Reading
P1
In Taiwan
1. that引導的子句在此為形容詞子句，用以補充說明先行詞eating customs所指的是什麼。
2. think about 想到；考慮
• That might be a good way to solve this
problem. I didn’t think about that!
• I’ve been thinking about
going abroad to study after graduating from high school.
2 …, it is common for
people to share large dishes with others and to use chopsticks to
pick up the food.
1. 本句中，it為虛主詞。真正的主詞為to share large dishes with others和to use chopsticks to pick up the food這兩件事。因為主詞太長，為了讓句子好懂，所以利用虛主詞的結構說明。
• It is a great joy to
listen to music and to drink coffee at the same time.
2. share sth.
with sb. 與某人分享某物
• Jack often shares useful
information with his Net pals.
3. pick up 撿起 ; 夾起
• Those students were picking
up trash on the beach.
• Americans use forks to
pick up their food while the Chinese use chopsticks.
SPP1: It + is/was + Adj
(+ for sb.) + to VR
² 此句型意思是「做某事是……的」，而for sb.是強調「對某人而言」。
² 句中真主詞為to VR，因主詞較長故移至句尾，原主詞位置放It作虛主詞，動詞為單數Be動詞，Adj用來修飾to VR。原句為「To VR
+ is/was + Adj + for sb.」。
Ÿ It is common for people to share large dishes with
others and to use chopsticks to pick up the food.
（人們和他人共享大盤的菜餚並用筷子夾取食物，這是普遍的。）
Ÿ In India
（在印度，用你的左手去觸碰食物是非常丟臉的。）
Ÿ It was dangerous to go fishing when the sea was
rough.（在海象惡劣時去釣魚，這是危險的。）
(p.12)
Grammar
Focal
Point 1
|
It + is/was + Adj. (+ for sb.)
+ to VR
|
|
1.當不定詞（to VR）作句子主詞時，為避免主詞過長，多用虛主詞「it」代替，而將真正的主詞to VR移至句尾。
To play the piano
well is not easy.
 S
= It is not easy to play the piano well.
虛主詞 真正的主詞
|
|
2.若要表示「對某人而言」，可在形容詞後面加上「for sb.」。
It is difficult for Sam to get
up early in the morning.
|
Examples
● It is common for
people to share large dishes with others and to use chopsticks to
pick up the food.
跟別人共坐一張餐桌，用筷子夾食物，這些都是司空見慣的。
● In
India, it is shameful to use your
left hand to touch your food.
在印度，用你的左手去觸碰食物是非常丟臉的。
Practice A Complete the following sentences by using the
pattern above.
1. bad/a kid/watch
too much TV
→It is bad for a kid to watch too much TV.
對小孩來說看太多電視是不好的。
2. very
exciting/watch a baseball game
→It was very exciting to watch a
baseball game.
看棒球比賽是非常刺激的。
3.
important/people/save water
→It is important for people to
save water .
對人們來說省水是重要的。
(p.13)
4. good/everyone/get
exercise
→It is good for everyone to get
exercise.
對每個人來說運動是好的。
5. very
interesting/travel around Taiwan
→It is very interesting to
travel around Taiwan by bike. 自行車環臺旅行是很有趣的。
Practice B Rewrite the following sentences by using “It + is/was + Adj (+ for sb.)
+ to VR.”
1. To collect stamps
is interesting.
→ It is interesting to collect stamps.
集郵是有趣的。
2. To help people is
good.
→ It is good to help
people.助人是好的。
3. To take pictures
of birds is fun.鳥類攝影是有趣的。
→ It is fun to take
pictures of birds.
4. To put up personal information on
social networking websites is dangerous.
→ It is dangerous to put
up personal information on social networking websites.
將個人資訊放在社群網站上面是危險的。
5. To work and take
care of the family at the same time was hard for Mom.
→ It was hard for Mom to
work and take care of the family at the same time.
對媽媽來說，要同時兼顧工作與照顧家庭是辛苦的。
(p.12)
文法句型
|
Focal
Point 1
It + is/was + Adj (+ for sb.) + to VR
|
|
教學建議
本句型主要是介紹It + is/was + Adj (+ for sb.) + to VR的各種用法。老師可以從基本的不定詞或動名詞當主詞+單數動詞開始，接下來再介紹It is/was + Adj + to VR的轉化句型。當學生熟悉本課句型後，再延伸到It is/was + Adj + for/of sb. + to VR的句型。
|
(1) 複習句型：不定詞／動名詞當主詞
句型：To VR/V-ing + 單數動詞....
說明：動詞不可當主詞，應改用不定詞（to VR）或動名詞（V-ing）才能當主詞。
• To love and to be loved is a
blessing.
• To say is one thing; to do is
quite another.
• Traveling abroad broadens our
horizons.
• Listening to classical music is a
good hobby.
(2) 課文句型：It 配合介系詞for與不定詞（to VR）
句型：It is/was + Adj + for sb. + to VR
說明：
1. It為形式主詞（虛主詞），to
VR 為真正主詞。
2. 說明事情的形容詞（如
easy, hard, wrong, right, important, impossible, necessary, difficult, ... 等）用for + sb.。
• It is easy for us to read the
book.
• It is necessary for you to study
hard.
• It is important for us to be
honest with others.
(3) 補充句型(1)：配合介系詞of
句型：It is/was + Adj + of sb. + to VR
說明：
1. It為形式主詞（虛主詞），to
VR 為真正主詞。
2. 說明人之性質的形容詞（如
kind, wise, polite, cruel, selfish, ...等）用of + sb.。
• It is kind of you to help the poor
boy.
• It was wise of you to save a lot
of money when you are young.
• It is selfish of Tony to refuse to
help others with their homework.
(p.13)
補充練習
A. 用It
is... to VR改寫下列句子
1. Going
hiking is interesting.
→__________________________________________
2.
Exercising regularly is good for us.
→__________________________________________
3. To love
and to be loved is a blessing.
→__________________________________________
4. To save
money for our future is smart.
→__________________________________________
5. To cook
is not easy for me.
→__________________________________________
B. 題組翻譯填充
1. 短時間內學好跳舞對我爸爸來說是困難的。
______ ______ difficult for my father to
______ to dance well in a short time.
2. 如果我們的英語很好，出國旅遊就很方便。
If we ______ good at English, it will be
______ for us to travel ______.
參考答案：
A.
1. It is interesting to go hiking.
2. It is good for us to exercise regularly.
3. It is a blessing to love and to be
loved.
4. It is smart to save money for our
future.
5. It is not easy for me to cook.
B.
1. It; is; learn
2. are; convenient; abroad
3 If you travel abroad, though, you may find that other
countries have different customs when it comes to eating.
1. 連接詞if引導表「條件」的副詞子句，其子句的動詞常以「現在簡單式」代替未來式。
• If the typhoon comes
tomorrow, we won’t have to go to school.
2. though = however (adv.) 表「然而」轉折語氣用。常插入句中或置於句尾，用逗點分開。
• I missed the bus. John gave me a ride,
though.
• There’s no excuse, though, for hurting her
feelings.
SPP 3: If + S + V…, S (+ Aux.) +
V….
² If為連接詞，意思為「如果」，後接表條件的副詞子句。逗點後面的主要子句則說明在If子句的條件下發生的結果。
² 主要子句可依句意搭配助動詞，如：will, may, can, must, might等，或用祈使句。
² 注意：表達「某條件造成某事將發生」，主要子句用未來式，If引導的子句用現在式。
Ÿ If you travel abroad, you may
find that other countries have different customs when it comes to
eating.
（如果你出國旅行，你可能會發現有關飲食這方面，其他國家有不同的習俗。）
Ÿ If the typhoon hits Taiwan
（如果颱風侵襲臺灣，園遊會將被取消。）
Ÿ If you don’t know how to use the machine, please visit
our website.
（如您不知如何使用本機器，請上我們的網站。）
4 Let’s look at a
few interesting ones.
ones代替前一句提過的複數名詞customs。
• The white dresses will go with the hat
better than the blue ones (=dresses) do.
• The woman has many shoes, but she still wants
more fashionable ones (=shoes).
Reading
P2
Noodle dishes, such as ramenž, are popular in Japan Tokyo
5 Slurping noodles is a way of
praising the chef.
句型文法
(1) a way of + N/V-ing 一種⋯⋯的方式
• Some people like to go swimming as a way of relaxation.
(2) a way to + VR 去做⋯⋯的方式
• The best way to learn English well is to
often practice reading, listening to, and speaking it.
Reading
P3
When you eat with your family, who digs in
first? In many countries, kids get to start the meal. But in Korea
6 When
you eat with your family, who digs in first?
dig in 開始用餐；開動（口語用法）
• Dinner’s ready. Dig in, everybody!
• The dinner looks delicious and the kids
can’t wait to dig in.
(p.5)
7 While this
rule is not followed when people are dining out with their friends, be more
careful if you are having dinner in a local family’s home.
1. 連接詞while (=though) 表「雖然」，常置於句首。
• While the novel is a little too long, it is very
interesting.
• While she tried hard to forget her sad memories, her effort
was in vain.
2. 若while接進行式時，while譯為「當……時候」。
• While Peter was traveling, he had his wallet and passport
stolen.
• While Sandy
3. 祈使句必須以「原形動詞」起首，這類句型是針對 “You”所作的「建議、命令、忠告、禁止」等。
• Be careful when
you use the scissors. Don’t hurt yourself!
• Keep on studying
hard, Thomas. Never give up your dream.
Reading
P4
We all know that Americans
eat fried chicken and burgersž with their hands. And there are other people in the
world who eat all of their meals without spoons, forks, or chopsticks. Arabs, for instance, eat with
their fingers. They sit close together and share food from a common bowl. 我們都知道美國人用他們的手吃炸雞和漢堡。而世界上還有其他人吃東西不用湯匙、叉子或是筷子。舉例來說，阿拉伯人用手指抓東西吃。他們緊坐在一起，而且從共用的碗裡分享食物。
8 We all know that Americans eat
fried chicken and burgers with their hands.
介系詞with表「手段或工具」，作「用、以⋯⋯」解。
• The old man walked with a stick.
9 And there are other people in the
world who eat all of their meals without spoons, forks, or chopsticks.
who引導形容詞子句修飾先行詞people，who作主詞不可省略。
SPP 4: for instance
² 此片語表示「例如」，和for example一樣用於舉例說明。
² 可置於句首、句中或句末，置於句末較口語。for instance可搭配動詞take使用，表「以……為例」。
l Arabs, for instance, eat with their fingers.
（例如，阿拉伯人用手指抓東西吃。）
l Watching programs on Animal Planet can be both
educational and fun. For instance, there are shows about different types
of dogs.
（觀看動物星球頻道上的節目可以有教育性又有趣。例如，有關於不同犬種的節目。）
l Take Valentine’s Day for
instance. Many people go out for fancy dinners on this day. （舉西洋情人節為例。許多人在這天外出享用高檔晚餐。）
Reading
P5
Besides Americans and Arabs,
Indiansž also eat with their hands. They usually
use the fingertipsž of their right hand to eat. However, in India India
10 Besides Americans and
Arabs, Indians also eat with their hands.
besides prep.
除了⋯⋯之外（有包含受詞本身）ANT except (for)
• Besides me, there are two more girls in
the car.
• All of us are going to the party except
for Lily. She has to babysit her little sister.
11 However, in India
1. however 為文意轉折副詞，強調用左手吃東西是丟臉的。也可用yet代替。
• Money is very useful. Yet, it is not good
to go after it as your only purpose in life.
2. it 為虛主詞，真正主詞是
to use... food。
• It is a great honor to win first prize in
the speech contest.
SPP5: S + be + regarded as + N
² 此用法表示「被視為……」。
² regard為及物動詞，表示「把……看作……」。as為介系詞，表示「作為……」。
² 可在regarded之前加上widely表示「被普遍視為……」。
ŸThe left hand is regarded as the
“dirty” hand because it is reserved for wiping yourself after you use the
restroom.（左手被視為「髒」手，因為它被留著在上完廁所後用來擦拭。）
ŸAng Lee, a talented
director, is widely regarded as the pride of Taiwan.（李安，一位才華洋溢的導演，被普遍視為臺灣之光。）
12 Remember not to use your left
hand when you eat in a traditional restaurant in India
句型文法
(1) remember + to VR 記得要做某事（未做）
• Remember to brush your teeth before you sleep.
(2) remember + V-ing 記得曾做過某事（已做）
• I remember mailing the package, but I don’t know why you didn’t get
it.
SPP5: remember
+ to VR; remember + V-ing
² to VR表示「尚未執行」的動作，V-ing表示「已經執行或進行中」的動作。
² remember + to VR表示「記得要去做某事」，未來將會去做。
² remember + V-ing表示「記得做過某事」，過去做過了。
表達「記得不要做某事」，否定字not應放在remember和to VR的中間，如下列課文例句。
A. Remember not to use your left hand when you eat
in a traditional restaurant in India
（在印度的傳統餐廳用餐時，記得不要用左手。）
B. I remember seeing that movie
a year ago.
（我記得一年前看過那部電影。）
C. Remember to send a Christmas card to your grandparents.
（記得寄張聖誕節卡片給你的祖父母。）
Reading
P6
The world is full of interesting
eating customs. Keep
an eye out for the local customs in places that you visit, and you will be able to stay out of
awkward situations! 世界上充滿了有趣的飲食習慣。留意你所造訪之地的當地習慣，你就可以避開尷尬的情況！
13 The world is full of
interesting eating customs.
be full of 充滿
SYN be filled with, be crowded with
• My school is filled with students who are
friendly and hardworking.
14 Keep an eye out for the local customs in places
that you visit, and you will be able to stay out of awkward situations!
SPP2: 祈使句, and/or + S +
Aux. + V
² 祈使句用於「要對方照自己的意思做某事」，主詞you習慣省略，所以用動詞開頭。一般動詞須用原形，is/am/are須改成be。
² 如果要對方不要做某事，用Don’t或Never後接原形動詞。若要對方一直做某事，則可用Always來加強語氣。
² 祈使句後接and或or所引導的子句，可用來說明因果關係。and引導的子句描述「執行祈使動作得到的結果」，由or所引導的子句則描述「不執行祈使動作得到的結果」。
² Aux.是助動詞的英文縮寫，可依句意選用不同的助動詞（如下列例句中的will），後接原形動詞。
l Keep an eye out for the local customs in
places that you visit, and you will be able to stay out of awkward
situations!
（留意你所造訪地點的地方習俗，那麼你將能夠避開尷尬的情況！）
l Always be polite wherever you are, and
people will be willing to help you.
（不論身在何處都要有禮貌，那麼人們將會樂意幫助你。）
l Close the window, or the rain will
pour in.
（關上窗，否則雨水會潑進來。）
※that 引導形容詞子句修飾先行詞places，that作受詞可以省略。
(p.14)
Focal
Point 2
|
祈使句,
and/or + S + Aux. + V
|
|
1.祈使句由原形動詞開頭，省略主詞you，用於表達命令、請求、勸告等。
VR
|
|
2.祈使句加上由and所引導的句子，表示這麼做的結果，解釋為「那麼……」。
Hurry up, and we
will arrive on time.
祈使句
|
|
3.祈使句加上由or所引導的句子，表示不這麼做的後果，解釋為「否則……」。
Hurry up, or you
will miss the school bus.
祈使句
|
Example
● Keep an eye out for the local customs in
places that you visit, and you
will be able
to
stay out of awkward situations!
留意你所造訪之地的當地習慣，你就可以避開尷尬的情況！
Practice Fill in the blanks using “or” or “and.”
1. Give it a try, and you will find it is not as hard as you
thought.
試試看，你會發現這沒有你想的那麼難。
2. Keep your voice down, or you will wake the baby.
降低你的音量，不然你會吵醒小寶寶。
3. Try to smile often, and you will know how easy it is to make friends.
試著常微笑，你就會知道交到朋友是多麼簡單。
4. Go straight to the end of
the street, and you
will see the train station.
走到街道的盡頭，然後你就會看到火車站。
5. Be careful, or you may make the same mistake.
小心，不然你會犯同樣的錯誤。
(p.14)
|
Focal
Point 2
祈使句, and/or + S + Aux. + V
|
||||||||||
|
教學建議
祈使句由原形動詞開頭，省略主詞you，用於表達命令、請求、勸告、禁止等。
句型教學大綱如下：
(1)
先教單句之祈使句
(2)
再教合句的祈使句
(3)
最後為進階的祈使句與 if子句及 unless子句之改寫
|
(1) 課文句型(1)
|
j肯定祈使句：VR….
k否定祈使句：Don’t / Never + VR….
|
‧Sit down, please.
‧Help yourself to the cake and the fruits.
‧Don’t be selfish.
‧Never give up hope.
(2) 課文句型(2)
|
祈使句, and +
S + Aux. + V
=
If you + V, you + Aux. + V
|
‧Make more friends, and you will be happy.
‧Take medicine regularly (規律地), and you’ll get well soon.
‧Smile, and the world will smile with you.
=If you
smile, the world will smile with you.
‧Be
kind to others, and you will get their help.
=If you are kind to others, you will
get their help.
(3) 課文句型(3)
|
祈使句, or + S
+ Aux. + V
=祈使句;
otherwise, S + Aux. + V
=Unless + S + V, you + Aux. + V
|
‧Give me liberty (自由), or give me death (死亡).
‧Take my advice; otherwise, you’ll be sorry.
‧Study
hard, or you will fail the exam.
=Study hard; otherwise, you will fail
the exam.
=Unless you study hard, you will fail
the exam.
‧ Be careful, or you may get hurt.
= Be careful; otherwise, you may get
hurt.
=Unless you are careful, you may get
hurt.
補充練習
A. 用祈使句, and/or + S + Aux. + V填充與改寫
1.
_______ helpful, _______ you’ll be popular.
2.
_______ honest, Tom, _______ we won’t trust you.
3.
_______ be late for school, _______ you’ll be punished.
4.
If you tell the truth, you’ll get our help. (改祈使句)
=___________________, and you’ll get our
help.
5.
Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed. (改祈使句)
=___________________, or you won’t succeed.
B. 翻譯填充
1.
不要害怕，盡力就可以了。
_______ _______ afraid. Just do your best.
2. 外面正下雨，隨身帶傘，否則你會淋濕。
It’s raining outside. (T)
an umbrella _____ you, or you
will get wet.
3. 不要製造噪音，否則我無法專心。
_______________________, or I can’t focus.
4. 快點，要不然趕不上校車。
_______________________, or you won’t catch
the school bus.
參考答案：
A.
1. Be ; and 2. Be ; or
3. Don’t/Never ; or 4. Tell the
truth 5. Work hard
B.
1. Don’t; be 2. Take ; with 3. Don’t make noise 4. Hurry up
(p.6)
Comprehension
Main Idea Choose the best
answer to the question.
D What is the main idea of “Eating Customs around
the World”?
〈世界飲食習慣知多少〉的主旨為何？
(A) Arabs and
Indians eat food with their hands.
阿拉伯人和印度人用手抓食物吃。
(B) Americans
like to eat fried chicken and burgers.
美國人喜歡吃炸雞和漢堡。
(C) In order to be polite, slurping
your noodles in Japan
為了要表示禮貌，在日本吃麵發出聲音是必要的。
(D) Different countries have different
eating customs.
不同的國家有不同的飲食習慣。
Details Write
a T (True) or an F (False) for each sentence.
F 1. Indians use spoons, forks, and chopsticks
to eat. 印度人用湯匙、叉子和筷子吃東西。
T 2. Arabs like to sit close to one another and
share food from a common bowl.阿拉伯人喜歡緊坐在一起並從共用的碗分享食物。
F 3. Eat as quietly as you can when you eat
ramen in Japan
當你在日本吃麵時，要盡量安靜地吃以表示尊敬。
T 4. Remember to use your right hand to eat in India
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