that she had made a huge mistake
and didn’t want her life to end in this way. 有一天，Annie在開車時正在和Leila一起玩一個應用程式遊戲。她全神貫注在遊戲當中，因此沒有注意道路前方有個彎道。等到她抬頭看時，她的車已經滑出車道，正墜落峽谷。她的一生閃過她的眼前，但她只看到她的手機與她自己。多年來，她未曾嘗試花時間與她生命中重要的人們相處。她恍然大悟，發現她已鑄下大錯，而她不想讓她的生命以此等方式畫下句點。
10 She was concentrating on the game so
hard that she didn’t notice a curve in the road ahead.
句型文法
表「那麼／非常…因此…」的句型：
(1)
so + Adj / Adv + that...
‧Emily runs so fast that no one can
catch up with her.
(2)
such + Adj + 不可數N / Adj + 複數N / a(n) Adj + 單數N + that...
‧Ken is such an honest man that
everyone trusts him.
11 By the time she looked up, her car
had skidded off the road and was falling into a gorge.
SPP 2: (1) By
the time + S + V-ed, S + had + P.P.
SPP 2: (2) By the time + S + V, S + will have + P.P.
² by the time為連接詞，指「到……發生時，……已經……。」
² 表示「在過去某時間點，某事已經發生或完成」，by the time後接過去式，主要子句用過去完成式had P.P.。
² 表示「到未來某時間點，某事將已發生或完成」，by the time後接現在式，主要子句用未來完成式will have P.P.。
² by the time引導的副詞子句可置於主要子句之前或之後，置於主要子句之前必須用逗點隔開。
² 如果副詞子句表示「未來某刻將發生的事或是對未來的預測」，動詞用現在式代替未來式。
Ÿ By the time Annie looked
up, her car had skidded off the road and was falling into a gorge.
（到Annie抬頭時，她的車已經滑離路面且即將要掉入峽谷。）
Ÿ By the time his victims
figure out what has happened, the con artist will have run away
with their money.
（到被害人想明白發生什麼事時，騙徒將已捲款潛逃。）
Ÿ If it rains
tomorrow, I will stay at home.
（如果明天下雨，我就待在家。）
→ If引導的副詞子句是對未來的預測，所以用現在式rains。
1.look up 抬頭看 ANT look down
2.her car
had skidded off the road用過去完成式，表Annie抬頭看時，車子早已滑出路面了。was falling into a
gorge則用過去進行式，表抬頭看時，車子正向下墜落。
12 For years, she had made no
effort to spend time with the important people in her life.
1. for + 時間，表「持續一段時間」，故主要子句動詞用完成式had made
no effort...。
句型文法
for與since的主要子句常搭配完成式，表某動作持續一段時間：
(1)
S + 完成式 + for + 一段時間
‧Milton has taken French for six
months.
(2)
S + 完成式 + since + 某過去時間點/ S + V-ed
‧We had been working on this project since last week, and we finally
finished it yesterday.
‧I have never seen my sister since she
moved to Australia
2. spend time with
sb. 花時間陪伴某人
句型文法
(1)
spend + 時間／金錢 + (in) V-ing
‧My brother spends lots of time playing
video games every day.
(2)
spend + 時間／金錢 + on sth.
‧Lindsay spent over thirty thousand
dollars on the name-brand bag.
13 She realized that she had made a
huge mistake and didn’t want her life to end in this way.
1. she had made a huge mistake用過去完成式，表達當她明瞭（realized）時，錯誤已經鑄成。
句型文法 過去完成式的常見使用時機：
兩個過去的事件或動作，先發生者用過去完成式，後發生用過去簡單式。
‧My sister told me that she had bought
a birthday present for Mom.
‧By the time Gina was ten, she had
learned four languages.
2. (in) this/that way
以這種／那種方式
Reading P4
Annie screamed15
and sat up in bed. She realized that it was just a dream. She was breathing16 heavily, and her
mother was trying to comfort17
her. Annie was glad her mother was there and reached out to hold her hand. Annie looked at the TV,
seeing a commercial in
which the president18
of a smartphone manufacturer19
was introducing20 a new model. However, she was now beginning to have second thoughts about
smartphones. Annie驚聲尖叫，在床上驚坐了起來。她發覺方才只是個夢。她沉重地喘息，而她的媽媽試著安撫她。Annie很高興她的母親在身邊，伸手去握住她母親的手。Annie看著電視，一個電視廣告裡有個智慧型手機製造商的總裁正在介紹一款新型的手機。然而，她現在對智慧型手機產生猶豫了。
14 She
was breathing heavily, and her mother was trying to comfort her.
句型文法
(1)
try + to VR 設法；企圖做某事（以達到某目的）
‧My brother tried to persuade my dad to
buy him a smartphone.
(2)
try + V-ing 嘗試做某事（看會有何結果發生）
‧Peter didn’t answer his cellphone, so
I tried calling him at home.
15 Annie looked at the TV, seeing a
commercial in which the president of a smartphone manufacturer was
introducing a new model.
1. seeing原為and she saw，此為對等子句簡化為分詞構句的用法。
句型文法 表「連續或附帶狀況」的分詞構句：
S1 + V...,
and/but (S2) + V（S1與S2相同）
→S + V..., V-ing/(being)
P.P.
‧The teacher listened to Tina sing, and
she was amazed by her beautiful voice.
→The teacher listened
to Tina sing, amazed by her beautiful voice.
‧Father stared at me, but he said
nothing.
→Father stared at me,
saying nothing.
2. in which the
president...為關係子句，關代which修飾先行詞a commercial。
句型文法 介系詞 + 關代：
若關係代名詞代替的是關係子句中介系詞的受詞，常將介系詞位移至關係代名詞之前，形成「介系詞 + 關代」的結構。
‧That is the man whom you are
going to work with.
→That is the man with
whom you are going to work.
‧That is the house which I used
to live in.
→That is the house in
which I used to live.
SPP 6: 介系詞 + 關係代名詞
² 
關係代名詞代替的名詞如果為介系詞的受詞，以關係代名詞代替後，介系詞可移至關係代名詞前。
This is the house.
Mark lives in the house.
→ 以which合併為：This is the house which Mark lives in.
→ 介系詞in移至which前：This is the house in which Mark lives.
關係代名詞代替的名詞如果為介系詞的受詞，以關係代名詞代替後，介系詞可移至關係代名詞前。This is the house.
Mark lives in the house.
→ 以which合併為：This is the house which Mark lives in.
→ 介系詞in移至which前：This is the house in which Mark lives.
² 由此可見，當兩個句子以關係代名詞合併成一句，而被取代的名詞之前有介系詞，介系詞也可置於關係代名詞之前。
² 前有介系詞的關係代名詞，不可用that替換。
課文和上面例句的in which可用關係副詞where代換。關係副詞where的用法可參考L5句型II。
Ÿ Annie looked
at the TV, seeing a commercial in which
the president of a smartphone manufacturer was introducing a new model.
（Annie看著電視，看到一個廣告，在裡面一家智慧型手機製造商的總裁正在介紹新機型。）
Ÿ Olivia, to whom James is talking, is my type.
（Olivia，James正在跟她說話的那個，是我喜歡的類型。）
Comprehension
Main Idea Choose the best answer to the question.
C What is the main idea of “Your Smartphone: A True Friend or a False Friend”?
＜你的智慧型手機：是知己還是損友？＞的主旨為何？
(A)
Smartphones make effective secretaries.
智慧型手機是很有效率的秘書。
(B) Everyone
needs to have a very close friend.
每個人都需要一個非常親密的朋友。
(C) People
shouldn’t depend too much on their smartphones.
人們不應該太過依賴智慧型手機。
(D)
Our family members won’t always be there when
we need them.
我們需要家人時，他們不會總是在我們身邊。
Details Choose the best answer to each question.
C 1. In the first paragraph, Leila offers Annie
information about all of the following except _______.
在第一段中，Leila提供給Annie以下的資訊，但不包含_______。
(A)
a dinner reservation she will make
一頓Leila將代為預約的晚餐
(B)
the time of her mother’s arrival
Annie母親的抵達時間
(C)
the schedule of her meetings in the morning
Annie早上的會議計畫表
(D)
the temperature outside
外面的氣溫
B 2. When Annie was in a bad mood, what did she
usually do?
Annie情緒不佳時，她通常做些什麼？
(A)
She asked for the support of her family.
她向家人尋求支持。
(B)
She turned to her smartphone.
她求助於她的智慧型手機。
(C)
She took a walk alone in the park.
她獨自在公園裡散步。
(D)
She went for a ride in the mountains.
她開車到山上兜風。
C 3. How did Annie feel when her car was falling
into a gorge?
Annie的車正墜入山谷時，她感受為何？
(A)
She was angry that no warning sign had been
set up.
她很生氣，因為路邊並未設立警告標誌。
(B)
She was glad that her pain was coming to an
end.
她很開心，因為她的痛苦即將結束。
(C)
She was sorry that she had ignored her family
and friends.
她很遺憾，因為她忽略了她的家人與朋友。
(D)
She was proud that she had led a meaningful
life.
她很驕傲，因為她過了有意義的一生。
D 4. Why did Annie have second thoughts when she
saw the commercial for the new smartphone?
Annie看到新型智慧型手機的廣告時，為何心中產生了疑慮？
(A)
She thought that the new smartphone was too
expensive.
她認為新款智慧型手機太貴了。
(B)
Her mother asked her not to buy another
smartphone.
她母親要她別再買另一支智慧型手機了。
(C)
The new smartphone was not as good as her old
one.
新款智慧型手機不如她的舊手機好。
(D)
She wondered if she really needed a
smartphone so much.
她納悶她是否真的如此需要智慧型手機。
Grammar
Focal Point 1
|
( I ) Instead of N/V-ing..., S + V.
(II) S + not V.... Instead, S + V.
|
|
(1)
instead of 表示「取代、代替」，為「介系詞片語」，之後接 N/V-ing。
(2)
instead 表示「反之」，為「副詞」，之後接句子。
|
Examples
● After Annie came back
from the airport, instead of talking to her mom, she turned to Leila
right away.
è After Annie came back
from the airport, she didn’t talk to her mom. Instead,
she turned to Leila right away. Annie從機場回來後，沒有和媽媽說話，而是馬上轉身去找她的智慧型手機Leila。
● When Annie feels down,
she turns to Leila instead of her friends or family for
support.
è When Annie feels down,
she doesn’t
turn to her friends or family for support. Instead, she turns to Leila. Annie心情不好時，她向Leila求助，而沒有向她的朋友或家人尋求支持。
● On the weekend,
Christine went window shopping instead of staying home alone.
è On the weekend,
Christine didn’t
stay home alone. Instead, she went window shopping. 周末時，Christine去逛街而沒有獨自待在家。
Practice Rewrite the following sentences by using the
patterns above.
1.
Jane watched TV all night instead of doing her homework.
(instead)
è Jane did not do her homework. Instead, she watched TV
all night. Jane沒有做功課，而是整夜看電視。
2.
We should recycle the empty bottles instead of throwing
them away. (instead)
è We should not throw
the empty bottles away. Instead, we should recycle them. 我們不應該把空瓶丟棄，而是應該把它們拿去資源回收。
3.
To celebrate my mother’s birthday, we will dine in a fine
restaurant instead of throwing a party at home. (instead)
è To celebrate my
mother’s birthday, we will not throw a party at home. Instead, we will dine
in a fine restaurant. 為了慶祝我母親的生日，我們不會在家舉行派對，而會在一間精緻的餐廳吃飯。
4.
I didn’t go to work today. Instead, I took a day off in
order to relax. (instead of)
è In order to relax, I
took a day off instead of going to work today.
為了放鬆一下，我今天請了一天假沒有去上班。
5.
The kind man didn’t just save or spend his money.
Instead, he gave most of it to people in need. (instead of)
è The kind man gave most
of his money to people in need instead of just saving or spending his money.
這位善心人士將他大多數的錢都給了需要幫助的人，而非只是把他的錢存起來或花掉。
Focal
Point 2
|
( I ) By the time + S + V-ed, S + had + P.P.
(II) By the time + S + V, S + will have + P.P.
|
|
(1)
by the time 為表時間的連接詞，表「到……之時，已經……」。
(2)
用在「過去」情境時，by the time 副詞子句用過去式，主要子句動詞常用過去完成式（had + P.P.）。
(3)
用在「未來」情境時，by the time 副詞子句用現在式代替未來式，主要子句動詞常用未來完成式（will have + P.P.）。
 |
Examples
● By the time Annie looked up, her car had
skidded off the road.等到Annie抬頭看時，她的車已經滑出車道。
● By the time I arrived home, my parents had
gone to bed. 等到我返家時，我的父母已經上床睡覺了。
● By the time I woke up at the hair
salon, my hair had changed completely! 等到我在理髮店裡醒來時，我的頭髮已經整個都變了！
● By the time you come back, we will
have finished all the work. 等到你回來時，我們將已經完成所有的工作。
● By the time Richard gets here, everyone
will have left. 等到Richard抵達這裡時，大家都將已經離開了。
Practice A Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form.
1.
By the time Sabrina and her boyfriend got to the theater,
the movie had (already) started (start).
等到Sabrina和她的男朋友抵達戲院時，電影已經開始放映了。
2.
By the time Jessica’s parents receive her postcard, she will have returned
(return) home.
(return) home.
等到Jessica的父母收到她寄的明信片時，她將已經回到家了。
3.
By the time Thomas sat down at his desk and started to
work, he had wasted
(waste) a lot of time.
(waste) a lot of time.
等到Thomas坐在桌前開始工作時，他已經浪費了許多時間。
4.
By the time the father finished reading the story, the
little girl had fallen
(fall) asleep.
(fall) asleep.
等到爸爸讀完故事時，小女孩已經睡著了。
5.
By the time you reach the classroom, the class will have ended (end).
等你到達教室的時候，這堂課都將已經結束了。
Practice B Combine the sentences by using “By the time….” Make the
necessary changes.
è By the time Linda got to the train station, the train had
left.
等到Linda抵達車站時，火車已經離開了。
è By the time Jenny told
me she couldn’t go to the movies with me, I had already bought the tickets.
等到Jenny告訴我她不能跟我去看電影時，我都已經買好票了。
è By the time I was free
to help with the housework, my father had finished it all by himself.
等我有空幫忙做家事時，我爸爸已經自己把家事都做完了。
è By the time Roger
graduates, he will have saved enough money to buy a car.
等到Roger畢業時，他將已經存到足夠的錢買車了。
文法句型
|
Focal Point 1
(I) Instead of
N/V-ing..., S + V.
(II) S + not V.…
Instead, S + V.
|
|
教學建議
本單元句型是介紹介系詞片語instead of...（代替；取代；不……而……）的用法。若是使用副詞instead時，前句為否定句，而instead之後的逗點接肯定句。
教學順序建議如下：
(1)
說明instead of + N/V-ing的用法。
(2)
說明instead 單獨使用的情形。
(3)
instead of 與 instead的改寫。
(4)
補充instead of 與 rather than的應用。
|
(1) 課文句型：instead of + N
|
S + V... instead of
+ 人／物……（代替，取代）
|
說明：instead of 為介系詞片語，後面接人或物表「代替、取代……」時，通常置於句中。
‧My boss asked me instead of him
to attend the meeting.
‧The villagers in the mountains use
wood instead of gas as fuel.
(2) 課文句型：instead of + V-ing
|
Instead of +
V-ing..., S + V... （不…，而…）
= S + V... instead
of + V-ing...
|
說明：instead of為介系詞片語，後接動名詞表「不…而…」時可置於句首或句尾。
‧Instead of blaming me, Joe
gave me some advice.
= Joe gave me some advice instead of blaming me.
‧Instead of lying here in bed, you
should be working.
= You should be working instead of lying here in
bed.
‧Instead of studying hard, Kim
fools around all day.
= Kim fools around all day instead of studying
hard.
‧Instead of laughing at me, the
lady tried to help me.
= The lady tried to help me instead of laughing at
me.
(3) 課文句型：
|
S + not V....
Instead, S + V
= S + not V..., but
+ V... instead.
|
說明：instead為副詞，用法有：（須提醒學生注意標點符號之使用）
1 否定句. Instead, 肯定句.
‧Jack didn’t go to school. Instead,
he was hanging out with his friends.
2 否定句; instead, 肯定句.
‧Rae didn’t go to the library; instead,
she went to a movie.
= Rae didn’t go to the library, but went to
a movie instead.
3 否定句, + but + 動詞... instead.
‧On weekends, Joe does not stay
home, but goes hiking instead.
(4) 句型的改寫
|
Instead of +
V-ing..., S + V.
= S + not V....
Instead, S + V.
= S + not V..., but
+ V... instead.
|
說明：改寫句型時應留意語法內容的變動。
‧Instead of taking
the bus, many people drive to work.
= Many people don’t take the bus. Instead,
they drive to work.
= Many people don’t take the bus, but drive
to work instead.
(5) 補充句型：rather than
|
① Instead of + V-ing..., S + V...（不…而…）
= Rather than + V-ing..., S + V...
|
說明：Instead of（參考課文句型）置於句首的用法，亦可用rather than置於句首之用法代換，此時rather than視為介系詞片語，後方結構通常是「動名詞」。
‧Instead of complaining all the time, Max should
do something to solve his problems.
= Rather than complaining all the time, Max should
do something to solve his problems.
|
② S +
V... rather than...（…而不…）
|
說明：rather than常置於句中，為對等連接詞，前後連接兩個詞性、時態、單複數等皆一致的字詞，表「不願、不要、不是」。
‧He left on Sunday rather
than on Monday .
‧She sang rather than
danced at the party.
‧In Taiwan
|
③ would +
VR... rather than + VR... （寧願…而不願…）
|
‧I would suffer hardship myself rather
than ask my friends for help.
‧I would live on my own rather
than depend on my parents.
補充練習
A. 語法測驗：句子合併與改寫
1. I didn’t go shopping.
I stayed home reading a novel.
→ Instead
of________________________
__________________________________ .
2. Harold didn’t go to bed early.
Harold stayed up playing video games.
→ Instead
of________________________
__________________________________ .
3. Smith didn’t tell me the truth.
Smith told me a lie.
→_______________________________ ;
instead,__________________________ .
4. Instead of opening
the door of communication, they closed it.
→________________________________
but__________________________ instead.
5. Instead of going
to school, Jeff went to an Internet café.
→_______________________________ ;
instead,_________________________ .
B. 句型翻譯
1. 我沒有搭公車，而是走路回家。
________________________________ ,
I walked home.
2. 這個男子沒有幫助我，反而欺騙我。
Instead of ______________________
_______________________________ .
3. 許多人開車上班而不搭捷運。（instead）
Many people drive to
work ________
_______________________________ .
4. 成功之關鍵是努力而不是好運。（rather than）
The key to success_________________
_______________________________ .
5. 帶來快樂的是健康而不是財富。（rather than）
It is ___________________________
that brings
happiness.
參考答案：
A.
1. going shopping, I
stayed home reading a novel
2. going to bed
early, Harold stayed up playing video games
3. Smith didn’t tell
me the truth; he told me a lie
4. They didn’t open
the door of communication; closed it
5. Jeff didn’t go to
school; he went to an Internet café
B.
1. Instead of taking
a bus
2. helping me, this
man cheated me
3. instead of taking
the MRT
4. is hard work
rather than good luck
5. health rather than
wealth
|
Focal Point 2
By the time + S +
V-ed, S + had P.P.
By the time + S +
V, S + will have P.P.
|
|
教學建議
本單元在介紹主要子句與副詞子句動詞時態之對應關係。By the
time...（到…時候）與When...（當…時候）語意近似。
教學順序建議如下：
(1)
複習when子句的時態對應關係。
(2)
說明By the time子句的時態對應關係。
|
(1) 複習句型：When + S + V...
|
① When +
S + V-s/es..., S + will + VR... 當…時，將會…
② When +
S + V-ed, S + was/were + V-ing... 當…時，正在…
③ When +
S + V-ed, S + had P.P. 當…時，已經…
|
‧When love is gone, you will
find life is empty.
[現在—未來]
‧When you grow up, perhaps you’ll meet many challenges in
your life.
[現在—未來]
‧When Tom got home, his Mom was preparing a delicious dinner
for him.
[過去—過去進行]
‧When the phone rang, the Smiths
were dining and watching TV in the kitchen.
[過去—過去進行]
‧When we arrived at the airport,
the plane had taken off.
[過去—過去完成]
‧When Tim went to the doctor, he
had (already) been sick for a week.
[過去—過去完成]
(2) 課文句型：過去&過去完成式
|
By the time + S +
V-ed, S + had + P.P.
|
說明：
本句型裡的by the time為表示時間的從屬連接詞片語，意思是「在某個特定時間之前，某事早就已經發生或完成」，因此by the
time所引導的子句通常用過去簡單式，後面的主要子句的動詞則常用過去完成式。
‧By the time I was
six years old, I had learned how to skate.
‧By the time I entered
senior high school, I had been to Japan three times.
‧By the time Billy called
me to invite me for dinner, I had already eaten.
(3) 課文句型：現在&未來完成式
|
① By the
time + S + V, S + will have P.P.
② By + （未來）時間, S + will have P.P.
|
說明：
此句型可用在表示未來的情境中， 意思為「到……時，已經……」。by the
time所引導的子句通常用現在簡單式表未來，主要子句的動詞則用未來完成式，強調未來將完成的事。
‧By the time Neil returns
home from work, his family will have gone to bed.
‧By the time Tony finishes
his latest novel, he will already have become famous.
‧By the end of this
year, I will have worked for this company for fifteen years.
補充練習
翻譯填充：
1. 在Tina 打開生日禮物之前，她的眼睛就已充滿淚水了。
_______________________________ ,
her eyes had already
filled with tears.
2. 在這家百貨公司打烊前，所有的商品都賣完了。
_______________________________ ,
all their goods had
been sold out.
3. 在這則新聞播報之前，我就已知道這消息了。
By the time this news
was reported,___ .
4. 在A-mei站上舞台之前，音樂廳（the music hall）將已經擠滿了粉絲。
By the time A-mei
goes onto the stage, .
5. 在2050年之前人類將會已經把石油用完（use up）了。
By 2050,_______________________ .
參考答案：
1. By the time Tina
opened her birthday gift
2. By the time the
department store closed
3. I had already
heard about it
4. the music hall
will have been filled with fans
5. human beings will
have used up all the oil
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