Unit 4: Fast Food or Fatty Food?
(I)
Reading
1
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現今,速食風靡全球,並有許多人非常喜愛。然而,根據一項研究報告,每週吃超過兩次速食的人要比每週吃不到一次的人更容易變胖。另一項研究則顯示,小小年紀就開始吃油膩食物的兒童更有可能變得不健康。
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[Question]
What may happen if children start to eat fast food at an early age?
[Answer]
According to a study, children who _____________________________
________________________________________________.
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[1-1] these days
= today = nowadays = the present (day),表示「現今,當今」。例:
‧__________________________________________________________________
現今,許多人無法離開網路生活。
[1-2] ...people
[who eat fast food more than twice a week]...those [who eat it
less than once a week].
(1) who eat...a week和who eat it...a week均為限定用法的關係子句,分別修飾先行
詞people和those。
(2)
more than為「超過」之意,可用over代換。例:
‧Susan has been studying
French for ________ ________
ten years.
Susan學習法語已經超過十年了。
(3) those who... = people who...,表示「……的人們」,指稱一般的狀態;those為指
示代名詞,在此作先行詞,被who所引導的關係子句修飾。例:
‧__________________________________________________________________
違反校規的人會被處罰。
[1-3] ...at an early age
are more likely to become unhealthy.
at/from an early age = at a very young age,表示「在/從很小的時候」。例:
‧____________________________________________________________________
at/from an early age = at a very young age,表示「在/從很小的時候」。例:
‧____________________________________________________________________
Wilson從很小的時候就開始彈鋼琴。
2
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以下為食用速食會如何損害身體健康的真實案例。在2003年,美國獨立製片導演摩根‧史柏路克做了一個有趣但令人震驚的實驗。為了找出速食如何影響人體的健康,史柏路克連續30天都在麥當勞吃三餐。在食用了一個月的奶昔、漢堡和薯條後,他發現他的體重增加了大約
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[Question]
Why did Spurlock eat three meals a day at McDonald’s for one month?
[Answer]
He did this to _______________________________________________.
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[2-1] [Here is a real example
of how eating fast food can damage one’s health].
(1) 此為here置於句首的倒裝句構。
文法一點通
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Here/There + be/V + S
這是以地方副詞為首的倒裝句型,句中的主詞與動詞須倒裝;但若主詞為代名詞時,主詞和動詞則不須倒裝。例:
‧________________________________________________
這是你要的票。
‧There it is.
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(2) how eating fast food...health為間接問句用法,故須用直述句語序。
[2-2] To find out [how
fast food would affect...].
(1) To = In order to,表示「為了」之意。
(1) To = In order to,表示「為了」之意。
(2) how fast food...是由疑問詞how引導的間接問句,作find out的受詞。
[2-3] ...a movie [which
was called Super Size Me].
(1) which was called Super Size Me為限定用法的關係子句,修飾先行詞a movie。
(1) which was called Super Size Me為限定用法的關係子句,修飾先行詞a movie。
(2) A be called B表示「A被稱為B」之意。例:
‧__________________________________________________________________
Kate的寵物貓被叫做Taffy。
[2-4]
Since more and more people in Asia....
(1) since在此為表原因的從屬連接詞,可用as或because替換。例:
‧________ you are free, why not go hiking
with us?
既然你有空,為何不跟我們去健行?
(2) more and
more...表示「越來越多的……」,後面可接可數或不可數名詞。例:
‧__________________________________________________________________
如今越來越多人成了樂活的支持者了。
補充
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表達「越來越少」的情況則有下列區別:
less and less + 不可數名詞
fewer and fewer + 複數可數名詞
‧Because
it didn’t rain a lot, people could use ________ ________ ________
water.
因為沒下什麼雨,人們能用的水越來越少。
‧_______________________________________________________________
那間餐廳的食物不好,所以越來越少顧客上門用餐。
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3
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雖然所有鼎鼎大名的速食業者—麥當勞、肯德基、漢堡王—都來自美國,但比起美國人,現今有更多的亞洲人在這些速食餐廳用餐。有個重要的理由解釋為何速食在亞洲如此受歡迎。現今許多亞洲人忙於學業及工作,所以他們很少在家用餐。他們選擇吃速食是因為它可輕易取代自製餐點。然而,不像大部分的亞洲食物,麥當勞等餐廳所販售的食物含有過多的鹽分及油脂。因此,有越來越多的亞洲人變胖。在台灣,至少有百分之三十的兒童每週吃一次速食,且有超過百分之二十五的兒童超重。
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[Question]
Why is fast food so popular in Asia?
[Answer]
Today, many Asians are ________ ________ work, so they ________
eat at home. They choose to eat fast food to replace homemade meals.
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[3-1] ...are busy with
school and work....
be busy with + N = be busy + Ving,表示「忙於……」之意。例:
be busy with + N = be busy + Ving,表示「忙於……」之意。例:
‧ While my mother is ________________________________,
________________ my homework.
當我媽媽忙著煮晚餐時,我正忙著寫回家作業。
[3-2] ...a lot more
salt and fat.
a lot表示「更加」之意,用來修飾比較級,強調比較的程度。例:
a lot表示「更加」之意,用來修飾比較級,強調比較的程度。例:
‧ Karen’s younger brother is _____________________________________________.
Karen的弟弟比她更重。
[3-3] As a
result, more and more Asians are getting fat.
as a result = therefore = thus,作「因此」解,為表示因果關係的副詞片語。例:
‧Judy forgot to water
the flowers, and ________ ________ ________, they died.
Judy忘了澆花,因此,它們都枯萎了。
4
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有沒有任何方法可以阻止這種食用高油脂食物的趨勢呢?有些顧客抱怨速食讓他們變胖。他們認為他們應該被警告關於速食對健康所造成的風險。這些抱怨或許能迫使速食餐廳在菜單上做一些改變。事實上,許多速食餐廳現在開始在菜單上標示卡路里。它們甚至供應沙拉及新鮮水果以吸引更多的客人。或許現在是大家減少油膩食物,開始健康飲食的好時機。
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[Question]
Do fast-food restaurants make changes because of the customers’ complaints?
[Answer]
Yes, many fast-food restaurant now list ________
________ on their
menus and even offer __________________________________
attract
more customers.
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[4-1] ...fast
food makes them fat.
文法一點通
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make + O + OC (Adj/N)
make 為不完全及物動詞,接了受詞後,後面還需接形容詞或名詞作受詞補語,表示「使……覺得/成為……」。例:
‧_______________________________________________________________
Percy粗魯的行為令爸爸生氣。
‧_______________________________________________________________
這部動作片使這位年輕演員成為巨星。
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[4-2]
...make some changes to their menus.
make a change to sth表示「改變某物」。例:
‧_______________________________________________________________
Vera 在交出報告之前,改了一些地方。
[4-3]
Maybe it’s time for everyone to cut down on fatty food....
(1) ...it’s time for everyone....
文法一點通
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it’s time (for sb) to V/for N
是(某人)……的時候了
‧Hurry
up! ________________________________
快點!是時候該走了。
‧It’s
time ________ dinner.
是吃晚餐的時候了。
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(2) cut down on為 「減少,削減」之意。例:
‧_______________________________________________________________
醫生要求病人少喝酒抽菸。
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