B4 U1 GRAMMAR

Unit 1

1. ...and S + Aux/be, too. → ...and so + Aux/be + S.
...and S + Aux/be + not, either. → ...and neither + Aux/be + S.

說明 此為將too「也」或not...either「也不」的句子代換成以so或neither為首的句型。so或neither置於句首時，後面的主詞和動詞須倒裝，即先寫助動詞或be動詞再寫主詞。

例句 1. My friend Ellie is normally a polite person, and I am, too.

→ My friend Ellie is normally a polite person, and so am I.

(我的朋友Ellie通常是一個有禮貌的人，而我也是。)
2. I didn't enjoy our talk, and she didn't, either.

→ I didn't enjoy our talk, and neither did she.

(我不享受我們的談話，而她也不。)
3. I am not interested in math, and my sister isn't, either.

→ I am not interested in math, and neither is my sister.

(我對數學不感興趣，我的妹妹也沒興趣。)

練習 1. Mr. Nolan is a very hard­working man, and his employees are, too.

→ Mr. Nolan is a very hard­working man, and so are his employees.                                                                

2. I haven't started packing for my trip to Japan, and my sister hasn't, either.

→ I haven't started packing for my trip to Japan, and neither has my sister.       

2. have no choice but + to V

說明 此句型用來表示「別無選擇只好……，不得不……」之意，but後須接不定詞(to V)。

例句 1. Finally, I had no choice but to leave her alone with her smartphone.

(最後，我別無選擇只好不打擾她和她的智慧型手機。)

2. Because of the heavy rain, we had no choice but to cancel the baseball game.

(由於這場大雨，我們不得不取消棒球賽。)

3. My mother had no choice but to throw away the meat that has turned bad.

(我母親別無選擇只好把變質的肉丟掉。)

練習 1. Helen不小心把她的咖啡打翻了，所以她不得不再買一杯。

Helen accidentally spilled her coffee, so she had no   choice   but   to     

buy   another one.

2. Betty拒絕了Peter的電影邀約，所以他別無選擇只好自己去看電影。

Betty rejected Peter's movie invitation, so he had no   choice   but   to 

  go   to the movies alone.

3. be + busy + V­ing/with + N

說明 busy後面接動名詞(V­ing)用來表示「忙於……(做某事)」。如果要接名詞則可用介系詞with。

例句 1. She kept using her smartphone and was busy exchanging instant messages with others.　(她不停地使用她的智慧型手機和忙著和別人交換即時訊息。)

2. Mandy is busy preparing for the badminton game next week.

(Mandy忙著為了下週的羽球比賽準備。)

3. Nancy has been busy with her history report lately.

(Nancy近來正忙著做她的歷史報告。)

練習 1. Kevin忙著清理他的書桌。

Kevin is   busy     cleaning     up   his desk.

2. Woods先生最近非常忙於工作。

Mr. Woods has been very   busy     with   his work lately.

4. S + V..., which....

說明 關係代名詞which可以用來補充說明前面子句指的事情，which前要加逗點，且不可用that替代。

例句 1. When you snub someone, you ignore him or her, which often upsets that person.　(當你冷落一個人時，你忽視他或她，這常常使那個人不高興。)

2. Frank asked Nancy out on a date, which made Rachel very jealous.

(Frank邀Nancy和他約會，這使得Rachel非常忌妒。)

3. Wendy won first prize in the singing competition, which made her mother proud.　(Wendy在歌唱比賽中得了第一名，這使她母親引以為傲。)

練習 1. Gary兩分鐘就把詩背起來，讓人印象深刻。

Gary memorized the poem in two minutes, which was impressive/impressed many people. 

2. Sally昨晚熬夜，這就為什麼她今天早上感到如此疲倦。

Sally stayed up (late) last night, which is why she felt so tired this morning.      

5. due to + N

說明 1. due to為介系詞片語，表示「由於……」，後面須接名詞或名詞片語，可置於句首或句中，置於句首時須加逗點隔開。

2. due to也可以用owing to、because of等介系詞片語替換。

例句 1. Due to their smartphone addiction, many people can no longer appreciate things in their actual environment.
(由於他們對智慧型手機上癮，很多人不再懂得欣賞在他們真實環境中的事物。)

2. Owing to the typhoon, all flights to Los Angeles were delayed.
(所有飛往洛杉磯的班機都由於颱風而延遲了。)

3. Mr. Frost retired early because of his poor health.

(由於健康狀況不佳，Frost先生很早就退休了。)

練習 1. 由於油價高漲，許多人偏好搭乘大眾運輸。

D  Due     to   the rise in oil prices, many people prefer to take public transportation.

2. 這個方案由於缺乏財力資助而被取消了。

The project has been cancelled o  owing     to   lack of financial support.

實力評量

I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。

(　) 1. ________ a walk along the river, we heard a cry for help.
(A) Take        (B) To take        (C) Taking                  (D) To taking

(　) 2. I often stay at home on weekends, and ________ does my husband.
(A) too                    (B) so                        (C) either                   (D) neither

(　) 3. Monica can never be a good cook, and ________ can I.
(A) so                     (B) neither                 (C) too                       (D) either

(　) 4. Grace jumped with joy ________ she heard the good news.
(A) as long as         (B) as much as           (C) as soon as            (D) as well as

(　) 5. Taking care of a baby ________ a lot of hard work.
(A) require              (B) requires               (C) requiring              (D) to require

(　) 6. ________ no money, Jack started to steal.
(A) Have                (B) Had                     (C) To have               (D) Having

(　) 7. Tommy lay on the bed, ________ to music.
(A) listen                (B) listened               (C) listening              (D) and listening

(　) 8. The kind man got off his car, ________ the old lady cross the road.
(A) helping             (B) helped                 (C) helps                    (D) help

(　) 9. Listening to English songs ________ a good way to learn English.
(A) to be                 (B) be                        (C) are                       (D) is

(　) 10. As soon as Bill ________ paid, he will return the money to you.

(A) got                  (B) get                       (C) gets                     (D) will get

II. 改錯：挑出語法有誤的選項，並加以改正。

(　) ____________ 1. Polly didn’t do well on the test, and neither didn’t I.

                            (A)    (B)           (C)   (D)

(　) ____________ 2. Tina stared at the night sky, looked for the brightest star.

                           (A)            (B)  (C)     (D)

(　) ____________ 3. Finished the homework, Johnny started to play computer

                    (A)                       (B)   (C)

games.

     (D)

(　) ____________ 4. As soon as I will arrive at the airport, I will call you.

                         (A)    (B)  (C)            (D)

(　) ____________ 5. Singing in front of many people are never easy for me.

                    (A)     (B)              (C)         (D)

III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。

1. 向你所愛的人道歉需要有很大的勇氣。

________ to your loved ones t________ a lot of courage.

2. 魔杖一斷掉，咒語就失靈了。

________ ________ ________ the magic wand was broken, the spell couldn’t work.

3. Brenda還沒找到她的真命天子，我也還沒。

Brenda has not found her Mr. Right, ________ ________ ________ I.

4. 男子抓住他受傷的腿，痛苦地尖叫著。

The man grabbed his wounded leg, ________ in pain.

5. 在街上巧遇我失聯已久的朋友時，我給了她一個大大的擁抱。

R________ ________ my long-lost friend on the street, I gave her a big hug.