Unit 27
adjective [`ædʒɪktɪv]
n. 形容詞
The word
beautiful is an adjective. / beautiful 一詞是形容詞。
adverb [`ædvɚb]
n. 副詞
Quickly ,
rapidly and immediately are all adverbs.
/ quickly（快地）、rapidly（迅速地）及 immediately（立刻）都是副詞。
anniversary [͵ænə`vɝsərɪ]
n. 週年紀念
My parents
invited their friends to their 30th wedding anniversary. / 我父母親邀請朋友來參加他倆的結婚 30 週年紀念。
annual [`ænjʊəl]
a. 每年的，年度的，一年的
同義字：yearly
[`jɪrlɪ] a. 一年一度的
Labor Day is an
annual holiday in many countries. / 在許多國家，勞動節每年都有放假。
What's your
annual income? / 你年收入是多少？
annually [`ænjʊəlɪ]
adv. 每年
同義字：yearly
[`jɪrlɪ] adv. 每年，一年一度
That company
imports one million tons of oranges annually. / 那家公司每年進口一百萬噸的柳橙。
applicant [`æpləkənt]
n. 申請者
There were more
than 300 applicants for the job as a dog catcher. / 這份捕狗員的工作有
300 多名申請者。
application
[͵æplə`keʃən] n. 應用，運用，申請
衍生字：apply
[ə`plaɪ] vt. 應用；塗、擦（藥膏）& vi. 適用；應徵，申請 ②；apply for admission to a university 申請入學某大學；applicable
[`æplɪkəbḷ] a. 適用的，合適的 ⑥
The application
of the new data led to the success of the mission. / 這些新資訊的運用使得任務順利達成。
It seems that
this information has no practical application. / 這項訊息似乎沒有實際效用。
Could you tell
me how to fill out this application (form) for admission to that university? / 你可以告訴我怎麼填寫那所大學的入學申請表格嗎？
arise [ə`raɪz]
vi. 產生，形成 (時態：arise, arose [ə`roz] , arisen [ə`rɪzṇ])
衍生字：arise
from... 起因於⋯ = result from...
His failure
arose from laziness. = His failure resulted from laziness. / 他的失敗起因於懶惰。
比較：raise
[rez] vt. 舉起；提升；養育、rise [raɪz] vi. 上升；起立
arouse [ə`raʊz]
vt. 激發，激起，喚醒
Cindy's bold
behavior aroused the interest of the press. / 辛蒂大膽的行徑激起媒體的興趣。
It was about
time to leave, so I aroused my wife from her sleep. / 該是動身的時候了，因此我便把我太太從睡夢中叫醒。
article [`ɑrtɪkḷ] n.
冠詞，文章，條款，物品
同義字：essay
[`ɛse] n. 專文；（學生）作文；object [`ɑbdʒɪkt]
n. 東西，物品
In the English
language, there are definite and indefinite articles. / 在英語中有定冠詞與不定冠詞。
That article is
well written. Who wrote it? / 那篇文章寫得很好。是誰寫的？
Article 12 of
the contract rules that employees wear uniforms on weekdays. / 該合約第 12 條條款規定所有員工上班日期間一律得穿制服。
What are the
articles you have in your bag? / 你袋子裡放的是什麼東西？
用法：article
表『文章』時，多指在報章雜誌刊登的文章；essay 則指『專文』或學生的『作文』（= composition）。
Did you read
that article in the newspaper? / 你看過報上的那篇文章了嗎？
atom [`ætəm] n. 原子
One hundred
million atoms laid side by side are about an inch long. / 一億個原子並排放在一起約有一吋長。
atomic [ə`tɑmɪk] a. 原子的
Most people
oppose the use of atomic energy in Taiwan. / 台灣大多數人反對使用原子能。
auxiliary [ɔg`zɪljərɪ]
n. 助動詞
Words like can ,
may and should are called auxiliaries. / can、may 及 should 這類的字稱為助動詞。
behavior [bɪ`hevjɚ]
n. 行為（不可數）
衍生字：behave
[bɪ`hev] vi. 行為舉止 ③
同義字：deed
[did] n. 行為（可數） ③
Stealing is bad
behavior.（非 a bad behavior） / 偷竊是不好的行為。
campaign
[kæm`pen] n. （社會、宣傳）運動 vi. 從事運動
片語：launch
a campaign 發起一項宣傳活動
They are going
to launch a campaign against corruption. / 他們準備要發起肅貪運動。
These groups campaigned
against child abuse. / 這些團體展開對抗虐童的活動。
career [kə`rɪr]
n. 職業（尤指終身職業）a. 職業的
Ms. Wilson took
up photography as her career. / 魏爾遜女士以攝影作為她的終身職業。
Though a career
woman, Jane never ignores her duty as a housewife. / 阿珍雖然是職業婦女，卻從未忽略她身兼家庭主婦的責任。
延伸：a
career soldier 職業軍人；a career woman 職業婦女
concept [`kɑnsɛpt] n.
觀念，想法
衍生字：conceive
[kən`siv] vt. 構想出，懷有（某想法）
It is difficult
to grasp some of the concepts in Buddhism. / 有些佛學的觀念很難理解。
conjunction [kən`dʒʌŋkʃən]
n. 連接詞
And and but are
conjunctions that connect words or clauses. / 『和』與『但』都是連接詞，用以連接單詞或子句。
construct [kən`strʌkt]
vt. 興建，建造，創造（故事）
同義字：build
[bɪld] vt. 建造；create [krɪ`et] vt. 創造
A new highway is
being constructed. / 一條新的高速公路正在興建中。
This story is
constructed out of several legends. / 這個故事由好幾個傳說創造而成。
construction [͵kən`strʌkʃən]
n. 施工，建造
片語：under
construction 在興建中
We were told to
wear helmets at the construction site. / 在工地時，我們被吩咐戴上安全帽。＊helmet [`hɛlmɪt] n. 頭盔，安全帽
Traffic was slow
due to road construction. / 由於道路施工，車輛通行緩慢。
There are three
new apartments under construction. / 有三棟新的公寓正在施工中。
延伸：a
construction site 工地
constructive [kən`strʌktɪv]
a. 有建設性的
反義字：destructive
[dɪ`strʌktɪv] a. 破壞的；破壞性的
There is nothing
constructive in Peter's opinion. / 彼得的意見一點建設性也沒有。
We welcome any
constructive criticism. / 任何建設性的批評我們都很歡迎。
延伸：constructive
criticism 建設性的批評
council [`kaʊnsḷ]
n. 議會
衍生字：councilman
[`kaʊnsḷmən] n. 議員
Rita sent an
e-mail to the council to complain about air pollution. / 麗塔寄了封電子郵件給議會，抱怨空氣污染一事。
The City Council
met every day last week to disscuss how to cut down on water pollution. / 上星期市議會每天都開會討論減少水污染之道。
延伸：the
City Council 市議會
比較：congress
[`kɑŋgrəs] n. 代表大會；美國國會（大寫）
parliament
[`parləmənt] n. 議會；英國國會（大寫）
declare [dɪ`klɛr]
vt. 宣佈，宣稱
片語：declare
independence 宣佈獨立；declare war on... 向⋯宣戰
衍生字：declaration
[͵dɛklə`reʃən] n. 宣佈；宣言 ⑤
The American
colonies declared independence in 1776. / 美洲殖民地於 1776 年宣佈獨立。
The suspect
declared that he was innocent. / 該嫌犯宣稱他是無辜的。
device [dɪ`vaɪs]
n. 裝置，設計
同義字：machine
[mə`ʃin] n. 機器；gadget [`gædʒɪt] n. 小機器；mechanism [`mɛkə͵nɪzəm] n. 機制，設計
This machine has
a safety device. / 這台機器有一個安全裝置。
The girl on the
magazine cover is a device to get everyone's attention. / 雜誌上的封面女郎是用來引起大家注意的一種設計。
devise [dɪ`vaɪz]
vt. 發明，想出，設計
同義字：create
[krɪ`et] vt. 創造；invent [ɪn`vɛnt] vt. 發明；think up... 想出⋯
For safety's
sake, we'll have to devise a new secret code. / 為了安全起見，我們必須想出一個新的密碼。
It is necessary
that we devise a new system to improve our productivity. / 我們有必要設計一個新制度以提升我們的生產力。
frame [frem] n. 框架，畫框 vt. 裝框，陷害
The frame of the
window is made of iron. / 這扇窗戶的框架是鐵做的。
The frame is
prettier than the picture. / 畫框要比畫作漂亮。
I framed my portrait
and hung it in my room. / 我把我的畫像裝框掛在房間裡。
Tom was framed
for Angela's murder. / 湯姆並非謀害安琪拉的兇手，他是被陷害的。
用法：frame 作及物動詞時，可表『陷害』，有下列用法：frame sb 陷害某人 = set sb up
I was furious
upon learning that my bset friend had framed me.
= I was furious
upon learning that my best friend had set me up. / 一獲知我最好的朋友陷害我時，我氣瘋了。
furthermore [`fɝðɚ͵mɔr]
adv. 而且
I'm upset with
your behavior; furthermore, your grades are terrible. / 你的行為令我不悅，而且你的成績也很爛。
gear [gɪr] n. 裝備（不可數），齒輪（可數）
Uncle George
spent a lot of money on his fishing gear. / 喬治叔叔花了很多錢在釣魚的裝備上。
The gears can
trasmit force from one machine to another. / 齒輪可以把動力從一個機器傳到另一個機器。
用法：gear 亦可作及物動詞，有下列被動用法：
be geared to V 被設計⋯ = be
designed to V
This book is
geared to teach students how to use words correctly. / 本書旨在教導學生如何正確使用單詞。
identification
[aɪ͵dɛntəfə`keʃən] n. 身分證明（不可數）
The policeman
asked us to show him some identification. / 這名警員要求我們給他看身分證明。
用法：本字可縮寫成
ID，指所有的身分證明文件，是不可數名詞。
identify [aɪ`dɛntə͵faɪ]
vt. 指認，認定，視為同一 vi. 對⋯感同身受（與with並用）
片語：identify
A as B 將A認定為B；identify A with B 將A與B視為相等；identify
with... 對⋯感同身受，認同⋯
衍生字：identifiable
[aɪ`dɛntə͵faɪəbḷ] a. 可識別的
She identified
the purse as hers by telling what it contained. / 她藉著說出錢包內的東西指認這個錢包是她的。
The good mayor
identified the well-being of his citizens with his own. / 這位善良的市長把市民的幸福當作是自己的幸福。
The audience
identified with the sorrow of the hero. / 觀眾很認同這位英雄的悲痛。
identity [aɪ`dɛntətɪ]
n. 身分
There is no clue
to the identity of the murderer. / 兇手的身分仍然毫無線索。
延伸：an
identity card 身分證 = an ID card
misunderstand
[͵mɪsʌndɚ`stænd] vt. 誤會，誤解
時態：misunderstand,
misunderstood [͵mɪsʌndɚ`stʊd] , misunderstood
衍生字：misunderstanding
[͵mɪsʌndɚ`stændɪŋ] n. 誤會
Kelly
misunderstood my compliment and took it as an insult. / 凱莉誤解我的讚美而視之為侮辱。＊insult [`ɪnsʌlt] n. 侮辱＊compliment [`kɑmpləmənt] n. 讚美；恭維
moreover [mɔr`ovɚ]
adv. 並且，此外
同義字：in
addition 此外
I love John. He
has a heart of gold. Moreover, he is very handsome. = I love John. He has a
heart of gold. In addition, he is very handsome. / 我愛約翰。他有仁慈的心。此外，他也很英俊。
nevertheless [͵nɛvɚðə`lɛs]
adv. 然而
同義字：nonetheless
[͵nʌnðə`lɛs] adv. 但是 ⑤；however [haʊ`ɛvɚ] adv. 然而
②
George is nice;
nevertheless, I don't like him.
= George is
nice; however, I don't like him.
= George is
nice, but I don't like him. / 喬治人不錯，然而我並不喜歡他。
用法：nevertheless、nonetheless 及 however 均為連接性副詞，換言之，這些字仍只是連接詞，故之前應置分號用以連接兩個子句；而 but（但是）是連接詞，之前置逗點即可。
noun [naʊn] n. 名詞
Money is an
uncountable noun while dollar is a countable noun. / 『錢』是不可數名詞，而『（美）元』則為可數名詞。
nuclear [`njuklɪɚ]
a. 核子的
衍生字：nucleus
[`njuklɪəs] n.（原子）核；細胞核（單數）；nuclei [`njuklɪ͵aɪ] n.（原子）核；細胞核（複數）
When nuclear war
breaks out, humans are doomed. / 核子大戰爆發時，人類注定要毀滅。＊doomed [dumd] a. 注定滅亡的，天數已定的
延伸：nuclear
war 核子戰爭
participle [`pɑrtəsəpḷ]
n. 分詞
In "a
sleeping baby", the word sleeping is a present participle used as an
adjective. / 在 "a sleeping baby"（熟睡的嬰兒）中，sleeping
為現在分詞當形容詞用。
preposition [͵prɛpə`zɪʃən]
n. 介系詞
In the phrase
"in the morning" the word "in" is a preposition. / 在片語 in the
morning 中，in 這個字是介系詞。
pronoun [`pronaʊn]
n. 代名詞
I , he , she and
it are all pronouns. / 『我』、『他』、『她』和『它』都是代名詞。
recall [rɪ`kɔl]
vt. 回想，憶起，記得，召回
同義字：remember
[rɪ`mɛmbɚ] vt. 記得；記住 ①
I don't recall
seeing that girl before. = I don't remember seeing that girl before. / 我不記得以前曾見過那個女孩子。
用法：recall
+ N/V-ing 記得⋯
relaxation
[͵rilæks`eʃən] n. 放鬆
衍生字：relax
[rɪ`læks] vt. 使鬆弛 ③
Occasional
relaxation is very important for efficient work. / 偶而放鬆一下對有效率的工作至為重要。
remark [rɪ`mɑrk] vt. 說，談到（用 that 子句作受詞）vi. 評論，談論 n. 評論，談論
片語：make a
remark 評論，批評
Harry remarked
that John wasn't cut out for the job. = Harry said that John wasn't cut out for
the job. / 哈利表示約翰並不能勝任那份工作。
David remarked
on my wife's hairstyle. / 大衛評論我太太的髮型。
The film critic
made some bitter remarks on the film. / 這位影評人對這部電影作了一些嚴厲的批評。
用法：remark 作動詞時，有下列兩種用法：remark + that 子句說⋯ = say + that 子句；remark on... 評論有關⋯
remarkable [rɪ`mɑrkəbḷ] a.
了不起的，非凡的
同義字：unusual
[ʌn`juʒʊəl] a. 非凡的；wonderful [`wʌndɚfəl] a. 了不起的，很棒的
Joe's
performance in the speech contest was truly remarkable. / 阿周在演講比賽的表現實在了不起。
shuttle [`ʃʌtḷ]
n. 梭子，往返通勤列車，區間車 vt. 短乘運送
The woman was
weaving fabric with a shuttle. / 這名婦女正在用梭子織布。
Is there a
shuttle service to and from the airport?
/ 往返機場有接駁車的服務嗎？
Our hotel shuttled
us to the museum for free. / 我們的飯店免費接送我們到博物館。
延伸：a
shuttle bus 區間巴士，接駁公車；a space shuttle 太空梭
tense [tɛns] a. 緊張的，繃緊的
vi. 變緊張
同義字：nervous
[`nɝvəs] a. 緊張的；tight [taɪt] a. 緊的
It was a tense
situation when the two rivals met. / 這兩個敵手碰面時，情況緊張了起來。
Are the wires
tense enough? / 這些繩索拉得夠緊嗎？
Whenever someone
gets near, she tenses. / 只要一有人靠近她，她就會緊張。
tension [`tɛnʃən]
n. 緊張
同義字：nervousness
[`nɝvəsnɪs] n. 緊張
There was a lot of
tension between the two countries after the terrorist attack. / 恐怖攻擊行動發生後，兩國之間的關係很緊張。
though [ðo]
conj. 雖然 adv. 然而，不過
Though Joe is
fat, he's quick in action. = Joe is fat; he's quick in action, though. / 喬很胖，不過動作卻很敏捷。
用法：though 當連接詞時表『雖然』，之後接主詞及動詞，形成副詞子句。若作副詞時，表『然而，不過』，此時置於句尾，且之前置逗點，等於 however。
understanding [͵ʌndɚ`stændɪŋ]
n. 理解力，智力，諒解，善體人意 a. 善解人意的
片語：be
beyond sb's understanding 超乎某人的理解
衍生字：understand
[͵ʌndɚ`stænd] vt. 懂，領會；了解，知道 ① ；understandable [͵ʌndɚ`stændəbḷ]
a. 可理解的 ⑤
This book is
beyond her understanding. / 這本書超出她的理解能力。
David's kindness
and understanding were a great comfort to me. / 大衛的好心和善體人意讓我大大的感到安慰。
Kathy is
understanding, which is why we all like her. = Kathy is considerate, which is
why we all like her. = Kathy is thoughtful, which is why we all like her. / 凱西善解人意，這是我們都喜歡她的原因。
verb [vɝb] n. 動詞
衍生字：verbal
[`vɝbḷ] a. 口頭的，言語的 ⑤；verbal attacks 言語攻擊
All verbs are
classified as either transitive or intransitive. / 所有的動詞被分為及物或不及物。
wrinkle [`rɪŋkḷ]
n. 皺紋 vt. 使起皺紋
衍生字：wrinkled
[`rɪŋkḷd] a. 有皺紋的
No one can live
to old age without getting wrinkles. / 任何人老了都會有皺紋。
My sister
wrinkled her nose when she smelled something bad. / 我妹妹聞到有臭味的東西時就會皺鼻子。
延伸：wrinkle-free
沒有皺紋的；a wrinkled face 滿是皺紋的臉
Unit
28
accompany [ə`kʌmpənɪ]
vt. 陪伴
片語：accompany
sb 陪伴某人 = keep sb company
衍生字：company
[`kʌmpənɪ] n. 伴侶，同伴（集合名詞，不可數）；公司（可數）②
Peter owns two
companies. / 彼得擁有兩家公司。
One is known by
the company one keeps. / 觀其友而知其人。——諺語
Let me accompany
you to your house. / 讓我陪你回家吧。
accomplish [ə`kɑmplɪʃ] vt.
完成（任務），達到（目標）
片語：accomplish
a goal 實現達到目標 = achieve a goal = attain a goal
Through
teamwork, we finally accomplished the mission required of us. / 透過團隊合作，我們終於完成了我們被要求的任務。
Unfortunately,
we have not accomplished our goal this year. / 很不幸地，我們今年沒有達到目標。
accomplished [ə`kɑmplɪʃt]
a. 熟練（於某種才藝）的，有造詣的
同義字：skillful
[`skɪlfəl] a. 熟練的 ②；adept [ə`dɛpt] a. 熟練的；proficient [prə`fɪʃənt] a. 精通的 ⑥
At the age of
fifteen, Sandy was already an accomplished pianist. / 珊蒂在 15 歲時就已是位出色的鋼琴家。
accomplishment [ə`kɑmplɪʃmənt]
n. 完成，實現，成就，才華（恆用複數）
片語：a
person of many accomplishments = a
versatile person 有多樣才華的人＊versatile [`vɝsətḷ] a. 多才多藝的
The
accomplishment of the task will take more than ten years. / 要完成這項任務須費時
10 年以上。
The first
landing on the moon was a great accomplishment for humanity. / 第一次登陸月球是人類一項偉大的成就。
Though a man of
many accomplishments, John is never arrogant. / 約翰是個多才多藝的人，卻從不驕傲。＊arrogant
[`ærəgənt] a. 傲慢的，自負的
analysis [ə`næləsɪs]
(複數形: analyses [ə`næləsiz] n. 分析) n. 分析
衍生字：analytical
[͵ænə`lɪtɪkḷ] a. 分析的 ⑥；analyst [`ænḷɪst] n. 分析師 ⑥
Our final
analysis is that your wife's health is perfectly normal. / 我們最後的分析結果是夫人的健康狀況一切正常。
analyze [`ænə͵laɪz]
vt. 分析，解析
同義字：examine
[ɪg`zæmɪn] vt. 細察 ①；evaluate [ɪ`væljʊ͵et] a. 評估 ③
In science class
we analyzed water from a nearby river. / 我們在上自然課時，分析取自附近河裡的水。
Why don't we
analyze the problem and see what's wrong? / 我們為何不分析這個問題，看看毛病出在哪裡？
assign [ə`saɪn]
vt. 分配，指派
片語：assign
sb sth 分配某人某事；assign sb to V 指派某人從事⋯
Our teacher will
assign us tasks for the morning. / 老師將會為我們分配早上的工作。
The trained
cadets have been assigned to their places of duty. / 那些受過專業訓練的軍校生被派到不同的崗位上履職。＊cadet [kə`dɛt] n. 軍校生
They assigned
someone to watch the suspect twenty- four hours a day. / 他們指派某人 1 天 24 小時看守該嫌犯。
assignment [ə`saɪnmənt]
n. 任命，派定的工作，指定作業或功課
同義字：mission
[`mɪʃən] n. 任務 ③；task [tæsk] n. 工作 ②；appointment [ə`pɔɪntmənt] n. 任命 ④；schoolwork
[`skul͵wɝk] n. 課堂作業 ①
We are going to
Tokyo on a special assignment for our magazine. / 我們將為我們的雜誌到東京出一趟特別任務。
My first
assignment in the company was to serve my colleagues coffee. / 我在公司的第一項工作就是替我的同事們倒咖啡。
Please complete
your assignment before our next class. / 請在下次上課前完成指定的作業。
Our English
teacher gives us more reading assignments than we can handle. / 我們英文老師交給我們的閱讀作業太多使我們吃不消。
用法：表『作業』時，schoolwork
是不可數名詞，assignment 則為可數名詞。
comment [`kɑmɛnt] n. 評語，批評 vi. 評論（均與介詞 on 並用）
片語：make a
comment on... 對⋯評論，發表意見 =
comment on...
衍生字：commentary
[`kɑmən͵tɛrɪ] n. 評論（針對球賽或文藝作品）⑥；commentator [`kɑmən͵tetɚ] n. 時事評論家 ⑤
Did the teacher
make any comments on your speech? / 老師對你的演說有什麼評論嗎？
I was unhappy
when Ray commented on my new shoes. / 小雷對我的新鞋作了一番品評時，我很不高興。
companion [kəm`pænjən]
n. 伴侶，同伴（可數）
衍生字：companionship
[kəm`pænjən͵ʃɪp] n. 友誼 ⑥
The dog is man's
faithful companion. / 狗是人類忠實的同伴。
contrary [`kɑntrɛrɪ]
a. 相反的，對立的 n. 相反
片語：be
contrary to... 與⋯相反；On the
contrary,... 相反地，⋯
The new
regulations are contrary to the public interest. / 新規定和公共利益相對立。
The camera was
far from a bargain; on the contrary, it was too expensive. / 這台相機一點也不划算。相反地，它的價格太貴了。＊be far from... 一點也不⋯ = be not...at all
contrast [`kɑntræst] n.
對比，差異 [kən`træst] vt.
比較
片語：By
contrast,... 相對之下，⋯；in contrast
to... 與⋯成對比；contrast A with B 將A與B做對照
Tom is
introverted. By contrast, his brother John is extroverted. / 湯姆很內向。相對之下，他哥哥約翰就很外向。＊introverted [`ɪntrə͵vɝtɪd] a. 內向的＊extroverted
[`ɛkstrə͵vɝtɪd] a. 外向的
The puppy appears
small in contrast to its mother. / 這隻小狗和母狗比起來模樣小多了。
When you
contrast John with Tom, you'll find a big difference between them in terms of
personality. / 你將約翰與湯姆對比時，會發現兩人的個性有很大的差異。＊本句的 contrast 是動詞，要唸成 [kən`træst]。in terms of... 就⋯而言
devote [dɪ`vot]
vt. 致力於
片語：devote
A to B 將 A 奉獻在 B 之上；devote oneself to + N/V-ing 某人奉獻於⋯、某人致力於⋯ = dedicate oneself to + N/V-ing
衍生字：devotion
[dɪ`voʃən] n. 奉獻 ⑤
同義字：dedicate
[`dɛdə͵ket] vt. 奉獻 ⑥
Richard has
devoted his whole life to his career as a surgeon. / 瑞奇將一生奉獻在外科醫師的志職上。
Denny has devoted
himself to helping the poor. / 丹尼一直都致力於幫助窮人。
devoted [dɪ`votɪd]
a. 忠實的
同義字：faithful
[`feθfəl] a. 忠實的 ③；loyal [`lɔɪəl] a. 忠誠的 ④
Mr. Parker is a
devoted husband and loving father. / 派克先生既是忠實的丈夫，也是慈愛的父親。
distinct [dɪ`stɪŋkt]
a. 清楚的，不同的，獨特的
片語：be
distinct from... 不同於⋯
衍生字：distinctive
[dɪ`stɪŋktɪv] a. 特殊的 ⑤
distinction [dɪ`stɪŋkʃən]
n. 差別，區別；特色 ⑤
She has very distinct
handwriting. / 她的字跡非常清晰。
Taiwanese is a
dialect (which is) completely distinct from Mandarin. / 台語是完全不同於國語的一種方言。
distinguish [dɪ`stɪŋgwɪʃ]
vt. 分辨，區別，使揚名
片語：distinguish
A from B 區別A與B的不同 = tell A from B；distinguish oneself 使自己揚名
It took me
months to distinguish my girlfriend's voice from her sister's on the telephone.
/ 我花了好幾個月才能在電話上分辨出我女友和她姊姊的聲音。
Dolly
distinguished herself by her profound scholarship. / 多莉因學術造詣很深而揚名。＊profound [prə`faʊnd] a. 淵博的，深的；scholarship
[`skɑlɚ͵ʃɪp] n. 學識（不可數）；獎學金（可數）
distinguished [dɪ`stɪŋgwɪʃt]
a. 傑出的，著名的
片語：be
distinguished for... 因⋯而出名 = be
renowned for... = be famous for...
同義字：outstanding
[aʊt`stændɪŋ] a. 傑出的 ④
renowned [rɪ`naʊnd]
a. 著名的 ⑥ = famous [`feməs] a. 著名的 ②
The award went
to a distinguished movie director. / 這座獎項由一位傑出的電影導演獲得。
Dr. Kahn is
distinguished for his knowledge of classical Chinese literature. / 康博士以其中國古典文學的知識而著稱。
embarrassment [ɪm`bærəsmənt]
n. 困窘，尷尬（不可數），令人困窘的人或事（可數）
衍生字：embarrass
[ɪm`bærəs] vt. 使困窘 ②
embarrassing [ɪm`bærəsɪŋ]
a. 令人尷尬的 ②
Patty couldn't
hide her embarrassment when the event occurred. / 這事件發生時，派蒂無法掩飾她的困窘。
Rude Ronald was
an embarrassment to his parents. / 無禮的隆納德令他父母尷尬。
emerge [ɪ`mɝdʒ]
vi. 出現，冒出（常與from並用）
片語：emerge
from... 從⋯冒出來
反義字：submerge
[səb`mɝdʒ] vi. 沉入
Ben suddenly
emerged from behind the door, which frightened me. / 阿笨突然從門後冒出來，嚇了我一跳。
enormous [ɪ`nɔrməs]
a. 巨大的
同義字：big；large；vast
John has an
enormous amount of money. / 約翰有一大筆錢。
essential [ɪ`sɛnʃəl]
a. 必要的，不可或缺的 n. 要素，要點（常用複數）
片語：be
essential to... 對⋯是不可或缺的
衍生字：essence
[`ɛsəns] n. 要點；精髓 ⑥
Water and air
are essential to us. / 水和空氣對我們而言都是不可或缺的。
The teacher
taught us the essentials of good health. / 老師教導我們健康的要素。
essentially [ɪ`sɛnʃəlɪ]
adv. 本質上，基本上
同義字：basically
[`besɪkḷɪ] adv. 基本上 ①；fundamentally [͵fʌndə`mɛntḷɪ] a. 基本上；in essence 基本上
He's got his
flaws, but Tim is essentially a nice guy. / 提姆是有他的缺點，但他本質上是個好人。
We are
essentially concerned with ending the conflict, not with discovering who
started it. / 基本上我們關心的是化解這場衝突，而不是探究是誰先引起的。
exception [ɪk`sɛpʃən]
n. 例，除外
片語：with
the exception of... 除了⋯之外 =
except for...
衍生字：exceptional
[ɪk`sɛpʃənḷ] a. 例外的，罕見的；優異的 ⑤
There is no rule
without exceptions. / 所有規則皆有例外。
Most boys like
football, but my son is an exception. / 大部分男孩都喜歡足球，但我兒子卻是個例外。
With the
exception of his ill temper, John is quite a nice person. = Except for his ill
temper, John is quite a nice person. / 約翰除了脾氣壞之外，為人倒是挺不錯的。
finance [`faɪnæns]
n. 財政，財務，財力，財務狀況（恆用複數）
The Minister of
Finance was forced to step down after he was found involved in a scandal. / 財政部長經人發現涉入某項醜聞後被迫下台。
The government
is worried about the state of the nation's finances. / 政府很擔心國家的財務狀況。
用法：finance
亦可作及物動詞，表『向⋯提供資金』。
We need more
businesses to finance our project.
我們需要更多的企業經援我們的企劃。
financial [faɪ`nænʃəl]
a. 金融的，財務的
The business closed
due to financial problems. / 這個企業由於財務問題而關閉了。
延伸：a
financial center 金融中心；a financial problem 財務問題
generation [͵dʒɛnə`reʃən]
n. 世代
If the
generation gap between parents and their children could be narrowed, there
wouldn't be so many social problems. / 假使父母與子女間的代溝能縮小，就不會有那麼多的社會問題了。
延伸：a
generation gap 代溝
gigantic [dʒaɪ`gæntɪk]
a. 巨大的，龐大的
同義字：big；large；huge
Scientists found
gigantic stone statues on
impact [`ɪmpækt]
n. 影響，衝擊（常與介詞 on 並用）
片語：have an
impact on... 對⋯有影響／衝擊
同義字：influence
[`ɪnflʊəns] n. 影響 ②；effect [ɪ`fɛkt] n. 影響 ②
The writer's
style had a deep impact on his literary successors. / 這位作家的風格對後世文人有深遠的影響。＊successor [sək`sɛsɚ] n. 後繼者
inspection [ɪn`spɛkʃən]
n. 檢查，查驗
衍生字：inspect
[ɪn`spɛkt] vt. 檢查；視察 ③；inspector [ɪn`spɛktɚ] n. 檢查員
③
Those business
establishments that have failed to pass safety inspections will lose their
licenses. / 凡是沒有通過安全檢查的營業場所將被吊消執照。
intend [ɪn`tɛnd]
vt. 意欲，想要，意指，意謂，針對
片語：intend
sb to V 想要叫某人從事⋯；intend to
V 想要從事⋯ = desire
to V
衍生字：intent
[ɪn`tɛnt] a. 下定決心的；be intent on + V-ing 一心要⋯
John is intent
on traveling around the world. / 約翰一心想要環遊全世界。
Father intends
me to be a doctor. / 父親想要我當醫生。
I didn't intend
to do that. / 我不想那麼做。
Whatever I did,
I intended no harm. = No matter what I did, I meant no harm. / 不論我做了什麼，我都是沒有惡意的。
These toys are
intended for children aged 3 to 5.
= These toys are
meant for children aged 3 to 5.
這些玩具是針對 3 至 5 歲的兒童設計的。
intention [ɪn`tɛnʃən]
n. 意圖，意思
衍生字：intentionally
[ɪn`tɛnʃənḷɪ] adv. 有意地，故意地
It was not my
intention to upset you. / 我沒有意思要惹你生氣。
investigation [ɪn͵vɛstə`geʃən]
n. 調查
衍生字：investigate
[ɪn`vɛstə͵get] vt. 調查 ③ = look into...；investigator [ɪn`vɛstə͵getɚ] n. 調查者 ⑥
They started the
investigation into the crime three years ago, but nothing has been found
yet. / 他們 3 年前展開這宗謀殺案的調查，不過迄今仍一無所獲。
minister [`mɪnɪstɚ]
n. 部長，牧師
同義字：pastor
[`pæstɚ] n. 牧師
After the
scandal, the Minister of Foreign Affairs was forced to step down. / 醜聞事件後，外交部長被迫下台。
Her husband is the
minister at a local church. / 她先生是當地某教會的牧師。
ministry [`mɪnɪstrɪ]
n. （政府）部，牧師職務
The Ministry of
National Defense is in charge of overall national defense. / 國防部掌管整體的國防事務。
There are three
candidates for the Baptist ministry. / 浸信會教會的牧師職位有三個候選人。
延伸：the
Ministry of Education 教育部；the Ministry of National
Defense 國防部；the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部；the Ministry of Internal Affairs 內政部
objection [əb`dʒɛkʃən]
n. 異議，反對
片語：take
objection to... 反對⋯ = object to...
Does anyone have
any objections to this idea? / 有沒有人對這個主意有任何異議？
The boss took
objection to what was decided in the meeting. / 老闆反對此次會議所做的決定。
objective [əb`dʒɛktɪv]
n. 目標 a. 客觀的
同義字：goal
[gol] n. 目標 ②
反義字：subjective
[səb`dʒɛktɪv] a. 主觀的 ⑥
Our objective
was to reach the next town by sunset. / 我們的目標是在日落前抵達下一個城鎮。
Scientists must be
objective in their research. / 科學家在做研究時必須要很客觀。
oppose [ə`poz]
vt. 反對，反抗
片語：oppose
+ N/V-ing 反對⋯ =
be opposed to + N/V-ing （此處 opposed 是形容詞，表『反對的』）= object to +N/V-ing
I oppose
adopting Tim's proposal because I don't think it is feasible. = I'm opposed to
adopting Tim's proposal because I don't think it is feasible.
= I object to
adopting Tim's proposal because I don't think it is feasible. / 我反對採納提姆的方案，因為我認為那行不通。＊feasible [`fizəbḷ] a. 可行的
philosopher [fə`lɑsəfɚ] n. 哲學家，哲人
同義字：thinker
[`θɪŋkɚ] n. 思想家
It is not too
much to say that Confucius was the greatest philosopher in ancient
Many people
become philosophers in old age. / 許多人年邁時都成了很有哲理的人。
philosophical
[͵fɪlə`sɑfɪkḷ] a. 哲學的，理智的，冷靜的，看得開的
同義字：logical
[`lɑdʒɪkḷ] a. 合邏輯的 ④；thoughtful
[`θɔtfəl] a. 很有思想的 ④；rational [`ræʃənḷ] a. 理智的 ⑥
They stayed up
late discussing many philosophical questions. / 他們熬夜到很晚，討論許多哲學的問題。
Jane was quite
philosophical about her recent bad luck. / 阿珍對她最近的霉運相當看得開。
philosophy [fə`lɑsəfɪ] n. 哲學，人生觀
同義字：viewpoint
[`vju͵pɔɪnt] n. 觀點，見解 ⑤；belief [bɪ`lif] n. 信念 ②
All the freshmen
must take a course in philosophy. / 所有的大一學生都必須修哲學課。
It is my philosophy
that we should never take advantage of others. / 我的人生觀就是我們絕不可佔別人的便宜。
preservation
[͵prɛzɚ`veʃən] n. 保存，保護
衍生字：preservative
[prɪ`zɝvətɪv] a. 防腐的，保存的 & n. 防腐劑；preserved [prɪ`zɝvd] a. 醃製的；preserved
vegetables 醃菜；preserved eggs 鹹蛋；皮蛋
No preservative
substances are used in this bread. / 這種麵包沒有添加防腐劑。
The timber has
been treated with preservatives.
這些木材已經防腐處理過。＊timber [`tɪmbɚ] n. 木材
All the books in
the library are in a good state of preservation. / 圖書館所有的書都被保存得很好。＊state [stet] n. 狀態
The preservation
of our national parks is important. / 保護我們的國家公園很重要。
preserve [prɪ`zɝv]
vt. 保存，維持，醃製 n. 果醬，蜜餞（恆用複數）
The boy's quick
judgment preserved his life. / 這個男孩子迅速的判斷保住了他的命。
The police must
preserve public order. / 警方必須維持公共秩序。
What is the best
method of preserving plums?
醃製梅子最好的方法是什麼？＊plum [plʌm] n. 梅子
I like peach
preserves on toast. / 我喜歡土司抹上桃子果醬吃。
比較：conserve
[kən`sɝv] vt. 節約使用 ⑥；conserve water/energy 節約水／能源
reserve [rɪ`zɝv]
vt. 預訂 ③；reserve a ticket/a room 訂票／訂房
probe [prob] n. 調查 vi. 調查（與介詞into並用）
片語：probe
into... 徹底調查⋯ = look into...
The media called
for a probe into the robbery. / 媒體呼籲對該搶案展開徹底調查。
The FBI has been
called in to probe into the case. / 聯邦調查局被召來調查這樁案子。
rejection [rɪ`dʒɛkʃən]
n. 拒絕，推辭
衍生字：reject
[rɪ`dʒɛkt] vt. 回絕，拒絕 ②
Willie kept
asking Jane for a date, but constant rejections had discouraged him. / 威利一直找阿珍約會，但不斷的碰壁使他洩了氣。
sorrowful [`sɑrofəl] a.
悲傷的
同義字：sad
[sæd] a. 悲傷的，難過的
The sorrowful
old man missed his wife, who recently passed away. / 那位悲傷的老先生很思念他最近過世的老伴。
tremendous [trɪ`mɛndəs]
a. 龐大的
同義字：enormous；immense
Peter's company
has achieved tremendous success this
year. / 彼得的公司今年相當成功。
urge [ɝdʒ] vt. 力勸，激勵 n. 強烈的欲望，衝動
片語：urge sb
to V 激勵某人⋯ = call on sb to V
同義字：desire
[dɪ`zaɪr] n. 欲望 ②
Tom's mother
urged him to study every day. / 湯姆的母親激勵他每天讀書。
Rick felt a
sudden urge to call Monica to tell her he was sorry. / 雷克有股衝動要打電話給莫妮卡，告訴她他很抱歉。
urgent [`ɝdʒənt]
a. 緊急的，迫切的
衍生字：urgency
[`ɝdʒənsɪ] n. 緊急，急迫 ⑥
urgently [`ɝdʒəntlɪ]
adv. 緊急地，迫切地
I'm sorry I
can't go out with you because I have something urgent to deal with. / 我很抱歉無法跟你們出去，因為我有要事要處理。
vast [væst] a. 巨大的
同義字：huge；large；immense [ɪ`mɛns]；enormous [ɪ`nɔrməs]；gigantic [dʒaɪ`gæntɪk]
A vast number of
students attended the rally. / 有好多學生參加這次的集會遊行。
vital [`vaɪtḷ]
a. 維持生命必需的，極重要的
片語：play a
vital role in... 在⋯方面扮演極具重要的角色
衍生字：vitality
[vaɪ`tælətɪ] n. 生命力，活力 ⑥
同義字：extremely
important 極為重要的
Digestion is a
vital function. / 消化是維持生命必需的功能。
Police officers
play a vital role in maintaining social stability. / 在維持社會治安方面，警察扮演了至為重要的角色。＊stability [stə`bɪlətɪ] n. 穩定
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