Unit 6: Inventing a Better World

Unit 6: Inventing a Better World (E)

Reading

1	你是否曾想過是什麼促使人們發明新的東西？如接下來的故事所呈現，人們有時候想要有用的東西，而其他時候他們只是為了好玩而已。
	[Question] What leads people to invent something new? [Answer] Sometimes people want something ________, while other times they just want to ________ ________.

[1-1] Have you ever wondered [what leads people to invent something new?]

what leads people to invent something new為間接問句，亦為名詞子句，作wonder的受詞，且間接問句不倒裝。例：

‧I wondered ________ the boy was laughing about.

我想知道這名男孩在笑什麼。

[1-2] As the following stories show, sometimes people want something useful, while other times they just want to have fun.

(1) as在此為連接詞，表示「如同……」。例：

‧________ the proverb goes, “Time is ________.”
俗話說，「時間就是金錢」。

(2) while為連接詞，表示「然而……」之意，用來強調前後兩個句子的對比關係。例：

‧In this class, some students like playing basketball, ________ the others like playing volleyball.
在這個班級中，有些學生喜歡打籃球，而其他學生則喜歡打排球。

2	當1929年華爾街金融風暴發生時，世界經濟進入了艱困時期。在那幾年當中，有很多人失業。查爾斯‧達洛是其中的一位。有一天，達洛回憶起過去他和他太太有錢能夠造訪他們最愛的地方──大西洋城──的美好時光。然後，他在一塊板子上寫下這個城市的一些街名。之後他加上更多的地點，像是火車站和發電廠。他也將每個地方貼上價格標籤，並製作一些卡片跟玩具紙鈔。這就是「地產大亨」這個遊戲的起源。

[Question] What happened to Charles Darrow during the Wall Street Crash of 1929 when the world economy entered tough times? [Answer] During those years, Charles Darrow ________ his ________.

[2-1] Darrow remembered the good times [when he and his wife could afford to pay a visit to their favorite place, Atlantic City.]

(1) when = in which，為「關係副詞」，用以修飾表時間的先行詞the good times。

文法一點通

...N + when/why/where + S + V... 關係副詞是兼具有連接詞作用的副詞，引導形容詞子句，修飾表時間、理由或地點的先行詞。例： ‧Jeremy can’t remember the exact date ________ he and his girlfriend first met. Jeremy想不起他和女友第一次見面的正確日期。 ‧Do you know the reason ________ Anna didn’t go to school today? 你知道Anna今天沒去上學的原因嗎？ ‧This is the place ________ I met my true love. 這裡就是我遇見真愛的地方。

(2) Atlantic City為同位語，用來補充說明前面的名詞their favorite place，讓句意更加完整。

‧Let me introduce you ________ ________, Jane.
讓我向您介紹我的太太，Jane。

[2-2] He wrote down some of the city’s street names on a board.

write down表示「寫下……」，當受詞為代名詞時，則必須置於write和down之間。例：

‧Emily gave Max her phone number by ________ it ________ on a paper napkin.

Emily藉由紙巾寫下她的電話號碼給Max。

3	在這個遊戲中，玩家能夠從幾乎一無所有開始到最後擁有大部分的城市。這在那時是個令人欣慰的想法。雖然人們在現實中很窮困，但是他們在遊戲中可以致富。因此，許多人開始玩這個遊戲。地產大亨從此變成世界上最受歡迎的遊戲之一。

[Question] What made people start to play Monopoly? [Answer] Although people at that time were poor ________ ________, they could become ________ in the game.

[3-1] In this game, a player could start out with very little and end up owning large parts of the city.

(1) with在此表示「帶有」。例：

‧The cute boy looked at me ________ a smile.
這個可愛的小男孩帶著微笑看著我。

(2) little在此為代名詞，表示「極少的財產」。例：

‧Although we have ________, we are very content.
雖然我們擁有的很少，但我們非常知足。

(3) end up + V-ing表示「以……結束」。例：

‧Although Percy planned to go to the movies, he ended up ________ online games at home.
雖然Percy計畫去看電影，但他最後還是在家裡玩線上遊戲。

[3-2] Monopoly has since become one of the most popular games in the world.

since在此為副詞用法，後面不接名詞。例：

‧Ashley left her hometown in 1995 and has not returned there ________.
Ashley在1995年離開家鄉，從此再也沒有回去過。

4	另一個具有創意的發明家是鄧鴻吉。他以「臺灣愛迪生」這個稱號聞名。當鄧還是高職生時，他在一間工廠當技工。有一天，他正在使用工廠的洗手間。然而，他不想要用他的髒手去碰水龍頭。為了解決這個問題，他決定設計一種特別的水龍頭。
	[Question] Who is known as “Taiwan’s Edison?” [Answer] ________ ________ is known as “Taiwan’s Edison.”

[4-1] He is known as “Taiwan’s Edison.”

字詞辨義

be known/famous as sth表示「以…… (身分等) 而著稱」。例： ‧Cupid is ________ ________ “the god of love.” 邱比特以「愛之神」而著稱。 be known/famous for sth則表示「以…… (特質等) 而聞名」。例： ‧Tainan is ________ ________ many historic sites and delicious snacks. 台南以許多歷史景點及美味小吃而聞名。

[4-2] When Teng was a vocational high school student, he worked as a mechanic in a factory.
as在此為介系詞，表示「以……的身分」。例：

‧Dana works ________ a secretary in the company.
Dana在這間公司當秘書。

[4-3] To solve this problem, he decided to design a special faucet.

to solve...為不定詞，表示目的，可代換為in order to solve...。例：

‧To ________ some weight, Simon spends one hour exercising every day.

為了減重，Simon每天花一小時運動。

5	然後鄧努力地把這個想法付諸實行。不久之後，一種新型的水龍頭就問世了。它是由內建的感應裝置所控制的水龍頭，不用碰觸就可以運作。這位年輕的發明家之後將這項發明的專利權以新台幣一百五十萬元賣出。現今對人們來說，鄧的水龍頭是最有用的發明物之一。
	[Question] What was Teng’s new faucet controlled by? [Answer] Teng’s new faucet ________ ________ ________ a built-in sensing ________.

[5-1] It was controlled by a built-in sensing device and could work without being touched.

without為介系詞，表示「不用……，沒有……」，後多接名詞或動名詞 (V-ing)。例：

‧The old lady can’t see clearly ________ her glasses.
老婦人沒有眼鏡無法看清楚。

‧Tom left ________ saying goodbye.　Tom離開的時候沒有說再見。

[5-2] This young inventor later sold the rights to his invention for NT$1.5 million.

rights在這裡為「版權，專利權」之意，多用複數，且the rights to sth表示「某物的版權/專利權」。例：

‧According to the news report, the author sold the film rights ________ his novel for eight million NT dollars.

根據新聞報導，這名作家將小說的電影版權以八百萬元台幣賣出。

6	如同你所見到的，偉大的發明家通常從他們自身的日常生活經驗中得到發明的點子。因此，下次你遭遇到問題時，試著想出解決它的方法。或許你的創意也會幫助你成為一位偉大的發明家。
	[Question] How do great inventors get ideas? [Answer] Great inventors often get ideas _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________.

[6-1] As you can see, great inventors often get ideas from their own experiences in their daily lives.

此處的as也是連接詞，表示「如同……」。例：

‧________ you know, Carmen will move to Hualien next month.
如同你所知道的，Cameron下個月將搬到花蓮。

[6-2] The next time you have a problem, try to think of a way to solve it.

(1) (the) next time為從屬連接詞，後面接子句，表示「下一次，下回」。例：

‧________ ________ you come to Taiwan, I will show you around some famous night markets.
下次你來台灣，我會帶你去一些知名的夜市逛逛。

(2) think of = come up with，表示「想出 (方法等)」。例：

‧The little girl is trying to ________ ________ a name for her pet dog.
這名小女孩正試著為她的寵物狗想名字。