2019年8月7日 星期三

Book 2 Unit 4: Fast Food or Fatty Food? (I)


Unit 4: Fast Food or Fatty Food? (I)

Reading
1

  現今,速食風靡全球,並有許多人非常喜愛。然而,根據一項研究報告,每週吃超過兩次速食的人要比每週吃不到一次的人更容易變胖。另一項研究則顯示,小小年紀就開始吃油膩食物的兒童更有可能變得不健康。
[Question] What may happen if children start to eat fast food at an early age?
[Answer] According to a study, children who _____________________________
        ________________________________________________.
[1-1] these days = today = nowadays = the present (day),表示「現今,當今」。例:
__________________________________________________________________
現今,許多人無法離開網路生活。
[1-2] ...people [who eat fast food more than twice a week]...those [who eat it less than once a week].  
(1) who eat...a weekwho eat it...a week均為限定用法的關係子句,分別修飾先行
   peoplethose
(2) more than為「超過」之意,可用over代換。例:
Susan has been studying French for ________ ________ ten years.
 Susan學習法語已經超過十年了。
    (3) those who... = people who...,表示「……的人們」,指稱一般的狀態;those為指
       示代名詞,在此作先行詞,被who所引導的關係子句修飾。例:
__________________________________________________________________
   違反校規的人會被處罰。
[1-3] ...at an early age are more likely to become unhealthy.
     at/from an early age = at a very young age,表示「在/從很小的時候」。例:
    
____________________________________________________________________
  Wilson從很小的時候就開始彈鋼琴。


2

以下為食用速食會如何損害身體健康的真實案例。在2003年,美國獨立製片導演摩根‧史柏路克做了一個有趣但令人震驚的實驗。為了找出速食如何影響人體的健康,史柏路克連續30天都在麥當勞吃三餐。在食用了一個月的奶昔、漢堡和薯條後,他發現他的體重增加了大約11公斤。他也開始飽受肝臟損害及嚴重情緒波動的折磨。之後,史柏路克將他的飲食經驗拍成一部名為《麥胖報告》的電影。由於越來越多亞洲人食用速食,《麥胖報告》這部電影他們應該要看。
[Question] Why did Spurlock eat three meals a day at McDonald’s for one month?
[Answer] He did this to _______________________________________________.
[2-1] [Here is a real example of how eating fast food can damage one’s health].
(1) 此為here置於句首的倒裝句構。
文法一點通
Here/There + be/V + S
這是以地方副詞為首的倒裝句型,句中的主詞與動詞須倒裝;但若主詞為代名詞時,主詞和動詞則不須倒裝。例:
________________________________________________
這是你要的票。
There it is.
(2) how eating fast food...health為間接問句用法,故須用直述句語序。
[2-2] To find out [how fast food would affect...].
(1) To = In order to
,表示「為了」之意。
(2) how fast food...是由疑問詞how引導的間接問句,作find out的受詞。
[2-3] ...a movie [which was called Super Size Me].
(1) which was called Super Size Me
為限定用法的關係子句,修飾先行詞a movie
(2) A be called B表示「A被稱為B」之意。例:
__________________________________________________________________
         Kate的寵物貓被叫做Taffy
[2-4] Since more and more people in Asia....
(1) since在此為表原因的從屬連接詞,可用asbecause替換。例:
________ you are free, why not go hiking with us?
         既然你有空,為何不跟我們去健行?
   (2) more and more...表示「越來越多的……」,後面可接可數或不可數名詞。例:
__________________________________________________________________
   如今越來越多人成了樂活的支持者了。
補充
表達「越來越少」的情況則有下列區別:
less and less + 不可數名詞
fewer and fewer + 複數可數名詞
Because it didn’t rain a lot, people could use ________ ________ ________
water.
因為沒下什麼雨,人們能用的水越來越少。
_______________________________________________________________
那間餐廳的食物不好,所以越來越少顧客上門用餐。



3
  雖然所有鼎鼎大名的速食業者麥當勞、肯德基、漢堡王都來自美國,但比起美國人,現今有更多的亞洲人在這些速食餐廳用餐。有個重要的理由解釋為何速食在亞洲如此受歡迎。現今許多亞洲人忙於學業及工作,所以他們很少在家用餐。他們選擇吃速食是因為它可輕易取代自製餐點。然而,不像大部分的亞洲食物,麥當勞等餐廳所販售的食物含有過多的鹽分及油脂。因此,有越來越多的亞洲人變胖。在台灣,至少有百分之三十的兒童每週吃一次速食,且有超過百分之二十五的兒童超重。
[Question] Why is fast food so popular in Asia?  
[Answer] Today, many Asians are ________ ________ work, so they ________ eat at home. They choose to eat fast food to replace homemade meals.
[3-1] ...are busy with school and work....
     be busy with + N = be busy + V­ing,表示「忙於……」之意。例:
    While my mother is ________________________________, ________________ my homework.
當我媽媽忙著煮晚餐時,我正忙著寫回家作業。
[3-2] ...a lot more salt and fat.  
     a lot表示「更加」之意,用來修飾比較級,強調比較的程度。例:
    Karen’s younger brother is _____________________________________________.
Karen的弟弟比她更重。
[3-3] As a result, more and more Asians are getting fat.  
as a result = therefore = thus,作「因此」解,為表示因果關係的副詞片語。例:
Judy forgot to water the flowers, and ________ ________ ________, they died.
       Judy忘了澆花,因此,它們都枯萎了。


4
  有沒有任何方法可以阻止這種食用高油脂食物的趨勢呢?有些顧客抱怨速食讓他們變胖。他們認為他們應該被警告關於速食對健康所造成的風險。這些抱怨或許能迫使速食餐廳在菜單上做一些改變。事實上,許多速食餐廳現在開始在菜單上標示卡路里。它們甚至供應沙拉及新鮮水果以吸引更多的客人。或許現在是大家減少油膩食物,開始健康飲食的好時機。
[Question] Do fast-food restaurants make changes because of the customers’ complaints?
[Answer] Yes, many fast-food restaurant now list ________ ________ on their
menus and even offer __________________________________ attract
more customers.
[4-1] ...fast food makes them fat.
文法一點通
make + O + OC (Adj/N)
make 為不完全及物動詞,接了受詞後,後面還需接形容詞或名詞作受詞補語,表示「使……覺得/成為……」。例:
_______________________________________________________________
Percy粗魯的行為令爸爸生氣。
_______________________________________________________________
  這部動作片使這位年輕演員成為巨星。
[4-2] ...make some changes to their menus.
     make a change to sth表示「改變某物」。例:
_______________________________________________________________
   Vera 在交出報告之前,改了一些地方。
[4-3] Maybe it’s time for everyone to cut down on fatty food....  
(1) ...it’s time for everyone....
文法一點通
it’s time (for sb) to V/for N 
(某人)……的時候了
Hurry up! ________________________________
快點!是時候該走了。
It’s time ________ dinner.
  是吃晚餐的時候了。
(2) cut down on 「減少,削減」之意。例: 
_______________________________________________________________
     醫生要求病人少喝酒抽菸。

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