B2U1 GRAMMAR !

GRAMMAR文法句型

1. 比較級：

A + V +  + than + B

這一課教授「形容詞和副詞的比較級」的句型。講解這個句型之前，教師可先複習連綴動詞的用法以及副詞修飾動詞的用法。

µ複習

☆ 連綴動詞的用法

本套書第一冊Unit 2文法句型1學到「連綴動詞」(linking verb)又稱「不完全不及物動詞」，因其本身語意表達不完整，所以後面須接主詞補語(SC)，以補充說明主詞的性質或狀態。基本句型為S + Vi + SC。而連綴動詞有很多種，以下複習其中兩種：

1. be動詞is、am、are、was、were、be等(後面接的SC為Adj或N)：

‧The song is popular.

‧The sandwich I had this morning was delicious.

2. 感官類連綴動詞look、smell、sound、taste、feel等(後面接的SC為Adj或N)：

‧The sofa feels very hard.

‧You look tired.

☆ 副詞修飾動詞的用法

1. 副詞(Adv)的功用之一是用來修飾動詞：

‧The team left the playground angrily.

‧All the people were dancing happily at the party.

2. 副詞的形式可分為規則及不規則兩種，規則的副詞是由形容詞加上字尾­ly而來，例如easily、crazily、heavily、slowly、quickly等。而不規則的副詞則像是late、early、fast、hard、well等。

µ句型介紹

形容詞和副詞的功能主要是用來修飾，而為了表現欲修飾性質的程度，形容詞和副詞可分成原級、比較級、最高級三種。

1. 比較級基本意思「A比B更……」：

(1) A和B須為同性質，才能互相比較。

‧Fiona's house is larger than me. (×)

上面的句子想表達的意思應該是「Fiona的房子比我的房子」大，所以應改為以下兩種寫法：

‧Fiona's house is larger than my house.

‧Fiona's house is larger than mine.

(mine = my house)

(2) 比較的基準為「我」時，than之後的「我」有以下幾種寫法：

‧Alvin is taller than me. (口語，非正式用法)

→ Alvin is taller than I am. (正式用法)

→ Alvin is taller than I. (正式用法)

‧Daisy ran faster than me. (口語，非正式用法)

→ Daisy ran faster than I ran. (正式用法)

→ Daisy ran faster than I did. (正式用法)

→ Daisy ran faster than I. (正式用法)

2. 比較級基本句型：

(1) 形容詞比較級句型：

A +  +  + than + B

‧Vivian is quieter than many other girls.

‧My hamburger looks smaller than yours.

(2) 副詞比較級句型：

A + V +  + than + B

‧Ms. Wang talks faster than Ms. Lin.

‧Old people walk more slowly than young people.

3. 比較兩個名詞時，第二個名詞前通常會加上than。但若語意清楚，可以省略than。

‧My American teacher speaks English more quickly than my Taiwanese teacher.

‧There are more and more dark clouds. I think the weather will be worse this afternoon.

4. 原級形容詞如何形成比較級：

單音節的字尾直接加er

short → shorter    young → younger old → older          strong → stronger kind → kinder      cheap → cheaper

單音節的字尾是e，直接加r

cute → cuter        fine → finer large → larger      wise → wiser nice → nicer         pale → paler

單音節字尾是「短母音+子音」， 重複字尾再加er

thin → thinner     wet → wetter fat → fatter          sad → sadder red → redder

單音節字尾是「子音+ y」，去y加ier

dry → drier

雙音節字尾是「子音+ y」，去y加ier

pretty → prettier easy → easier angry → angrier  busy → busier ugly → uglier       hungry → hungrier heavy → heavier           healthy → healthier

有些雙音節形容詞可以字尾直接加er， 也可以在前面加more

quiet → quieter / more quiet simple → simpler / more simple polite → politer / more polite common → commoner / more common

雙音節的字，尤其字尾是­ful、­less、­able、­ous、­ive、­ing時，通常前面加more

useful → more useful   nervous → more nervous careful → more careful           active → more active careless → more careless        boring → more boring famous → more famous

三音節以上的字，通常在前面加more

serious → more serious dangerous → more dangerous attractive → more attractive interesting → more interesting convenient → more convenient important → more important successful → more successful

不規則變化

bad → worse        ill → worse good → better      well → better far → farther       far → further many → more     much → more old → older          old → elder late → later          late → latter little → less

5. 原級副詞如何形成比較級：

單音節與少數雙音節的副詞，字尾直接加er

fast → faster        soon → sooner close → closer      loud → louder hard → harder     straight → straighter high → higher

單音節字尾是「子音+ y」，去y加ier

early → earlier

大多數雙音節以上的副詞，以及由 「形容詞 + ly」形成的副詞，前面加more

easily → more easily gladly → more gladly kindly → more kindly carefully → more carefully nervously → more nervously beautifully → more beautifully

不規則變化

badly → worse    well → better far → farther       far → further much → more     little → less late → later          late → latter

µ補充

比較級形容詞和比較級副詞前面可以加上even、much、far、a lot、a little等字來修飾，但不可用very修飾，very只能放在原級形容詞和原級副詞前面。

‧English is hard to learn, but German is even harder than English.

‧I am feeling much better today than yesterday.

‧My brother's room is far bigger than mine.

‧The climate of Russia is a lot colder than that of Taiwan.

‧Zoe jumped a little farther than Zack.

練習多一點

A. 寫出比較級。

1. positive →         

2. lonely →         

3. hot →         

4. familiar →         

5. healthy →         

6. luckily →         

7. badly →         

8. importantly →         

9. well →         

10. little →         

A.

1. more positive　2. more lonely　3.hotter

4. more familiar　5. healthier　6. more luckily

7. worse　8. more importantly　9. better

10. less

B. 根據中文，翻譯以下句子。

1. 這支錶比那個時鐘還要貴。

                                     

2. 這個笑話比Ben的笑話更好笑。

                                     

3. Jimmy比他哥哥用功。

                                     

4. 你走路比那位老人還慢。

                                     

5. Mandy的點子聽起來比較好。

                                     

B.

1. This watch is more expensive than that clock.

2. This joke is funnier than Ben's / Ben's joke.

3. Jimmy studies harder than his brother.

4. You walk more slowly than that old man.

5. Mandy's idea sounds be

1. 台北比台中溫暖。

Taipei is warmer than Taichung. 或 It/The weather is warmer in Taipei than in Taichung.

2. 林先生比王先生瘦。

Mr. Lin is thinner than Mr. Wang.

3. 看籃球賽比聽音樂要來得刺激。

Watching basketball games is more exciting than listening to music.

1. 天氣變得愈來愈熱。

It/The weather is getting hotter and hotter. 或 It/The weather gets hotter and hotter. 或 It/The weather got hotter and hotter.

2. 她變得愈來愈美麗了。

She gets more and more beautiful. 或 She got more and more beautiful.

1. 我們今天和比爸爸還要早起。

We got up earlier than Father today/this morning.

2. 這個班上的男孩比女孩更小心翼翼地寫著他們的習作。

The boys of the class are writing their workbooks more carefully than the girls. 或 The boys of the class wrote their workbooks more carefully than the girls.