Unit 5: Free Hugs for All

Unit 5: Free Hugs for All (E)

Reading

1	在2004年6月30日，澳洲青年胡安‧曼恩抵達了雪梨機場。因為一些私人問題，他必須離開倫敦而回到自己的家鄉。當他一抵達機場時，他注意到那裡的許多人都很興奮地等待他們的朋友或家人。這一切讓曼恩覺得非常孤單及沮喪，因為沒有人在那裡等著與他碰面。對他而言，隻身抵達機場是很令人沮喪的。
	[Question] Why did Mann feel lonely and depressed? [Answer] He felt lonely and depressed because ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________.

[1-1] Because of some personal problems, he needed to leave London and returned to his hometown.

文法一點通

because of + NP → because + S + V.... 介系詞片語because of + NP可與從屬子句because + S + V....作互換。需要特別注意的是：because後面要接一個完整子句，而because of則要接名詞或名詞片語。例： ‧I went to the party because of Ken’s invitation.   → I went to the party ________ Ken invited me. 因為Ken邀請我，我去了這場派對。

[1-2] On his arrival at the airport, he noticed that many people there were waiting                excitedly for their friends or family.

    這裡的介系詞on可用upon取代，後面不僅可以接名詞，還可以接動名詞，表示      「當某人一抵達……時」。這裡指稱的主詞須與後面主要子句的主詞一致。例：

   ‧________ her arrival in Tokyo, Emily gave her parents a call.

     → ________ arriving in Tokyo, Emily gave her parents a call.

        一抵達東京，Emily就打電話給雙親。

[1-3] This made Mann feel lonely and depressed because no one was waiting there to            meet him.

    此為make + O + V的使役動詞用法，表示「使……，讓……」。例：

‧Diane often makes her brother ________ drinks for her.

  Diane時常要她弟弟買飲料給她。

2	突然間，曼恩知道某個東西或許能讓這些糟糕的感覺消失：一個單純、安慰的擁抱。他拿出厚紙板和黑色麥克筆，然後做了一個告示牌，上面寫著：「免費擁抱」。接著，他決定選擇一條忙碌的城市街道，將他的標語展示給那裡的人們看。藉由這麼做，他希望可以得到一個溫暖的擁抱，就算是來自一個陌生人也好。
	[Question] By standing on a busy city street and showing his sign to the people there, what did Mann hope to get? [Answer] He hoped that he would get a ________ ________, even from a stranger.

[2-1] Suddenly, Mann knew what might make these terrible feelings go away: a simple,           comforting hug.

what在此為複合關係代名詞，等於the thing(s) which/that的用法，故這裡可改寫

為...knew the thing which/that might make....。例：

‧Billy told me ________ he had done yesterday.
Billy告訴我他昨晚做了什麼。

‧________ I want is only some words of comfort.
我所想要的只是一些安慰的話語。

[2-2] “Free Hugs,” the sign read.     

          read在此作「寫著……，有……字樣」之意。在英文中，表示告示牌、標誌、標  籤和廣告上「寫著」東西的動詞須用read或say，而非write。例：

          ‧The sign on the wall ________, “No Parking.”
              牆上的告示寫著「禁止停車」。

[2-3] By doing so, he hoped that he would get a warm hug, even from a stranger.     

     even在此為強調語氣，表示「就算   (……也可以)」。例：

     ‧I’m so hungry. I can ________ eat the whole pizza.
我好餓，就算吃掉一整個披薩也可以。  

3	起先，曼恩帶著告示牌耐心地等待著。他並不意外大多數的人只是經過並且忽略他。然後，令他開心的是，一位老婦人停下來而且告訴他她的故事。她告訴曼恩她的狗在那天早上稍早才過世。她也提到她的獨生女在去年的同一天死於車禍。這婦人看起來孤獨且悲傷，所以曼恩伸出手臂並建議他們擁抱一下。然後，他們在這忙碌的街道上給彼此一個大大的擁抱。幾分鐘後，他和這位婦人兩人都帶著微笑道別。
	[Question] What did Mann do after listening to the elderly lady’s story?   [Answer] He reached out his arms and suggested that ______________________ ___________________________________________________________.

[3-1] At first, Mann waited patiently with his sign.

(1) at first = in the beginning　起先，一開始

 ‧________ ________, Davis and I disliked each other, but little by little, we became  good friends.

起先，Davis和我互相討厭。但漸漸地，我們成了好友。

      (2) with在此作「帶著……」解。例：

       ‧The police officer ________ a gun ran after the thief.

那位配槍的警察追捕竊賊。

[3-2] He was not too surprised that most people just passed by and ignored him.

surprised為「感到驚訝的」之意。

字詞搭配

be surprised + at/by + N　對……感到驚訝 be surprised + to V　驚訝於…… be surprised + that + S + V　驚訝於…… ‧We were surprised ________ the boy’s rude behavior.   我們都對這男孩的粗魯行為感到驚訝。 ‧Selena was surprised ________ find some money under the sofa. Selena沒想到會在沙發底下找到錢。 ‧Roger was surprised ________ he had passed the English exam. Roger沒想到他會通過英文考試。

[3-3] Then, to his delight, an elderly lady stopped and told him her story.

此為「to + one’s + 情緒名詞」的用法，意指「令某人感到……的是」，通常放在句首修飾整個句子，以表示某人強烈的情緒。情緒名詞像是delight, joy, excitement, surprise, relief, amazement, disappointment和despair等皆可套入此用法中。例：

‧________ ________ delight, Judy came to his birthday party.

 令Terry感到欣喜的是，Judy來他的生日派對。

‧________ ________ disappointment, the baseball game was canceled because of the heavy rain.

 令Nick感到失望的是，棒球比賽因為大雨取消了。

[3-4] She also said that her only daughter had been killed in a car accident on the same        day the year before.

(1) 由於had been killed這個動作也是發生在said之前，所以用過去完成式。

      (2) ...had been killed....

字詞搭配

S + had + been + Vpp 此為過去完成式的被動語態，表示「(在過去) 被……」。例： ‧The light ________ ________ turned off when I came into the room.   當我進房間時，燈已經關了。

[3-5] The lady looked lonely and sad, so Mann reached out his arms and suggested that   

          they share a hug.

(1) ...looked lonely and sad....

文法一點通

S + Vi (look/feel/taste/smell/sound) + SC 感官動詞屬於不完全不及物動詞，又稱為連綴動詞，其後不接受詞，但是因為本身意思不完整，故須接主詞補語。感官動詞後面可直接用形容詞作主詞補語，形容事物的狀態、氣味、觸感和口感等。例： ‧Your new hairstyle ________ good.   你的新髮型看起來很好。 ‧The idea ________ interesting.   這想法聽起來很有趣。

          (2) ...reached out his arms....

       reach out one’s hand/arm (+ to V) 表示「伸出手 (去)……」。例：

       ‧Dora ________ ________ her hand to touch her pet cat.

         Dora伸出手摸她的貓。

[3-6] A few minutes later, he and the lady both parted with a smile.

a few表示「幾個，有一些」，後接複數可數名詞。

字詞辨義

(1) 形容可數名詞 a few + 可數名詞        一些，幾個…… (有肯定含意) few + 可數名詞           只有一些，只有幾個…… (有否定含意) ‧I have ________ ________ friends in this school. 我在這間學校有一些朋友。 ‧Greg is very selfish, so he has ________ friends. Grey非常自私，所以他沒有幾個朋友。 (2) 形容不可數名詞 a little + 不可數名詞　 一些，一點點…… (有肯定含意) little + 不可數名詞        極少量，幾乎沒有…… (有否定含意) ‧Don’t worry. We still have ________ ________ time. 別擔心，我們還有一點時間。 ‧The seriously ill man only has ________ hope. 那位身染重病的先生幾乎沒有希望了。

4	在這之後，曼恩感覺好多了。他開始瞭解到擁抱陌生人會對這人造成重大影響。他想要為自己尋找安慰，但最後卻僅僅靠著打開自己的心房而安慰了其他的人。胡安‧曼恩於是建議世界各地的人加入他的「免費擁抱」活動來提供安慰給陌生人。一個擁抱，他現在知道，是大有影響的。
	[Question] What did Mann begin to understand after he hugged the elderly lady? [Answer] He began to understand that ___________________________________ ___________________________________________________________.

[4-1] much在此為修飾比較級的程度副詞，其他常見修飾比較級的副詞有even, far, a lot,    a little和a bit等。例：

‧The price of the meal is ________ more expensive than we expected.
這一餐的價格貴得超乎我們所預期。

[4-2] by在此表示「藉由……，透過……」，為介系詞，後接名詞或動名詞。例：

‧I had a conversation with Roger ________ phone.
我透過電話和Roger交談。

‧We celebrated Alan’s birthday ________ eating out in a Japanese restaurant.
我們藉著去日本餐廳用餐，慶祝Alan的生日。

[4-3] One hug, he now knows, can go a long, long way.

(1) he now knows為插入語，此句亦可改寫如下：He now knows that one hug

       can go a long, long way.。

      (2) (a little of sth) goes a long way　(少量的某物卻) 大有成效

  ‧I believe that a little of your help can ________ ________ ________ ________.
  我相信你幫的這些忙一定大有成效。