SPP 1: S + be + P.P. (+ by O)
² 此句型表示「被……、遭受到……」。
² 以I ate the sandwich.為例，原來主詞是I，受詞是the sandwich；當the
sandwich移到句首成為主詞，則動詞需改為被動，變成was eaten，最後加上by me表示動作由「我」完成。所以全句是The sandwich was eaten by me.。
² be動詞應隨時態變化，現在式用am/is/are；過去式用was/were；未來式用will
be；現在完成式用has/have been；過去完成式用had been。
² 若做動作的對象不重要或不明確，則by + O可省略。
² 動詞片語改為被動時，介系詞需保留。如：We will take care of
(處理) the garbage. → The garbage will be taken care of
by us.
․
The
International Birdman is held in mid-August every year and
attracts an audience of tens of thousands.
（國際鳥人大賽在每年八月中舉辦，且吸引數萬名觀眾。）
․
The
shirt I bought online was sent to me last Friday.
（我在網路上買的襯衫上週五寄給我了。）
Grammar
Focal Point 1
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S + be + P.P. (+ by O)
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1. 此句型為「被動語態」，是以動作的承受者作為句子的主詞，表示「被……」。
The windowswere broken by Jack.
動作的承受者
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2. 將主動語態的句子改為被動語態時，步驟如下：
(1) 將原本的受詞（即「動作的承受者」）移到句首。
(2) 動詞改為「be + P.P.」。
(3) 原本的主詞移到句尾，前面加上介系詞by。
A large number of peoplespeakEnglish.
Englishis spokenbya large number of people.
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3. 當動作執行者不明確、不重要或泛指一般人時（如：someone、people、they、you），「by + O」多省略不提。
Someonebuiltthe library in 1990.
→The librarywas built in 1990 (by someone).
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Examples
․ The International Birdman is held in
mid-August every year and attracts an audience of tens of thousands.
國際鳥人大賽每一年在8月中舉行，吸引了數萬名觀眾前來。
․
Extreme Ironing was
also createdby an Englishman, Phil Shaw.
極限燙衣也是由一位英國人Phil Shaw所創立的。
․
The first Extreme Ironing
World Championships was held in Germany in 2002.
第一屆極限燙衣服世界錦標賽在2002年於德國舉辦。
Practice A Change the active voice into the
passive voice by using the above pattern.
1. Mike fixed the
bicycle.
àThe
bicycle was fixed by Mike.
Mike修好了腳踏車。
2. Jake
washed the car.
àThe car
was washed by Jake.
Jake清洗這部車。
3. Someone
stole my wallet.
àMy wallet
was stolen.
我的皮夾被偷了。
4. Cathy held a potluck party.
àA potluck party was held by Cathy.______________
Cathy舉辦了百樂餐派對。
5. People catch a lot of stray dogs every
year.
àA lot of
stray dogs are caught every year.
每年很多流浪狗被抓。
Practice BFill in the blanks in the passage by using the
above pattern.
Today, we have an English writing class. Mr. Shaw wanted us to write a
letter. First, a sample letter was
shown(show)
to us by him. Then, wewere asked(ask) to write a
letter to anyone we liked. I wrote a letter to Auntie Jenny. I love her because
she never forgets my birthday. Last month, a new MP3 playerwas sent(send) to me by her from Canada. She is studying
in a college there. I wanted to thank her. When I finished my letter, Mr. Shaw
found a few mistakesin it and theywere
corrected (correct) right away.
Thanks to him, I could mail my auntie an English letter with no mistakes.
今天我們有一堂英文寫作課。Shaw老師要我們寫一封信。首先，他拿一個信件範本給我們看。然後，我們被要求寫信給任何我們喜歡的人。我寫了一封
信給Jenny姑姑。我很愛她，因為她從不會忘記我的生日。上個月，她從加拿大寄了一台新的MP3給我。她在那裡讀大學。我想要謝謝她。當我寫完信的時候，Shaw老師發現了一些錯誤，並且立刻替我更正。幸虧有他，我才能寄給她一封沒有錯誤的英文信。
² make在此為不完全及物動詞，表示「使……變成……」。
² 受詞補語為形容詞或名詞，用來修飾或補充說明受詞的狀態。
․
Some
people now hope to make Extreme Ironing an Olympic event.
（現在有些人希望使極限燙衣成為奧運的比賽項目。）
․
Going on a working
holiday in Australia has made David more open-minded.
（去澳洲打工度假使David心胸更加開闊。）
15 This would certainly be difficult to achieve.
1. This指前一個句子，想要極限燙衣可以成為奧運比賽項目的夢想。
2. achieve = realize = accomplish 實現（夢想）；達成（目標）
16 However, the contestants’ fighting spirit
shows that nothing is impossible.
1. fighting spirit 戰鬥精神為主詞。
2. Nothing is impossible 可能的出處是聖經verse Luke 1:37 “For with God, nothing shall be
impossible”，而知名運動鞋 Adidas，在 2006 年曾有句廣告 slogan為
“Impossible is Nothing”（一切皆可能）。
Focal Point 2
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make + O + Adj/N
|
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當make用於表示「使……變成／成為……」，受詞之後可用形容詞或名詞來修飾受詞，使句意完整。
Flowers can makemy sister happy.
  Adj  This movie madethe actor a superstar. |
Example
․Some now hope to make
Extreme Ironing an Olympic event.
現在有些人希望使極限燙衣成為奧運的比賽項目。
PracticePut the parts in the correct order to form a
sentence.
1. made me/sad/The movie's ending
àThe movie's ending
made me sad.
這部電影的結局使我難過。
2. very angry/My brother's poor
grades/made my father
àMy brother’s poor
grades made my father very angry.
我哥哥糟糕的成績使我爸爸很生氣。
3. Let's/a better place/do
something/to make our earth
àLet’s do something to make our
earth a better place.
讓我們一起做些事情使我們的地球成為更好的地方。
4. made Josh/the class leader/Our
teacher
àOur teacher made Josh the class
leader.
我們的老師讓Josh當班長。
5. every day/Larry/to make
himself/stronger/does exercise
àLarry does exercise every day to
make himself stronger.
Larry每天做運動使自己更強壯。
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